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Genes 2 - (Variation and Adaptation, Inheritance)

The document provides a mock exam paper for Year 8 science students covering genetics topics of variation and adaptation, and inheritance. The paper consists of 10 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions testing knowledge of these genetics concepts, with translations provided in both English and Chinese. Solutions to the questions are provided at the end.

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35 views8 pages

Genes 2 - (Variation and Adaptation, Inheritance)

The document provides a mock exam paper for Year 8 science students covering genetics topics of variation and adaptation, and inheritance. The paper consists of 10 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions testing knowledge of these genetics concepts, with translations provided in both English and Chinese. Solutions to the questions are provided at the end.

Uploaded by

victorwu.uk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science Year 8

Biology
Genes 2: (Variation and adaptation, inheritance)

Sure! Here's a mock exam paper for Year 8 students in Science, covering the topics of
Genes 2: Variation and adaptation, and inheritance. The paper consists of 10
multiple-choice questions and 5 short questions. The paper includes both English and
Traditional Chinese translations for your convenience. Additionally, I have provided
the solutions at the end of the paper.

Mock Exam Paper: Science (Year 8)


Topic: Genes 2: Variation and Adaptation, Inheritance

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (10 marks)

Instructions: Choose the correct answer for each question and mark your choice on
the answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is an example of an inherited trait?


a) Riding a bicycle
b) Speaking a foreign language
c) Eye color
d) Learning to play a musical instrument

2. What is variation?
a) The process of passing traits from parents to offspring
b) The occurrence of different versions of a trait within a population
c) The gradual change of an organism's traits over time
d) The study of genetic material in cells

3. Which of the following is an adaptation for survival in the desert?


a) Long fur to keep warm
b) Large beak for cracking nuts
c) Camouflage to blend in with the surroundings
d) Webbed feet for swimming

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4. What is a genotype?
a) The physical appearance of an organism
b) The combination of genes an organism possesses
c) The study of inherited traits
d) The interaction of genes with the environment

5. Which of the following is an example of natural selection?


a) A bird learning to sing a new song
b) A flower changing its color due to pollution
c) A lizard adapting to its environment by changing its behavior
d) A fish developing a disease

6. What is the purpose of sexual reproduction?


a) To create genetically identical offspring
b) To increase genetic variation in a population
c) To produce offspring without the involvement of parents
d) To produce offspring with identical traits as the parents

7. What is a mutation?
a) The process of inheriting traits from parents
b) A sudden change in an organism's traits caused by genetic factors
c) The adaptation of an organism to its environment
d) The exchange of genetic material between parents

8. Which of the following is an acquired trait?


a) Eye color
b) Height
c) Ability to swim
d) Blood type

9. What is the purpose of DNA in cells?


a) To store energy for cellular processes
b) To transmit electrical signals within the body
c) To control the production of proteins
d) To transport nutrients in the bloodstream

2
10. What is the role of genes in inheritance?
a) Genes determine the physical traits of an organism
b) Genes control an organism's behavior
c) Genes are responsible for the survival of an organism
d) Genes produce energy for cellular activities

Section B: Short Questions (15 marks)

Instructions: Answer the following questions briefly and concisely in the space
provided.

11. Define adaptation and give an example.

12. Explain the difference between inherited traits and acquired traits.

13. List three examples of environmental factors that can cause variation in a
population.

14. What is meant by the term "dominant" in genetics?

15. Describe the process of natural selection.

3
模擬試卷：科學（8 年級）
主題：

基因 2：變異與適應，遺傳

A 部分：多選題（10 分）

說明：選擇每個問題的正確答案，在答題卡上標記你的選擇。

1. 下列哪一項是遺傳特徵的例子？
a) 騎自行車
b) 說外語
c) 眼睛顏色
d) 學習演奏樂器

2. 什麼是變異？
a) 將特徵從父母傳遞給後代的過程
b) 一個族群中同一特徵的不同版本出現
c) 生物特徵隨時間逐漸變化
d) 研究細胞中的基因物質

3. 下列哪一項是沙漠生存的適應？
a) 長毛保暖
b) 大嘴巴砸開堅果
c) 伪装以融入周圍環境
d) 具有蹼足用於游泳

4. 什麼是基因型？
a) 生物的外觀特徵
b) 生物擁有的基因組合
c) 研究遺傳特徵
d) 基因與環境的相互作用

5. 下列哪一項是自然選擇的例子？
a) 鳥兒學會唱一首新歌
b) 花朵因污染而改變顏色
c) 蜥蜴通過改變行為適應環境
d) 魚類出現疾病
4
6. 有性生殖的目的是什麼？
a) 創造基因相同的後代
b) 增加族群的基因變異性
c) 不需要父母參與生產後代
d) 生產具有與父母相同特徵的後代

