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Perpectives in Psychology

This document summarizes several perspectives in psychology: 1) The neurobiological perspective views behavior as resulting from internal biological and chemical processes in the brain and body. Brain imaging and studies of neurotransmitters help explain conditions like schizophrenia. 2) The humanistic perspective focuses on subjective experiences, self-image, and human potential for growth. It emphasizes personal responsibility and innate drive for self-actualization. 3) Positive psychology studies human strengths, virtues, and optimal functioning. It examines subjective well-being as well as individual characteristics like courage and social bonds that contribute to group well-being.

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74 views2 pages

Perpectives in Psychology

This document summarizes several perspectives in psychology: 1) The neurobiological perspective views behavior as resulting from internal biological and chemical processes in the brain and body. Brain imaging and studies of neurotransmitters help explain conditions like schizophrenia. 2) The humanistic perspective focuses on subjective experiences, self-image, and human potential for growth. It emphasizes personal responsibility and innate drive for self-actualization. 3) Positive psychology studies human strengths, virtues, and optimal functioning. It examines subjective well-being as well as individual characteristics like courage and social bonds that contribute to group well-being.

Uploaded by

krztnnicole
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHOLOGY

CHAPTER 01: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHOLOGY

PERSPECTIVES HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE

Neurobiological/Biological ▪ behavior is guided by one’s self-image, subjective


Evolutionary perceptions of the world, and needs for personal growth
Behavioral ▪ subjective, conscious experience, human problems,
Psychodynamic potentials, and ideals
Humanistic ▪ self-image and self-actualization = behavior
Cognitive ▪ we are responsible for our own happiness and well-being
Positive ▪ innate capacity for self-actualization
Sociocultural ▪ role of motivation in thought and behavior
▪ Psychologists with a humanist perspective focus on
NEUROBIOLOGICAL/BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE what drives humans to grow, change, and develop.

▪ behavior is a result of internal physical, chemical, and COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE


biological processes
▪ how genetics influence behavior ▪ behavior is understood in terms of the mental processing
▪ how damage to brain affect personality of information
▪ human brain and nervous system = behavior, personality ▪ mental functions – memory, perception, attention
▪ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron ▪ people = computers (input-process-output)
Emission Tomography (PET) scans ▪ Cognitive Psychologists utilize an information-
✓ used to observe the brain processing model to conceptualize how info is
✓ brain damage, drugs, and diseases. acquired, processed, stored, and utilized.
▪ e.g., schizophrenia is affected by levels of dopamine
(neurotransmitter) POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
▪ “What do we know about love, happiness, creativity,
EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE wellbeing, self-confidence, and achievement?”
▪ study of human strengths, virtues, and optimal behavior
▪ behavior is a result of evolution
▪ through evolutionary principles based on natural THREE LEVELS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
selection
▪ behaviors may be sexually selected ✓ feelings of happiness, well-being, and
▪ mind is equipped with instincts for survival and SUBJECTIVE optimism
reproduction ✓ how these feelings transform daily
experiences
BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE

▪ behavior is shaped and controlled by one’s environment INDIVIDUAL ✓ combination of feelings in the
▪ study of observable behavior and effects of learning subjective level
▪ influence of rewards and punishments ✓ forgiveness, love, and courage.
▪ we are the result of our learnings from our environment
▪ S – R principle (stimuli – response)
▪ often applied in mental health settings ✓ positive interaction with community
▪ therapists and counsellors use these techniques for GROUP ✓ altruism and social responsibility for
treating illnesses stronger social bonds

PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
PERMA MODEL BY SELIGMAN
▪ behavior is directed by one’s personality that are often
hidden (the unconscious)
▪ internal impulses, desires, and conflicts
▪ clashing forces within personality
▪ childhood and interpersonal relationships can have an
impact on our behavior as adults
▪ not as dominant today, but a useful psychotherapeutic
tool or treatment for mental illnesses

KNK 1
PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHOLOGY

MAJOR FINDINGS IN POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

▪ Money doesn't necessarily buy well-being, but spending


money on other people can make individuals happier.
▪ People are generally happy.
▪ Some of the best ways to combat disappointments and
setbacks include strong social relationships and
character strengths.
▪ While happiness is influenced by genetics, people can
learn to be happier by developing optimism, gratitude,
and altruism.
▪ Work can be important to well-being, especially when
people are able to engage in work that is purposeful and
meaningful

SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
▪ behavior is influenced by one’s social and cultural context
▪ social and cultural environment = behavior
▪ Psychologists and researchers look at human behavior
across different cultures

INDIVIDUALISTIC ✓ people tend to exert less effort


CULTURES when they are part of a group
(e.g., United (social loafing)
States)

COLLECTIVISTIC ✓ people tend to exert harder when


CULTURES they are part of a group
(e.g., China)

KNK 2

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