Smart Farming using IoT

A
Domain Specific Mini Project Report on

“SMART FARMING USING IOT”

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of
T.Y. B. Tech.
in
Computer Science & Engineering
by
Mr. Patil Yugant Vilas Roll No.42
Mr. Pawar Dhananjay Shekhar Roll No.43
Ms. Pingale Riddhi Sanjay Roll No.44
Ms. Sawant Rutuja Dattatray Roll No.51
Ms. Sawant Sayali kishor Roll No.52

Under the guidance of

Mr. P.A.Kharade

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

BHARATI VIDYAPEETH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
KOLHAPUR
YEAR: 2022-23

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “Smart Farming Using IoT” submitted
by Mr. Patil Yugant Vilas, Mr. Pawar Dhananjay Shekhar, Ms. Pingale Riddhi Sanjay, Ms.
Sawant Rutuja Dattatray, and Ms. Sawant Sayali Kishor for the partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of degree of T. Y. B. Tech. in Computer Science & Engineering to
the Shivaji University.
This report is record of students’ teamwork carried out by them under my supervision
and guidance.

Date:
Place:

Mr.P.A.Kharade Mrs. S. M. Mulla Dr. V. R. Ghorpade

Guide H.O.D Principal

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our privilege to acknowledge with deep sense of gratitude to our project guide Mr.
P.A.Kharade for his valuable suggestions and guidance throughout our course of study and
project. We express our gratitude to Ms. S.M.Mulla (HOD) for their kind help and co-
operation and special thanks to our Principal Dr. V. R. Ghorpade for giving us an opportunity
to work on this topic.
We are highly obliged to the entire staff of the Computer Science &Engineering
Department for their kind co-operation and help. We also take this opportunity to thank all our
colleagues, who backed our interest by giving useful suggestions and all possible help.

• Mr. Patil Yugant Vilas

• Mr. Pawar Dhananjay Shekhar
• Ms. Pingale Riddhi Sanjay
• Ms. Sawant Rutuja Dattatray
• Ms. Sawant Sayali Kishor

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ABSTRACT
Internet of Things (IoT) technology has brought revolution to each and every
field in human life by making everything smart and intelligent. IoT refers to a network of
things which make a self-configuring network. The development of Intelligent Smart Farming
IoT based devices is day by day turning the face of agriculture production by not only
enhancing it but also making it cost-effective save wastage of water. The aim / objective of
this project is to proposed IoT based Smart Farming System assisting farmers in getting Live
Data (Temperature, Soil Moisture) for efficient environment monitoring which will enable
them to increase their overall crop yield and quality of products. The IoT based Smart Farming
System being proposed via this project is integrated with Arduino Technology mixed with
different Sensors and a Wi-Fi module producing live data feed that can be obtained online
with the help of firebase database.

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INDEX
SR. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 01

2 AN OVERVIEW OF EXISTING SYSTEM 02

AND CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED
3 PROBLEM STATEMENT 03

4 OUTLINE OF THE PROPOSED WORK 04

4.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM 04

4.2 LIST OF MODULES 05

5 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS 06

5.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 06

5.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 06

5.3 COMPONENTS 06

6 FLOWCHART 07

7 USAGE OF THE LOGIC AND 08

ALGORITHM
8 IMPLEMENTATION 09

9 RESULT 10

10 CONCLUSION 13

11 REFERENCE 14

12 OVERALL COMPLETION CHART 15

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1. INTRODUCTION
IoT is stand for Internet of Things .It means accessing and controlling daily usable
devices and equipment’s using the Internet. The term ‘Things’ in the Internet of Things refers
to anything and everything in day-to-day life which is accessed or connected through the
internet. IoT is an advanced automation and analytics system that deals with sensor,
networking, electronic and cloud computing, etc., to deliver complete systems for the product
or services. Another very important domain in the internet of things is the agricultural domain.
IoT is responsible for modernizing the agricultural field by using proficient methods and
instruments to manage crops, detect the soil moisture.
Traditional farming methods used old and outdated farming methods. Manual methods
are used to monitor the soil and manage the crop harvesting. These methods are time
consuming and expensive. Smart farming is a newly introduced concept. Smart farming
involves the use of smart technologies such as machines and sensors. Smart farming uses
modernised methods and IoT based technology to manipulate and manage the agricultural
yields.
The aim of this project is to increase the quality and quantity of agricultural goods at
the same time keeping in mind the cost and energy usage.