7. 什麼是突變？
a) 從父母那裡繼承特徵的過程
b) 由基因因素引起的生物特徵的突然變化
c) 生物對環境的適應
d) 父母之間的基因交換

8. 下列哪一項是後天獲得的特徵？
a) 眼睛顏色
b) 身高
c) 游泳能力
d) 血型

9. 細胞中的 DNA 的作用是什麼？


a) 儲存細胞運作所需的能量
b) 在體內傳遞電信號
c) 控制蛋白質的產生
d) 在血液中運輸營養物質

10. 基因在遺傳中的作用是什麼？
a) 基因決定生物的外觀特徵
b) 基因控制生物的行為
c) 基因負責生物的生存
d) 基因為細胞活動提供能量

B 部分：簡答題（15 分）

說明：在提供的空間中簡要回答以下問題。

11. 定義適應並給出一個例子。

12. 解釋遺傳特徵和後天獲得特徵之間的區別。
5
13. 列舉三個可以導致族群變異的環境因素的例子。

14. 在遺傳學中，「優勢」一詞是什麼意思？

15. 描述自然選擇的過程。

6
Genes 2: (Variation and adaptation, inheritance)
Solutions:

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions


1. c) Eye color
2. b) The occurrence of different versions of a trait within a population
3. c) Camouflage to blend in with the surroundings
4. b) The combination of genes an organism possesses
5. c) A lizard adapting to its environment by changing its behavior
6. b) To increase genetic variation in a population
7. b) A sudden change in an organism's traits caused by genetic factors
8. c) Ability to swim
9. c) To control the production of proteins
10. a) Genes determine the physical traits of an organism

Section B: Short Questions


11. Adaptation refers to the process by which organisms develop traits that allow
them to survive and thrive in their environment. For example, the long neck of a
giraffe is an adaptation that helps it reach leaves on tall trees.
12. Inherited traits are traits that are passed down from parents to offspring through
genes. These traits are determined by the genetic information an organism inherits.
Acquired traits, on the other hand, are developed during an organism's lifetime as a
result of its experiences or interactions with the environment. They are not inherited
and cannot be passed on to offspring.
13. Three examples of environmental factors that can cause variation in a population
are temperature, availability of food resources, and exposure to sunlight.
14. In genetics, the term "dominant" refers to a trait that is expressed when present
in either one or both copies of the gene. It masks the expression of the recessive trait
when both dominant and recessive alleles are present.
15. Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits that are well-
suited to their environment have a better chance of surviving and reproducing,
passing those advantageous traits to future generations. Over time, this leads

to the gradual adaptation of populations to their environments as less favorable


traits are gradually eliminated.

7
解答：

A 部分：多選題
1. c) 眼睛顏色
2. b) 一個族群中同一特徵的不同版本出現
3. c) 伪装以融入周圍環境
4. b) 生物擁有的基因組合
5. c) 蜥蜴通過改變行為適應環境
6. b) 增加族群的基因變異性
7. b) 由基因因素引起的生物特徵的突然變化
8. c) 游泳能力
9. c) 控制蛋白質的產生
10. a) 基因決定生物的外觀特徵

B 部分：簡答題
11. 適應是指生物發展出能夠使其在環境中生存和繁衍的特徵的過程。例如，長
頸鹿的長脖子是一種適應，它有助於長頸鹿夠到高樹上的葉子。
12. 遺傳特徵是通過基因從父母遺傳給後代的特徵。這些特徵由生物所繼承的基
因信息所決定。相反，後天獲得的特徵是在生物的一生中由於其經歷或與環境
的互動而發展出來的。它們不是遺傳的，也不能傳遞給後代。
13. 造成族群變異的環境因素的三個例子是溫度、食物資源的可用性和陽光的曝
露。
14. 在遺傳學中，「優勢」一詞指的是當一個或兩個基因中存在時表現的特徵。
它掩蓋了在兩個基因中存在時的隱性特徵的表現。
15. 自然選擇是一個過程，通過這個過程，具有適應環境的特徵的生物有更好的
生存和繁衍機會，將這些有利特徵傳遞給後代。隨著時間的推移，這導致族群
逐漸適應其環境，而不利特徵逐漸消失。

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