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Prac 8

The document describes rolling two dice and calculating the probability of getting the sum of X. It provides the sample space of all possible outcomes from rolling two dice and their probabilities. For example, the probability of getting a sum of 2 is 1/36 since there is only one way to get a 2 (1,1). The document also gives examples of calculating probabilities, means, variances, and standard deviations for other random variables based on their probability distributions.

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thekrakh200287
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15 views

Prac 8

The document describes rolling two dice and calculating the probability of getting the sum of X. It provides the sample space of all possible outcomes from rolling two dice and their probabilities. For example, the probability of getting a sum of 2 is 1/36 since there is only one way to get a 2 (1,1). The document also gives examples of calculating probabilities, means, variances, and standard deviations for other random variables based on their probability distributions.

Uploaded by

thekrakh200287
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example: Roll two dies. Let X be the sum of two observed numbers.

𝑆 = {(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)


(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4)(3,5) (3,6)
(4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)}

The sum of two observed numbers may be 2, 3, 4, …, 11, 12

1
𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 𝑃({(1,1)}) =
36
2
𝑃(𝑋 = 3) = 𝑃({(1,2) (2,1)}) =
36
.
.
.
5
𝑃(𝑋 = 6) = 𝑃({(1,5) (5,1)(2,4)(4,2)(3,3)}) =
36
.
.
.
2
𝑃(𝑋 = 11) = 𝑃({(5,6) (6,5)}) =
36
1
𝑃(𝑋 = 12) = 𝑃({(6,6)}) =
36

The probability distribution is

x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 O.W

P(x) 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
Example: given the following probability distribution table:

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 o.w

P(x) 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0

Find:
1. 𝜇 𝑜𝑟 𝐸(𝑋)
𝜇 = 𝐸(𝑋) = 𝑥𝑃(𝑥)
= 0 × 0.1 + 1 × 0.4 + 2 × 0.2 + 3 × 0.15 + 4 × 0.1 + 5 × 0.05
= 1.9

2. 𝜎

𝐸(𝑋 ) = ∑ 𝑥 𝑃(𝑥)
= 0 × 0.1 + 1 × 0.4 + 2 × 0.2 + 3 × 0.15 + 4 × 0.1 + 5 × 0.05
= 5.4
𝜎 = 𝐸(𝑋 ) − 𝜇 = 5.4 − (1.9) = 1.79

3. 𝜎
𝜎 = √1.79 = 1.34

Example: Let x be a r.v with mean 3 and standard deviation 5. Find:

1. 𝐸(𝑋 − 3)
𝐸(𝑋 − 3) = 𝜎 = (5) = 25

2. 𝐸(𝑋 )
𝜎 = 𝐸(𝑋 ) − 𝜇
25 = 𝐸(𝑋 ) − 3
𝐸(𝑋 ) = 25 + 9 = 34

3. H.W: Find 𝐸(𝑋 − 𝜇)


Example: given the following probability distribution table:

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 o.w

P(x) 0.34 0.25 0.06 C 0.1 0.15 0

Find the following:


1. C
𝑃(𝑥 ) = 1

0.34 + 0.25 + 0.06 + 𝑐 + 0.1 + 0.15 = 1 → 𝐶 = 0.1

2. 𝐸(𝑋 ) 𝑜𝑟 𝜇
𝜇= 𝑥𝑃(𝑥) = −2 × 0.34 + (−1) × 0.25 + 0 × 0.06 + 1 × 0.1 + 2 × 0.1 + 3 × 0.15 = −0.18

3. 𝐸(𝑋 )
𝐸(𝑋 ) = 𝑥 𝑃(𝑥)
= (−2) × 0.3 + (−1) × 0.25 + 0 × 0.06 + 1 × 0.1 + 2 × 0.1 + 3 × 0.15 = 3.46

4. 𝜎
𝜎 = 𝐸𝑋 − 𝜇 = 3.46 − (−0.18) = 3.43

5. 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) = 𝑃(0) = 0.06

6. 𝑃(𝑋 = 7) = 0

7. 𝑃(𝑋 = −1.76) = 0

8. 𝑃(𝑋 < 1) = 𝑃(−2) + 𝑃(−1) + 𝑃(0)


= 0.34 + 0.25 + 0.06 = 0.65
9. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 2.5) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑥 > 2) = 1 − 𝑃(3)
= 1 − 0.15 = 0.85

