DATABASE MANAGEMENT What is Database? A database is an organized collection of data. It is evolved in the year 1960. What is Database Management System? Or What is DBMS? Give Examples. ‘A database management system is a software package with computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. EX: Open Office Database, MySQL, FoxPro, and SQLite. How data can be organised ? Data can be organized into two types: 1) Flat File 2). Relational Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable for less,amount)of data. Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked using a common field, Relational is suitable for medium to large amountoof data. What does DBMS stands for? —_Data Base Management System. Exapand RDBMS? Who introduced RDBMS? RDBMS refers to Relational Database Management Sistemiit iSintrotiuced by E. F. Codd. ‘Why do we need RDBMS? Or How is data organized in a RDBMS? In the relational model of a database, all data is Fepresented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations. A database organized intterms of the relational model is a relational database. The purpose Ofithe rélatidnal model is to provide a declarative method for specifying data and)queries. How data is organised in RDBMS? Data in a relational database Management system (RDBMS) is organized in the form of tables, What do you mean bya table is RDBMS? A table is a set of data elements (values) that is organized using a model of vertical columns (which are Identified by their name) and horizontal rows. ‘What do you mean by a’column/fields in RDBMS? Give example A column is a set oftdata values of a particular simple type, one for each row of the table. Example: cFirstName, or cLastName are fields in a row 10) What do you mean by a row in RDBMS? Give example ‘row als6 called a record or tuple represents a single, data item in a table. Each row ina table represents a set of related data, and every row in the table has the same structure. Example: cFirstName, or clastName are fields ina row 11) What do you mean by data types ? List the data types used in a DBMS /RDBMS? Datatypes are used to identify which type of data (value) we are going to store in the database.Data types in OpenOffice base is broadly classified into five categories. 1) Numeric Types 2) Alphanumeric Types 3)Binary Types 4) Date time 5) Other Variable types 12) What do you mean by Numeric data types? List data types available in Numeric Datatype. 25 Pag rikamba High SchooNumeric data types are used for describing numeric values for the field used in the table of a database. Numeric data types are used for storing information such as mobile number, roll number,etc,. Types: BOOLEAN (yes/no), INTEGER(integer), FLOAT(float), NUMERIC(number). 13) What do you mean by Alpha-numeric data types? List data types available in Alpha-numeric data type. Alpha-numeric data types are used for describing alpha-numeric values for the field used in the table of a database.Alpha-numeric data types are used for storing information such as PAN card number ete,. Types: CHAR, VARCHAR 14) What do you mean by Binary data types? List datatypes available in Data type. Binary data types are used for storing data in binary formats. Types: BINARY,image 15) What do you mean by Date Time data types? List datatypes available in Date Time Data type. Date time data types are used for describing dat@ and timé)valuies for the field used in the table of a database. Example: date of birth, date of admission Types: Date, Time 16) What do you mean by other data types? List datatypes available in Other Data type. The other data types are used to in¢lude Java Objects. Example: Java Objects. Types: Other/object 17) State the relationship and diffetence between a primary and foreign key? A primary key is a unique valuethat identifies a row in a table. Foreign key identifies.a columinor set of columns in one (referencing) table that refers to a column or set Of columns in another (referenced) table. 18) List two typesof languages used in Database. 1, Data Definition Language (DDL) 2. (Data\Manipulation Language (DML) 19) What do you meamby DDL? Give Examples. A data definition language (DDL) is a standard for commands that define the different Structures in a database. DDL statements create, modify, and remove database objects such as tables, indexes, and users. Example: CREATE, ALTER, and DROP. 20) What do you mean by DML? Give Examples. A data manipulation language (DML is a language that enables users to access and manipulate data in a database. Example: SELECT,INSERT, DELETE & UPDATE. 21) Explain about DML commands or Explain the following. SELECT statement-Retrieval of information from the database. INSERT statement-Insertion of new information into the database. DELETE statement-Deletion of information in the database. UPDATE statement-Modification of information in the database. 26 Pag rikamba High Schoo22) What is SQL? Why do we need it? Structured Query Language (SQL) is a popular data manipulation language. This is Used to retrieve and manipulate data in a relational database. 