Science

Quarter 1-Module 2
Week 2, Law of Interaction
Science - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 2: Law of Interaction
Revised Copy 2021

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Telephone Nos. :(032) 2551516
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 8
Science
Quarter 1-Module 2
Week 2, Law of Interaction
 Lesson Law of Interaction

Quarter : First Quarter

Content Standard : The learners demonstrate understanding of the
Newton’s three laws of motion and uniform circular motion
Performance Standard : The learners should be able to develop a written
plan and implement a “Newton’s Olympics”
Competency : The learners should be able to infer that when a body
exerts a force on another, an equal amount of force is
exerted back on it. (S8FE-Ia-16)
Duration : Week 2

What I Need to Know

From the previous module, you learned the two of the three governing laws on the
motion of objects by Sir Isaac Newton. Inertia provides the object’s resistance to change in
their state of motion as stipulated in the first law. On the other hand, Newton’s second law of
motion describes what happens when an external force acts upon a massive body or object
at rest or in moving at constant velocity. Do you wonder why you can jump off the ground
despite gravity always pulling you down? This question relates to the one of the Newton’s laws
of motion which is the law of interaction. The law further explains what happens to the object
from which the external force is being applied. To grasp understanding of this law let’s be
guided by the learning goals in this session below.

Objectives:

1. State the law of interaction.

2. Describe the action and reaction forces.
3. Apply the concept of the law of interaction in real life situations.

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 What I Know
Pre-assessment
Directions: Read and understand each question below. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. How do you compare the two forces involved when you are pushing the wall?
A. equal B. greater C. lesser D. zero
2. What kind of force is being described in Newton’s third law of motion?
A. net force C. centripetal force
B. balanced forces D. action-reaction forces
3. Which is a reaction force when walking?
A. Feet sliding backwards C. Ground pushing the feet forward
B. Ground moving backwards D. Feet pushing the ground backwards
4. While you are riding in a motorcycle, a small bug hits your helmet. Which has the greater
force?
A. helmet B. motorcycle C. small bug D. none of these
5. When a horse pulls a wagon, what force causes the horse to move forward? It is the force
that the ___________.
A. horse exerts on the ground C. ground exerts on the horse
B. horse exerts on the wagon D. wagon exerts on the horse
6. A woman exerts a force of 500 N on the floor. What is the force exerted by the floor to the
woman?
A. 50 N B. 100 N C. 250 N D. 500 N
7. Which statement describes the forces of a swimmer while swimming in a pool?
A. The reaction force is what moves the swimmer forward.
B. The action force is the push of the swimmer's hands and feet in the water.
C. The reaction force is the push of the water on the swimmer’s hands and feet.
D. All of the above
8. How do action-reaction forces differ from balanced-unbalanced forces? Action- reaction
forces ___________while balanced-unbalanced forces ___________.
A. act on different objects; act on the same object
B. act in one line of action; act in two line of actions
C. are opposite in their directions; the same in their directions
D. are unequal size or magnitude; have equal size or magnitude
9.Why is it that two equal and opposite forces don’t cancel out each other in the law of
interaction? It is because the two forces ____________.
A. act in the same direction C. have different magnitudes
B. act on different systems D. act in perpendicular directions
10. A book exerts a force of 2N downwards into a chair. The chair exerts a force of 5N
downwards to the floor it stands on. What is the force that the floor exerts upwards on the
chair?
A. 2N B. 5N C. 7 N D. 9 N
11. A big ship crashed into a small boat. What could be the force exerted by the ship on the
boat during the collision? The force exerted by the ship on the boat was____________.
A. equal to the force the boat exerted on the ship
B. less than the force the boat exerted on the ship
C. greater than the force the boat exerted on the ship
D. related to the force on the boat in a way that depends on the nature of the collision
12. What does the Newton’s third law state? Newton's third law states that any action will have
a(n) ____________ and ____________ reaction.
A. equal and similar C. equal and opposite
B. equal and different D. greater and opposite

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 13. Which is TRUE about the two forces in the law of interaction? Action and reaction force
pairs occur _____________.
A. when there is motion C. at the time when there is no motion
B. whether there is motion or not D. only when the forces are unbalanced
14. A player hits a ball with a bat. The action force is the impact of the bat against the ball.
What is the reaction to this force?
A. The weight of the ball C. The force of the ball against the bat
B. Air resistance on the ball D. The grip of the player’s hand against the ball
15. How do forces always occur? Forces always occur .
A. in pairs C. as single quantities
B. in triplets D. when velocities are constant

What’s In
Let’s take a quick review of what you have learned from the previous module. This
will surely help you get connected to the next topic.

Directions: Do the following as directed on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Identify the words by dialing the numbers on the keypad. Decoding the numbers will
reveal the terms you have learned previously. Use the clues to reveal your answers.
The words for number 1 are already given as an example.