10. 𝑃(𝑋 > −1.5) = 1 − 𝑃(−2) = 1 − 0.34 = 0.66

11. 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2) = 𝑃(2) + 𝑃(3) = 0.1 + 0.15 = 0.25

12. 𝑃(−1 < 𝑋 < 1.5) = 𝑃(0) + 𝑃(1) = 0.06 + 0.1 = 0.16

13. 𝑃(−1 < 𝑋 ≤ 0) = 0.06


14. 𝑃(2 ≤ 𝑋 < 3) =

15. 𝑃(0 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 2) =

16. 𝑃(|𝑋| ≤ 1) = 𝑃(−1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1) = 𝑃(−1) + 𝑃(0) + 𝑃(1) = 0.41

17. 𝑃(|𝑋| < 1) =

18. 𝑃(|𝑋| > 2) =

19. 𝑃(|𝑋| ≥ 2) =

20. 𝑃(|𝑋| = 1) =

21. 𝑃(𝑋 > 0|𝑋 ≤ 2) =

22. 𝑃(|𝑋| < 3 | |𝑋| > 1) =

23. 𝑃(2𝑋 − 1 = 5) =

24. 𝑃(𝑋 − 1 = 3) =

25. 𝑃(3𝑋 − 1 > 5) =


HOMEWORK:
Question 1: Roll a die. Let the events 𝐴 = {1,2}, 𝐵 = {1, 4, 5}. Find:
a. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
b. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
c. 𝐴
d. 𝐵
e. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
f. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
g. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
h. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
i. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
j. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
k. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
l. (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
m. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐴
n. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
o. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

Question 2: Let A and B be two events in S where 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.6, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.3. Find:
a. Probability of not B.
b. Are the events disjoint?
c. Probability of exactly A occurs.
d. Probability of exactly B occurs.
e. Probability that exactly one event occurs.
f. Probability none of them occurs.
g. Probability any of them occurs.
h. Probability of neither A nor B occurs.
i. Probability of at most one event occurs.
j. Probability of at least one event occurs.
k. Probability of at least none of them occurs.

Question 3: Let A and B are two events in S. probability exactly one occurs is 0.6 and probability none of
them occurs is 0.1. Find probability of both of them occurs.

Question 4: Roll an unfair die. Let 𝐴 = {1, 2}, 𝐵 = {2, 3, 6}. Given that:
𝑃(1) = 0.1, 𝑃(2) = 0.2, 𝑃(3) = 0.2, 𝑃(4) = 0.05, 𝑃(5) = 0.1, 𝑃(6) = 0.35
Find:
a. 𝑃(𝐴)
b. 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
c. 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
d. 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 )

Question 5: In a city, 80% of the people drink tea, 60% drink coffee and 53% drink both. Select a person
randomly. Find:
a. Probability of selecting person drinks only tea.
b. Probability of selecting person drinks any of them.
c. Probability of selecting person drinks tea or not coffee.

Question 6: Let 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.6, 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 0.6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 0.5. Find:
a. Probability of both events occur.
b. P(A).
c. Are A and B independent.

Question 7: Depinding on the following venn diagram, find:

1. Are A and B independent.


2. Find:
a. 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).
b. 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵).
c. 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ).
d. 𝑃(𝐴 |𝐵 ).
e. 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵).
f. Given that B does not occur, find probability of A.
g. Find probability of not A if B occurs.

Question 8: Let a random variable x has the probability distribution:

x -3 -1 0 1 2 o.w

P(x) 0.1 0.2 B 0.2 0.1 0

Find:
1. the value of B.
2. the mean of x.
3. the variance of x and the standard deviation of x.
4. 𝑃(𝑋 = 1)
5. 𝑃 𝑋 =
6. 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝐸𝑋)
7. 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝐸𝑋 )
8. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 1)
9. 𝑃(−3 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 1)
10. 𝑃(−3 < 𝑋 ≤ 0)
11. 𝑃(−1.67 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 7.11)
12. 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ −4) and 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ −4)
13. 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 5.7)
14. 𝑃(𝜎 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 𝐸𝑋 )
15. 𝑃(2𝑋 − 1 ≥ 0)
16. 𝑃(|𝑋| ≤ 1)
17. 𝑃 |𝑋| >
18. 𝑃(|𝑋| = 1)
19. 𝑃(𝑋 = 0|−1.2 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 1.77)
20. 𝑃 |𝑋| ≤ |𝑋| ≥

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