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Dynamics CH 3

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24 views

Dynamics CH 3

Dfdfggghbghbgggbbhjjhjnn

Uploaded by

chalatesfaye46
Copyright
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LMuccere'C S Chapter III (6x Y y Kinetics of particles | + tis the study of the relations existing | between > ~~ the forces acting on body, the mass of the body, and the motion of the body. + Itis the study of the relation between unbalanced forces and the resulting motion. * The basic relation between force and acceleration is found in Newton's second law of motion and its verification is entirely experimental * Consider a particle subjected to constant forees -| F, “|| ure of some property of the particle that does not | change. + We conclude that the constant is @ meast * Newton's fst law and tic aw are sufciont for Studying bodies at rest ata) or bogies in mation with no acceleration. ien a body accelerates ( change in velocity magnitude or dfection) Newton 's second law is required to relate the motion of the body t to the forces acting on it. # _“Force, mass and acceleration Newton 's Second Law: Ifthe resultant force acting on a particle is not zero the particle will have an acceleration proportional to the Magnitude of resultant and in the direction of the resultant. { } This propery is the inet of the particle whichis its resistance torrate of change of velocity. The mass mis used as a quantitative measure of inertia, and " thaetre tne expenmentl elton seconos, Fema This relation provides a complet formulation of Newtons second lav expresses nt only thal the magnitude Fand a ae proportional ut als hat the veclrFand a have he same direction || Equation of motion and solution of problems. | + When a parte ofmass m acted upon by several res. The Newt's second aw canbe exoresse by the equation 7 rn eames To determine the acceleration we must use the Cp, nge, analysis used in kinematics, i.e. | aie Bete OS i 4 Basa Oise @ ‘lteter lin ar thesettion ges w= 846i Binet” tke: r inane Bap ‘or ie Bindcia teh downwind dizcion, wsbave he ial: 20-7 = B04, Saving tebe squations in eg ny and gers iq 85 Uae am R92.tvet Ta 2050 ‘Forth 80-1 seop with constant $0.4 rte tatiana when he fo a in Deerne ihe iting anton af tho Seine HP TBO Nand ea 3/50 The member OA rotates about a horizontal axia through O with a constant eountercackwie elec rade. Acit putes the position # =a ‘ofmasem i placed on at adil dit fn. IC the block is observed to slip ob 8 iF, determine the cotfiieat of ate Deion ‘,batweon the black andthe meses px &x, Determine the maximum speed at which the car with mass m can pass over the top paint A of the Vertical curved road and still maintain contact with the road. If the car maintains this speed, what is the normal reaction the road exerts on the car when it asses the lowest point B on the road? “*swork and kinetic energy * The method of work and energy directly relates force, mass, velocity, and displacement. + We apply this method: * When intervals of motion are involved where the change in velocity or the corresponding displacement of the particle is required. * Integration of the forces with respect to the clsplacement of the particle leads to the equation of lork of Force Uiaae [Fear tire [orale =[re Dare fled ea ore) Work of a constant force in rectilinear motion a = 1p ee 25H (5 — 34) = Way ‘nen yf negative (moves down), the works postive pr. of the Force Exerted by a Spring Work of a gravitational Force Jem ho Power and Efficiency + Friction energy dissipated by heat and reduce kinetic energy. Exercises, Sample Problem 3/3 x ‘The 250 concrete block Ai released fom rst inthe position shown ae ply the 40-0 log up the 30" ramp. I the colcent fhe ition between ‘ho Jog and the ramp i 5, determine the vlaiy of the block sit hits the W-Ra Wigs saasbioaa oy exam «i892 Teewshenes ein ee npn Ms teet) det Dian Jeowr-12-]607 arene ae tea ‘Sct xt wor ast neti wctana dann the sb oe 3/116 ‘The 24g collar is released from mest at and side downs the inclined fixed rod in the vertical plane, ‘The coviicient of kinetic friction is 04. Calculate (a) the velocity v ofthe collar ast strikes the spring. snd () the maximum deflection x of the epring, 3/104 ‘The spring is unstretched at the position x = 0. Under thenetion of a force P, the eart moves from the initial position x1 = ~6 in. to tho final position ‘2 = Bin. Determine (a) tho work done on the cart bythe spring and (6) the work done on the cart by its weight, waged ‘3/44 ms soch ae tte patin on ht adit dS SEALS Sd yma me sone meter B tegstrs an elocrcal open ce SDS a, ‘icone eu the hem + it should be noted that the expression just obiained for the potential energy of a body with respect to gravity is valid only as long as the weight of body can be assumed to remain Constant, i.e. as long as the displacements of the body are small compared with the radius of the earth Ris fromthe certenf the eth Potential Energy Uusae =f om ms Fin = 0 aa v= Peal tte th rectly * When Vg2 Vg1, potential energy increases, and U 1-2is, negative. ty Potential Energy of the body <1 — with respect to the elastic - force F + Only the initial and final Aefletion ofthe spring are needed. Deflection ofthe spring is measured from its fon of work and energy Advantages and disadvantages of work and . energy method : * Advantage; 1. No need to calculate values between Aand A.Only final stages are counted 2. All scalars so can be added easily 3. Forces that do no work are ignored + Disadvantage; can not determine accelerations, can not determine accelerations and forces that do no work HAF, AN te ar arsar+ar, &, 31166 Te cern no 8 kg ef tat whe Hictpeing witch nen ines PSS ake 37147 The spring hes ny umsertcd tne of 0.4 od esteiched