23) What are the two types of DML? 1) Procedural DML: the user specifies what data is needed and how to get it, 2) Nonprocedural DML: the user only specifies what data is needed. This is easier for the user but may not generate code as efficient as that produced by procedural languages, 24) What is the file extension for databases created using OpenOffice.Org Base? * odb where * is filename and odb refers to object data base. 25) What do you mean by Filtering ? Filtering means that the query uses criteria user provide it to hide Some’data and present only what user want to see. 26) Explain the various types of SELECT statements available in database. A SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from, onelor More database tables or database views. The SELECT statement has many optional clatises: A) Simple Select Statement ex: SELECT * FROM TABLENAME; B) WHERE specifies which rows to retrieve, EX: SELECT * FROM TABLENAME WHERE FIELDNAME= VALUE; C)_ ORDER BY specifies an Otder in, which to return the rows. EX: SELECT * FROM TABLENAME ORDER BY "FIELDNAME" ASC/DESC; 27) Explain various data types available in database. Datatypes are used to.identify which type of data (value) we are going to store in the database, ‘Numeric Types: Numeric) data types are used for describing numeric values ex: mobile number. *Binary.-Types:Biharydata types are used for storing data in binary formats ex:music files. Date time:Date time data types are used for describing date and time values. ex: Date of birth. “AlphaNumeric Typesilt is used to store data which includes both aplhabets and ‘numbers. ex: PAN card number. 28) What is an INSERT statement? Write its syntax and example. INSERT statement is used to add one or more records to a database. The Syntax is: INSERT INTO table (column2, column2, column3 ...) VALUES (value1, value2,value3 ..) Example: insert into "SDetails" ("10" Rollno") values ('8', Ranjith Singh’, 67"); 29) Mention the uses of the following #s évnwajrty evziokecrinvss, 5¢% a) Insert statement sa*#0t, Z¢1s*sbou b) Update Statement eardeut fetsrshour ©) Delete statement agew gerebow d) Create statement gabe deutcbowr INSERT: INSERT statement is used to add one or more records to a database. 27 Pag rikamba High SchooUPDATE: UPDATE statement is used for modifying records in a database, DELETE: DELETE Statement is used to remove one or more records in a database. CREATE: CREATE statement is used for creating a database or a table in any RDBMS Software. Fill in the blanks: 1. A database is an organized collection of data, 2. A DBMS is a software package that can be used for creating and managing databases. 3. A RDBMS is a database management system that is based on the relational model. 4. Three popular DBMS software are Oracle, MySQL, & SQLite. 5. A table is a set of data elements that is organized using a model of vertical colurtins and horizontal rows. 6. A column is a set of data values of a particular simple type, one fof tach row Of the table. 7. A row represents a single, data item in a table. 8. Data types are used to identify which type of data we are going t6'store in'the database. 9. A Primary Key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table. 10.Types of languages used for creating and manipulating the data ifthe database are Data Definition Language(DDL) & Data manipulatiomLanguage(DML). 11. A Data Definition Language(DDL) is a standard\for comifiamds that define the different structures in a database. 12. A Data manipulation Language(DMb)is a language that enables users to access and manipulate data in a database. 13, A Query Language is a part of DML inyol¥ing information retrieval only. 14, A popular data manipulation language is Structured Query Language (SQL). 14. Common DDL statements are CREATE, ALTER, and DROP. 15. Tables are the basic building blocks of a database. 16, Users can store the data in the database in the form of tables, 17, To design a table, you necdito select Create Table in Design View option available under Task. 18. A form helps theuseF to systematically store information in the database. 19. A foram enables usets:to view, enter, and change data directly in database object8\suchvas'tables: 20STo.créate a form you need to select Forms option available under Database section. 21.A QuéFy helps to collect specific information from the pool of data in the database. 22. SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or database views. 23. INSERT statement is used to add one or more records to a database. 24. UPDATE statement is used for modifying records in a database. 25, DELETE statement is used to remove one or more records in a database. 26. CREATE statement is used for creating a database or a table in any RDBMS Software. 27. A Report is used to generate the overall work outcome in a clear format. 28. To create reports you need to select Use Wizard to Create Report... option available under Tasks. 2B [Poe rikamba High Schoo