1. 47222 639866 ISAAC NEWTON

(formulated the laws of motion)

2. 36723
(a push or pull exerted on an object)
3. 668466
(change in object’s location or position)
4. 4637844
(object’s resistance)

5. 222353728466
(change in velocity of an object with respect to time)

B. Use the words in numbers 1-5 in constructing 1-2 sentences about the concepts you
learned from the previous module.

C. Completion. Write the word/s that complete/s the statements.

1. An object at (a) will remain at rest, while an object in (b) will

continue moving with constant (c) unless acted upon by the
(d) unbalanced force.

2. The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the (a) its
acceleration. The (b) the mass of an object, the lesser it will accelerate
when a given force is applied.

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 What’s New
The force can do changes on the motion of the object. What will happen to the object
being applied with an external force? What do you think is the Newton’s third law of motion or
the law of interaction all about?

Let’s Get Started!

Activity
Law of Interaction

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES: Do this activity with strict supervision of your parents or

guardians.

Directions: Do the procedure as directed and write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
A. Striking the table with hand.

1. Get a chair and hit it with your hand by applying a tolerable amount of force.

Questions:
a. What have you applied on the chair as you hit it? ___________________________

b. What did you feel when you hit the chair by your hand? ______________________

c. Do you think that the chair is also applying force on your hand? Why?
___________________________________________________________________
d. Are the two forces equal in magnitude? Why?
___________________________________________________________________

e. What are the two forces involved in this activity?___________________________

f. Which of the forces is considered as action force? Reaction force?

g. What object is acted upon by the action force? What object is acted upon by the
reaction force?______________________________________________________
h. To what direction that the action and reaction force are applied to the objects?
________________________________________________________________
i. How do you describe the magnitude and direction of the action and reaction force?
________________________________________________________________

The law of interaction states that

_________________________________________________________________________

What is It
Do you know that….
Whenever an object exerts a force upon the second object, the second object exerts
an equal and opposite force to the first object. This is what Newton’s third law of motion or the
law of interaction is all about. In the activity Hitting the Chair, the hand applies an action

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force at the same time the chair exerted an equal force but opposite reaction force on your
hand that caused the pain.

Action force (hand hits the chair)

Reaction force (chair hits the hand)

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In an interaction, forces always come in pairs, the action and reaction force, which
means there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting objects. One object cannot exert
a force on another without experiencing the same strength force in return.

This application of the forces made by the objects happens at the same time being
done in different objects as reflected in the illustration. This interaction is not the same with
the balanced and unbalanced forces you learned in the previous module. Note the differences
between the two forces.

Action-Reaction forces Balanced and Unbalanced forces

Two forces are equal in size. Two forces are equal in size.
The forces are opposite in terms of The forces are opposite in terms of
direction. direction.
Two forces have the same line of Two forces act along in the same line of
action. action.
Action acts on one object while reaction Two forces act upon the same object.
acts another object.

Unlike balanced ad unbalanced forces, the action-reaction forces do not cancel out
although they have equal magnitude and opposite directions, that’s because they act on
different objects. Forces can cancel only if they act on the same object. For example, if you
apply a force of 4N on the table downward while hitting it, the table likewise exerted a force of
4N upwards on your hand. The law of interaction does not only apply to objects at rest but also
in situations that cause motion like in collisions. While the forces are equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction, the accelerations of the objects are not necessarily equal in magnitude.
In agreement with the law of acceleration, the acceleration of an object is dependent upon
both force and mass. Thus, if the colliding objects have unequal mass, they will have unequal
acceleration as a result of the contact force during the collision.

What’s More
Let’s En-Rich Our Minds!
Directions: Do the following as directed on a separate sheet of paper.
A. Give the reaction force on each of the following action forces.
Action Force Reaction Force
1. hand pushes the wall
2. bat hits the ball
3. finger presses on the phone screen
4. feet pushes the floor as the man stands on the floor
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 Action Force Reaction Force
5. hammer hits the iron nail
6. swimmer’s hand and feet push the water
backwards as he moves forward in the pool
7. child hits the drum with the sticks
8. person knocks the door
9. tip of the ballpen pushes on the paper as you write
10. eraser pushes the board as the teacher erases
the prints on the board
B. Identify the action force and reaction force on the given situations by describing it. On
the direction column, draw the arrow indicating the direction of the forces.
Situation Action force Direction Reaction force Direction

pixabay.com
1.Rowing the boat

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2. Laptop on the table

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3. Pushing the car

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4. Jumping on the trampoline

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5. walking on the ground

C.
1. Consider the picture at the right side. The car hits the post with a force
of 2,500 N.
How much force is the post exerting on the car? At what direction?

2. A soccer player kicks the ball with 5 N. freesvg.org

a. What is the direction and magnitude of the reaction force?

b. Will the ball be at rest or will it accelerate? Why?

clker.com
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 What I Have Learned
Magnet Words. Think and look for words or phrases associated with the words (Law of
Interaction) in the magnet. Write the words or phrases on the blank spaces
around the magnet. Finally, connect all your answers and come up with a
concrete explanation about the law of interaction. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

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INTERACTION
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do
Directions: Explain the following using the law of interaction concept. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Why do birds fly and rockets move upward?

_____________________________________________________________________
2. When you smile, others smile back to you.
_____________________________________________________________________

3. 'Do unto others what you want others do unto you.'