length of Sim Tee eas b need soem of 200 Nim. Toe 3g cider and stenched (oon fest ot A cet sda pe woe red nae ‘Sprisg are releueed trom meet fA and cae eke ‘Sipacion af ie canna SN fore Colne oe ‘erin! plane, Clsuiac the veloey vot the sides ‘ory © te colar pane ison Impulse and momentum a. Ami) @ S740) * Work and energy is obtained by integrating the she pro a city is defined as the equation of F=ma, with respect to the 4 a The Product of the mass & the velocity is defin displacement of the particle. ‘eer momenta. * Impulse and momentum can be generated by integrating the equation of motion (F=ma) with respect to time. Linear impulse and momentum * Consider a particle of a mass m which is subjected to several forces in space. * Equation (1) states that the resultant of all forces acting on a particle equals its time rate of | « The linear momentum at time tis G=mV.and the change of linear momentum. linear momentum at time tis G=mv. * Itis valid as long as the mass m of the particle. The product of force and time is called linear is not changing with time. impulse. * The scalar components of equation (1) are: * The total linear impulse on a mass m equals the 2F-6, eG, 5 Corresponding change in linear momentum of + The effect of the resultant force on the linear ‘momentum of the m. fat oer ate prog oftine cnply by negra mis ae ara respect ta tme t. ‘ The impulse integrals a vector all Scalar impulse momentum eqns. Us cetly ani csi he li ja (mt), (or, Conservation of linear momentum + If the resultant force on a particle is zero during an interval of time, its linear momentum G remains constant. In this case the linear momentum of a particle is said to be conserved. AG=0 or G,=G, Selution. Sno the rc ot imc teil oo ‘Nek and ballet sd ge theze yop tbe eel tess the ane of matin, falar hth ns © 16-65 9800) Hen 36am ag. ven M2e + asap Thea vee ant i icton ar given by ‘ TOA up TORT TSF = 1689 mi! taneoeed nee Baran ote 16.83 rata Pgular impulse and momentum 7 Tho moment ofa linear momentum vector ab out the origin O is defined as the angular momentum 7, of P fd by the product elation for moment of . ctor: B= Frae * The angular momentum then is a vector perpendicular to the plane A defined by 5g > Det LFeoa A shaaisemiaienisia TH + Thenment abst the fixed pont Oof al feres acting on M eqs the tne rate of charge of onguler momentum of M cbut 0. * The scalar component of angular momentum is A -taahentyy-1shomlys-va)jembys-) iy a ems oy Gl ee ee eee + IF EF represents the resultant of all forces acting on the particies P, the moment Mo about the origin 0 is the vector cross product. + To obtain the effect of moment DM,on the angular momentum of the particle over a finite period of time: PEM ata, a, as, sien 1, isis + The product of moment & time is angular impulse the total ‘angular impulse on M about a fixed point © equals the corresponding change in engular momentum of M about O. Hv fSaar=t, gaervation of angular momentum If the resultant moment about « fixed point O ef ell forces acting on a particle is zero during the interval of time, equetion (*) requires. that its angular momentum H about that point remains constant, All, =0 or I, =H, EX2, A ic of nase monn ih el etn on aerial av nd come gt ‘hing Opin tyra thst « 4 Dra tn lp 1 the partie it pases postion aA G ‘Satple Preblem 5/24 rl rte pci nd ty ni ta yea ia Heyden, it enc liege mein ch mote gs awa ssn Faw91. ty My atau 0-9 el a ney 2 5 ns ogy ong in EX3, Sree acinoun itd car a Stefan pad ip bbe Seer espe Ctebawbenit va era path we ee “IAI ann = Neon sIAI* = 2256. Appin By tz aeeeen Bie = ma Peonn o-) TREE cent eat = Se 4. Apping heel! pays a Impact + It Refers to the collision b/n two bodies and is characterized by the generation of relatively large contact forces that act over a very short interval of time. A, Direct central impact *+ Consider the collinear motion of two spheres of masses m1 and m2 travelling with velocities V1 & V2. If V1 is greater than V2, collision occurs with the contact forces directed along the line of centers, Comers of Anse Monee Sse et 3 8 Be a he ‘tin er ot tap ees fe et es Apengey ah wine y= Os = hm rafjumesde Sig E02) 2540) ye osname i= 20850 iene = + In as much as the contact forces are equal & opposite during impact; the linear momentum of the system remains unchanged, my, +m, “+m,' aa ‘ven masses & initial conditions, the zromentum equation contains two unknowns, y! _* Fr= & v, an additional relationship is required “ine felationship must reflect the capacity of the contacting bodies to recover from the impact & can be expressed by the ratio e of the magnitude Contact force during restoration period * Fd - contact force during deform: Of the restoration impulse to the Magnitude of the deformation impulse. This ratio is o led the Coefficient of restitution, “According to classical theory of impact, the value « The spherical particles of mass m1 & m2 have initial e=1 means that the capacity of the two particles to velocities v1 & v2 in the same plane & approach each Fecover equal their tendency to deform. other on a collision course, + The value e=0, on the other hand describes * The direction of the: velocity vector are measured inelastic or plastic impact where the particles cling from the direction tangent to the contacting together after collision & the loss of energy is a surfaces. maximum. ) Oblique central impact ve * Here the initial and final velocities are not Parallel. stitution, the velocity i | SOmponent inthe n- direction, { eabil=bu i-th ron heat unknown namely, (Vt), ('p, Pain, & (2t ex, 2}.& 3) The momentum for each Particle is conserved | | in the t direction since there is no impulse on either | THE END! Particle in the t-direction | MO), =m, | i m0), =m,

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