9

SCIENCE 9
Quarter 4 – Week 2:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
ANGLE OF RELEASE AND THE
HEIGHT AND RANGE OF THE
PROJECTILE
Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Week 2: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANGLE OF RELEASE AND THE
HEIGHT AND RANGE OF THE PROJECTILES

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 9

SCIENCE 9
Quarter 4 – Week 2:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
ANGLE OF RELEASE AND THE
HEIGHT AND RANGE OF THE
PROJECTILE
Introductory Message
An Alternative Delivery Mode is designed for the “New Normal” approach in
teaching-learning process. This mode of learning materials helps the students as well
as the teachers the teaching-learning process in a social distancing. In this module the
learners must obtained the objectives of the lessons through his/her own learning
process or he/she can be guided with his/her parents, elder siblings, any relatives,
friends or with his/her guardians. In answering the activities, pre-test and post-test in
this module, the learners should write his/her answer in a separate sheet of paper.
The answer sheet must be compiled in a short folder with corresponding name, grade
and section. This module will be answered for two to three days. One lesson must be
learned and understand. In this module each learner will develop their comprehension
hence, the level of languages used is easy to understand. Learners should also
enhance their reading ability. In reading and doing the activity in this module
learners should investigate the relationship between the angle of release and the
height and range of the projectile.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

A little history of projectile motion:

 It was Galileo who first accurately described projectile motion.
 He showed that it could be understood by analyzing the horizontal and
vertical components separately.

Recall Newton’s Law of Motion

1. An object maintains a constant velocity unless acted upon by force. (A
force produces acceleration).
𝐹
2. Acceleration is given by 𝑎 =
𝑚
3. Every force is accompanied by an equal but opposite force action on the
body for the same time.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify and explain the properties of a projectile, such as acceleration due to
gravity, range, maximum height and trajectory;
2. determine the location and velocity of a projectile at different points in its
trajectory; and
3. apply the principle of independence of motion to solve projectile motion
problem.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. A cannon fires a cannonball with the initial velocity of 30 m/s at an angle of 60

degrees to the horizontal. If air resistance is negligible, the amount of time the
cannonball remains in the air is ______.
a. 2.6 s b. 3.0 s c. 5.2 s d. 6.0s
2. An object is thrown off of a cliff 320 m above level ground with an initial horizontal
velocity of 20 m/s. The amount of time it takes to strike the ground is most nearly.
a. 2 s b. 4 s c. 8 s d. 12 s
3.A basketball is thrown upwards on an arc at a 60 degree angle with the horizontal.
If the velocity of the ball is 5 m/s how fast the thrower run to catch the ball after it is
released?
a. 2.5 m/s b. 5.0 m/s c. 20 m/s d. 4.3 m/s

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4. A ball is launched from ground level with an initial upward velocity of 20 m/s and
an initial horizontal velocity of 30 m/s. How far from its starting position does the ball
land assuming the ground is level?
a. 30 m b. 120 m c. 60 m d. 150 m
5. A ball is thrown horizontally 20 m above the ground with a velocity of 5 m/s.
How far from the base of the cliff will the ball land?
a. 5.6 m b. 10 m c. 18.4 m d. 9.2 m

LESSON
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANGLE OF
1 RELEASE AND THE HEIGHT AND RANGE OF
PROJECTILES

What is It
If gravity were not present, a projectile would travel in a constant straight line.
However, the presence of gravity forces projectiles to travel in a parabolic trajectory,
thus, gravity accelerates objects downwards.
The factors that affect the trajectory are:
1. Angle of projection
2. Projection velocity
3. Relative height of projection.

Projectile motion is a form of motion in which an object moves in a bilaterally

symmetrical and parabolic path. The path traced by the object is called its trajectory.
Projectile motion occurs only when there is some force applied at the beginning on the
trajectory. After this initial thrust, the only interference is from gravity. In real life,
many applications are found using projectile motion.

Vertical and Horizontal Components of Velocity

When a particle is projected under gravity at a velocity u at an angle θ to the
horizontal (neglecting air resistance) it follows the curve of a parabola.

Fig.1 - https://www.a-levelphysicstutor.com/images/linearmotion/proj-co

The particle has an initial horizontal speed of ucos θ , which is unchanged

throughout the motion.

Vertically the particle has an initial speed using ucosθ. It falls under gravity and
is accelerated downwards with an acceleration of g ms-1, where g = 9.8 ms-2 (approx.)