The various of technologies farmers use in smart farms are:

• Sensors for soil, water, moisture and humidity control
• Software for the status of the modules
• Connectivity cellular networks

The software contains the soil moisture, weather forecast, Agri Robot, pump motor. In
soil moisture, it connects to the soil moisture sensor to measure the amount of water in the
soil, it can be calculated and based on the data from humidity, temperature and moisture sensor
the agricultural area can be irrigated automatically. Thus, smart irrigation helps to improve the
crop yield. The motor pump contains the schedule of the irrigation The Agri robot contains
cutter and spray. The weather forecast is display the weather.

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2. AN OVERVIEW OF THE RELEVANT LITERATURE

The smart farming as cycle of sensing, monitoring, analysis and cloud based control of
farm events. The harvesting of data from sensors deployed in the fields aid decision making
process on it and remote monitoring and accurate diagnosis of the soil moisture. Farmers will
also have access to data of weather and other inputs and they can make informed decisions.
This will result in less waste, efficient use of resources and effective food production .The IoT,
firebase, Application software and hardware sensors using all this connectivity enables the
collection, transmission, processing & analysis of data. The data collected by the sensors need
to be processed and stored. The farmers are not tech savvy, they need a system that is easy to
operate.
The Agricultural automation in forming process is mainly for time saving, energy
efficiency of work in farming fields and increased productivity of crop. The grass cutter and
vehicle motors are interfaced to the microcontroller that controls the working of all the motors.
Agricultural harvesting using Agri robots are becoming more useful as they offer advantages
such as increased efficiency, accuracy, and reduced labour costs. Agri robots are designed to
harvest crop. Then use some tools to carefully harvest them without damaging the produce.
Spraying is a common task in agriculture that relies on chemical product use. The agricultural
robot can spray fertilizers and pesticides onto each individual plant.

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3.PROBLEM STATEMENT

Population growth and climate change are a global challenge. United Nation’s 2030
agenda, defines 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), among them eradication of hunger
and responsible production and consumption. The climatic and environmental changes call for
the use of innovative technologies to address food security problems. There is a need to use
technology to regulate the consumption of depleting resources, increase productivity and
enhance resilience. ICT has the most impact on development, particularly on innovation,
efficiency and effectiveness in all sector .The food industry is currently responsible for 30 %
of the world's energy consumption and 22 % of greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge,
therefore, is not just producing more food, but doing it sustainably. The global food production
has to increase by 70 % by 2050 to feed the growing population.
Smart farming systems can send alerts to farmers' phones if there is trouble with the
soil, seeds, and other aspects of their crop. IoT can also increase productivity making farms
more efficient. Smart farming provides farmers with real-time and accurate data, enabling
them to make informed decisions and track progress continuously. With smart farming,
farmers can monitor and control their farming activities effectively, thereby increasing the
crop yield and productivity. IoT enabled sensors can monitor soil moisture and temperature,
ensuring optimal usage of resources such as water and fertilizers, minimizing waste and
increasing efficiency.

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4. OUTLINE OF THE PROPOSED WORK

There are no users who don’t want to add more features over the existing system which
gives more elasticity and runs with few general applications like a smart-phone. Our system
is designed in such a way that abstains from the drawbacks of the existing system. The
developed method gives more security, comfort, and flexibility. The aim of our proposed
method is to design and to implement a low cost and open-source Smart farming that’s able to
lead most of the farms and sustain the Smart Farming. To use wireless reliable technology to
interconnecting many modules to the server of the Smart Farming, as a result, the proposed
system gives more flexibility. This system will reduce the expansion cost; will add to the
elasticity of advancement. Figure shows the block diagram of our proposed method.

4.1 System Architecture Diagram

Fig 4.1 System Architecture

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4.2 List of Modules

1. Main Screen Module

2. User Login and Registration Module

3. Dashboard Module

4. Soil Moisture Module

5. Weather Forecast Module

6. Agri Robot Module

7. Motor Pump Module

8. Scheduling Module

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5. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

5.1 Software Requirement

• Operating System: Windows 10 home and above version.

• Language: Java, XML, Embedded C.
• Source Code Editor: Android Studio, Arduino IDE.
• Database: Firebase, SQLite.

5.2 Hardware Requirements

• Processor: i3
• Ram: 2 GB
• HDD: 128 GB

5.3 Components
• Microcontroller : Node-MCU
• Sensors: DHT11, Soil Moisture.
• Other Components: Motor, Motor Driver L293D, Jumper Wires, Relay,
Battery, etc.

