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Mi Pro

Traffic signals are typically controlled by a solid-state controller located in a cabinet mounted on a concrete pad. The cabinet contains components like a power panel, detector interface panel, detector amplifiers, conflict monitor unit, and flash transfer relays. Traffic control can be fixed-time, where phases last a specific duration and repeat, or dynamic/actuated, where timing and phasing adjust to traffic conditions detected by sensors. Microprocessor programming allows controlling lights to alternately allow traffic from west to east for 20 seconds, then north to south for 20 seconds, with 5 second yellow transitions repeating.

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18 views6 pages

Mi Pro

Traffic signals are typically controlled by a solid-state controller located in a cabinet mounted on a concrete pad. The cabinet contains components like a power panel, detector interface panel, detector amplifiers, conflict monitor unit, and flash transfer relays. Traffic control can be fixed-time, where phases last a specific duration and repeat, or dynamic/actuated, where timing and phasing adjust to traffic conditions detected by sensors. Microprocessor programming allows controlling lights to alternately allow traffic from west to east for 20 seconds, then north to south for 20 seconds, with 5 second yellow transitions repeating.

Uploaded by

rohitmudili5
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Traffic Controller Systems

A traffic signal is typically controlled by a controller inside a cabinet mounted on a


concrete pad. Although some electro-mechanical controllers are still in use (New York
City still has 4,800), modern traffic controllers are solid state. The cabinet typically
contains a power panel, to distribute electrical power in the cabinet; a detector interface
panel, to connect to loop detectors and other detectors; detector amplifiers; the
controller itself; a conflict monitor unit; flash transfer relays; a police panel, to allow the
police to disable the signal; and other components.

Fixed Time Control


The simplest control system uses a timer (fixed-time): each phase of the signal lasts for a
specific duration before the next phase occurs; this pattern repeats itself regardless of
traffic. Many older traffic light installations still use these, and timer-based signals are
effective in one way grids where it is often possible to coordinate the traffic lights to the
posted speed limit. They are however disadvantageous when the signal timing of an
intersection would profit from being adapted to the dominant flows changing over the
time of the day.

Dynamic Control
Dynamic, or actuated, signals are programmed to adjust their timing and phasing to
meet changing traffic conditions. The system adjusts signal phasing and timing to
minimize the delay of people going through the intersection. It is also commonplace to
alter the control strategy of a traffic light based on the time of day and day of the week,
or for other special circumstances such as a major event causing unusual demand at an
intersection.

The controller uses input from detectors, which are sensors that inform the controller
processor whether vehicles or other road users are present, to adjust signal timing and
phasing within the limits set by the controllers

programming. It can give more time to an intersection approach that is experiencing


heavy traffic, or shorten or even skip a phase that has little or no traffic waiting for a
green light. Detectors can be grouped into three classes: in-pavement detectors, non-
intrusive detectors, and detection for non-motorized road users.

Working Program
Design of a microprocessor system to control traffic lights. The traffic should be
controlled in the following manner.
1) Allow traffic from W to E and E to W transition for 20 seconds. 2) Give transition
period of 5 seconds (Yellow bulbs ON) 3) Allow traffic from N to 5 and 5 to N for 20
seconds 4) Give transition period of 5 seconds (Yellow bulbs ON) 5) Repeat the process.

Source Program:
MVI A, 80H: Initialize 8255, port A and port B

OUT 83H (CR): in output mode

START: MVI A, 09H

OUT 80H (PA): Send data on PA to glow R1 and R2

MVI A, 24H

OUT 81H (PB): Send data on PB to glow G3 and G4

MVI C, 28H: Load multiplier count (40ıο) for delay

CALL DELAY: Call delay subroutine

MVI A, 12H

OUT (81H) PA: Send data on Port A to glow Y1 and Y2

OUT (81H) PB: Send data on port B to glow Y3 and Y4

MVI C, 0AH: Load multiplier count (10ıο) for delay

CALL: DELAY: Call delay subroutine

MVI A, 24H

OUT (80H) PA: Send data on port A to glow G1 and G2

MVI A, 09H

OUT (81H) PB: Send data on port B to glow R3 and R4

MVI C, 28H: Load multiplier count (40ıο) for delay

CALL DELAY: Call delay subroutine


MVI A, 12H

OUT PA: Send data on port A to glow Y1 and Y2

OUT PB: Send data on port B to glow Y3 and Y4

MVI C, 0AH: Load multiplier count (10ıο) for delay

CALL DELAY: Call delay subroutine

JMP START

Delay Subroutine:
DELAY: LXI D, Count: Load count to give 0.5 sec delay

BACK: DCX D: Decrement counter

MOV A, D

ORA E: Check whether count is 0

JNZ BACK: If not zero, repeat

DCR C: Check if multiplier zero, otherwise repeat

JNZ DELAY

RET: Return to main program\

*8086 code*

START:
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AL,80H
MOV DX,CWR
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,F3H
MOV DX,PORTC
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,FFH
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,FFH
MOV DX,PORTB
OUT DX,AL
MOV CL,03H
CALL DELAY
TOP:
MOV AL,EEH
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,EEH
MOV DX,PORTB
OUT DX,AL
MOV CL,02H
CALL DELAY

MOV AL,FCH
MOV DX,PORTC
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,7DH
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,57H
MOV DX,PORTB
OUT DX,AL
MOV CL,15H
CALL DELAY

MOV AL,E7H
MOV DX,PORTB
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,FDH
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,EDH
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV CL,02H
CALL DELAY

MOV AL,F7H
MOV DX,PORTB
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,F0H
MOV DX,PORTC
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,F1H
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV CL,15H
CALL DELAY

MOV AL,FBH
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,FBH
MOV DX,PORTB
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,50H
MOV DX,PORTC
OUT DX,AL
MOV CL,15H
CALL DELAY

MOV AL,FEH
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,FEH
MOV DX,PORTB
OUT DX,AL
MOV CL,03H
CALL DELAY

MOV AL,FFH
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,AFH
MOV DX,PORTC
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,EEH
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,EEH
MOV DX,PORTB
OUT DX,AL
MOV CL,02H
CALL DELAY

MOV AL,BFH
MOV DX,PORTA
OUT DX,AL
MOV AL,BFH
MOV DX,PORTB
OUT DX,AL
MOV CL,15H
CALL DELAY
JMP TOP

DELAY:
MOV BX,10H
D1:
MOV CX,0FFFFH
D2:
LOOP D2
DEC BX
JNZ D1
INT 03H
END START

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