_____________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Directions: Read and understand each question below. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. An object on a table weighs 100 N. What is the magnitude of each of the two forces
involved? The object pushes __________of force on the table while table pushing exerted a
force of ___________on the object.
A. 0 N; 100 N B. 100 N; 0 N C. 50 N; 100 N D. 100 N; 100N
2. Which of the following is an example of Newton's third law of motion?
A. sitting in a chair C. Both A and B
B. hitting a baseball with a bat D. none of these
3. A flower vase is on top of the table. What is the reaction force to the weight of the flower
vase? It is the force that the _____________.
A. earth exerts on the flower vase C. flower vase exerts on the table
B. table exerts on the flower vase D. flower vase exerts on the earth
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4. What is the reaction force when you walk on the ground? When you walk on the ground and
push it with your feet, ____________.
A. there is no effect on the ground
B. the ground pushes back less strongly than your feet
C. the ground pushes back more strongly than your feet
D. the ground pushes back on your feet with equal force
5. How much force is exerted back on you when you hit a wall with a force of 250 N?
A. 150 N B. 200 N C. 250 N D. 300 N
6. How does a reaction force apply to an action force? When an action force occurs, the
reaction force is always ______________.
A. equal and opposite to the action force
B. in the same direction as the action force
C. applied to the same object as the action force
D. both A and B
7. When you stand on the floor, the force of your body is pushing down on the floor. What is
the reaction force exerted to your body? The action force is ___________.
A. a reaction to the floor pushing up
B. matched by the floor pushing up on your body
C. less than the reaction force applied by the floor
D. none of the above
8. When a frog jumps, the frog’s action force acts on the ground. What is the reaction force?
The reaction force _______________.
A. acts on the frog C. is greater than the action force
B. is exerted by the ground D. both A and B
9. A box exerts a force of 4 N downwards into a shelf. The shelf exerts a force of 8N
downwards to the floor. What is the force that the floor exerts on the shelf?
A. 4N B. 8N C. 10 N D. 12 N
10. What is the reaction force when you hit the wall with a stick? The reaction force is the .
A. push against the hand C. push against the stick
B. wall pushing against you D. wall pushing against the stick
11. What is Newton’s third law of motion? Newton's third law of motion states that whenever
one object exerts a force on a second object, the ____________.
A. first object is unaffected by that force
B. second object exerts a less powerful force on the first object
C. second object exerts an equal and opposite force on a third object
D. second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object
12. Why do action-reaction forces are not balanced? It is because they ______________.
A. are unequal in strength C. cancel each other out
B. act in the same direction D. act on different objects
13. When do action-reaction force pairs occur? They occur __________________.
A. only when there is motion C. whether there is motion or not
B. only when there is no motion D. only when the forces are unbalanced
14. What will happen to the nail when a hammer strikes and exerts force on it? The nail _____.
A. disappears into the wood C. creates a friction with the hammer
B. moves at a constant speed D. exerts an equal force back on the hammer
15. A baseball player hits a ball with a force of 1000N. What is the magnitude of the reaction
force of the ball? It is _____________.
A. equal to 1000 N C. more than 1000 N
B. less than 1000 N D. lesser or equal to 1000 N

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 Additional Activities
Directions: Do the following as directed.
1. Draw two situations showing action and reaction forces.
2. Describe the action and reaction forces in each situation.
3. Indicate the direction of the forces by using arrows on the drawing.
4. Explain the situation using the law of interaction in your own words.
5. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Action force: Action force:

Reaction force: Reaction force:

Explanation: Explanation:

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References

Aquino, Marites D., et al. Science Links 8 Teacher’s Resource Material. Philippines: REX
Book Store, 2013.
Campo, Pia C.,et.al. Science 8 Learner's Module First Edition. Philippines: Department of
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publicdomain
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9, 2020. https://bit.ly/2CgCz2g
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gymnastics-boy-girl-4770179/
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Magnet. Accessed July 20, 2020. https://freesvg.org/1489651193

Physics. “Interaction Worksheet Solutions.” Accessed July 9, 2020.
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2004/modelingmotion/winter/Worksheets/Week5InteractionsWorksheet.pdf

Pushing a car. Accessed July 9, 2020. https://pixabay.com/vectors/pushing-man-car-

silhouette-engine-3839062/

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Science Online. “Newton’s Third Law.” Accessed July 12, 2020.

https://www.centergrove.k12.in.us/cms/lib4/IN01000850/Centricity/domain/510/4th
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Soccer player kicking a soccer ball clipart. Accessed July 10, 2020.
http://www.clker.com/clipart-soccer-player-kicking-a-soccer-ball.html

Student raising his hand. Accessed July 5, 2020. https://publicdomainvectors.org/en/free-

clipart/Raised-hand-student-vector-image/82847.html

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Study.com. “Identifying Action and reaction Force Pairs.” Accessed July 9. 2020.
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Answer Key

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Printed in the Philippines by : Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Office Address : New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City
Telephone Nos. : (032) 2551516
E-mail Address : [email protected]

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