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6. FLOWCHART

Fig.6.1 Flowchart

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7. USAGE OF THE LOGIC AND ALGORITHM

Algorithm
Step 1: First you have to go through login system. If you are already register your account
then login with your email id and password. If you are new user then create your
account. If you are able to login system you will go to the main dashboard.
Step 2: Now you are at the main dashboard. The soil moisture, weather forecast, agri robot
and motor pump this four modules are display on the dashboard
Step 3: Click on the required module.
Step 4: If you click soil moisture module it display the percentage of moisture in soil, if you
click weather forecast module it display the temperature, humidity. You click the Agri
robot module then it display the spraying option if you want to spraying on crops you
have to option to on/ off and the control panel for direction of robot. You click the
motor pump module it display the schedule of irrigation and turn on/off motor.
Step 5: Exit. This will stop the program or end the program.

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8. IMPLEMENTATION
The overall system architecture for Smart Farming using IoT depends on the Node
MCU, Android app, and cloud connection system. The first block is Android App. It receives
input, user input. The UI includes a control, and monitoring system page that allow users to
remotely control and monitor Motor pump, sensor and Agri Robot that includes the sprayer
and cutter. Once the user gives the input via the android application process is complete, then
the output is uploaded to Firebase and processed by Node MCU to operate. The next block is
the Smart Farming architectures, the Node MCU as the main board. Each data read by the
sensor is progressed by the board and uploaded to Firebase via the board’s built-in Wi-Fi. The
remote-control system and home automation architecture are applied two-way wireless
communication with the Firebase Real-time Database to update and retrieve the status of the
irrigation system and Agri robot.
NodeMCU: In this Smart Farming, we will control irrigation system and Agri using “SMART
FARMING” android Application. The WIFI Module NodeMCU ESP8266 will receive
commands from the smartphone wirelessly through the internet.
Relay module: A relay allows you to turn on or turn off a circuit using voltage and/or current
much higher than what Node MCU could handle. Relay provides complete isolation between
the low-voltage circuit on Controller side and the high-voltage side controlling the load. It gets
activated using 5V from Node MCU, which, in turn, controls electrical appliances Motor Pump.
Android app: With the help of “SMART FARMING” android application, we can control all
devices and Sensor through the database. In Smart Farming we use firebase database. Firebase
database helps to build bridge between android application and micro-controller i.e., Node
MCU.
Firebase: Google Firebase is a Google-backed application development software that enables
developers to develop iOS, Android and Web apps. Firebase provides tools for tracking
analytics, reporting and fixing app crashes, creating marketing and product experiment.

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9. RESULT

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10. CONCLUSION

Smart farming using IoT technology is an innovative and promising approach to

agriculture. It involves the use of internet-connected devices, sensors, and software to
automate and optimize various farming activities. The adoption of smart farming practices can
result in increased productivity, reduced costs, improved resource utilization and more
sustainable farming practices. With the availability of real-time and accurate data, farmers can
make informed decisions and track progress continuously, leading to more successful and
profitable farming operations. Smart farming using IoT is a highly recommended approach for
modern agriculture.

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11. REFERENCE

Base Paper
• Vishnu Prakash K, Sathish Kumar, Venkatesh P, Chandran A,” Design and
Fabrication of Multipurpose Agricultural Robot,” International journal of
Advanced Science and Engineering Research Volume: 1, Issue: 1, June 2016,
ISSN: 2455-9288

Websites referred
• www.stackoverflow.com
• www.programiz.com/java-programming
• www.tutorialspoint.com
• www.google.co.in
• www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart _Farming

YouTube Channels referred

• Edureka!
• Great Learning

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12. OVERALL COMPLETION CHART

PERIOD WORK TO BE COMPLETED

03-02-2023 To 16-02-2023 Creation of group members and planning project. Deciding which
Subject we are going to work on

17-02-2023 To 02-03-2023 Requirement analysis of the Data and the user which will use the
website.

03-03-2023 To 16-03-2023 Designing all modules and deciding the flow of the system.

17-03-2023 To 27-04-2023 The coding part of all the modules will be here

28-04-2023 To 12-05-2023 All the testing of data and validation of module must be done here.
We must make sure that the system is providing accurate results
according to requirements.

Roll No. Name Mobile No. Email ID Signature

42 Mr. Patil Yugant Vilas 7057509400 [email protected]

43 Mr. Pawar Dhananjay Shekhar 9860468378 [email protected]

45 Ms. Pingale Riddhi Sanjay 9322726003 [email protected]

51 Ms. Sawant Rutuja Dattatray 9579883588 [email protected]

52 Ms. Sawant Sayali Kishor 9604687280 [email protected]

Mr.P.A.Kharade Mrs. S. M. Mulla

Project Guide H.O.D

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