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Many physical terms are computed in projectile motile. Some of these:
1. Initial Velocity
The initial velocity can be expressed as x component and y components:
𝒖𝒙 = 𝒖 ∙ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝒖𝒚 = 𝒖 ∙ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Whereas:
𝑢𝑥 is the horizontal component of velocity u is the velocity magnitude
𝑢𝑦 is the vertical component of velocity θ is the projectile angle
2. Angle of projection
The angle at the projectile body is thrown is called Optimum Projectile Angle or Angle
of Projection.
 If Relative Projection Height = 0, the optimum angle = 45°.
 If Relative Projection Height > 0, the optimum angle < 45°.
 If Relative Projection Height < 0, the optimum angle > 45°.

Figure 2 - https://www.scienceworld.ca/resource/pop-bottle-rocket-part-ii-projectile-motion/
3. Time of flight
The time of flight of a projectile motion is the time from when the object is projected to
the time it reaches the surface. Time (T) depends on the initial velocity magnitude and
the angle of the projectile:
𝟐∙𝒖𝒚 𝒖∙𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝑻= Or 𝑻 = 𝒈
𝒈
4. Velocity
The horizontal velocity remains constant, but the vertical velocity varies linearly
because the acceleration is constant. At any time, t, the velocity is:
𝒖𝒙 = 𝒖 ∙ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 Or 𝒖𝒙 = 𝒖 ∙ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − 𝒈 ∙ 𝒕
5. Maximum Height Attained (H)
The maximum height is reached when v-y =0. Using this we can rearrange the velocity
equation to find the time it will take for the object to reach maximum height.
𝒖𝟐 ∙ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝑯=
𝟐∙𝒈
6. Range
The range, R, which is the horizontal distance than the projectile travels. Range is the
total horizontal distance covered during the time of flight.
𝑹 = (𝒖 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽) 𝒕

Problem1: A man can swim at a speed of 4.0 km/h in still water. How long does he take
to cross a river 1.0 km wide if the river flows steadily at 3.0 km/h and he makes his
strokes normal to the river current? How far down the river does he go when he reaches
the other bank?

Solution: Speed of the man = 4 km/h and width of the river = 1 km

Time taken to cross the river = Width of the river / Speed of the river
= 1/4 h = 1/4 × 60 = 15 minutes

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Speed of the river, vr = 3 km/h
Distance covered with flow of the river = vr × t
= 3 × 1/3 = 1/4
= 3/4 × 1000 = 750 m

Problem 2: Jhonson is standing on the top of the building and John is standing down.
If Jhonson tosses a ball with a velocity 30 m/s and at the angle of 70° then at the time
3s what height will the ball reach?

Solution:
Given:
Vyo = 30 m/s Δ t = 3s
The Vertical velocity in the y-direction is expressed as
Vy = Vyo sin 70°
Vy = 30 sin 70
Vy = 23.22 m/s

LESSON

2 SOLVING PROJECTILE MOTION

What’s More

Title of the Activity: LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE

Most Essential Learning Competency: Investigate the relationship between the angle
of release and the height and the range of the projectile.
K to 12 BEC CG: S9FE-IVa-35

Direction: Calculate what is being asked in each projectile motion

problem. Show your solutions on the space provided or you may use extra
paper if needed.

Equations for the Horizontal Motion Equations for the Vertical Motion of a
of a Projectile Projectile
x = vixt + 1/2 axt2 y = viyt + 1/2 ayt2
vfx = vix + axt vfy = viy + ayt
vfx2 = vix2 + 2axx vfy2 = viy2 + 2ayy
Where: x= horizontal displacement Where: y= vertical displacement
ax= horizontal acceleration ay= vertical acceleration
t= time t= time
Vfx=final horizontal velocity Vfx=final vertical velocity
Vix= initial horizontal velocity Vix= initial vertical velocity

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1. A projectile is launched from point O at an angle of 22° with an initial velocity of 15
m/s up an incline plane that makes an angle of 10° with the horizontal. The projectile
hits the incline plane at point M.
a) Find the time it takes for the projectile to hit the incline plane.
b) Find the distance OM.

http://www.problemsphysics.com/mechanics/projectile/projectile_problems.html

What I Have Learned

Newton’s first law states that, if a body at rest or moving at a constant speed in a
straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed
unless it is acted upon by a force. This postulate is known as the law of inertia.

X-Axis and Y-Axis Relationship

1. Projectile motion problems end at the same time.

2. When the object is done falling it is also done going forward for our
calculations.
3. Deciding how to find time with the X givens or Y givens is the first step to
most horizontal projectile motion problems.

Two ways to find time:

1. If you have the Y displacement you can find time using Y axis givens. Don't
forget that viy = 0 m/s and g = 9.8 m/𝑠2 down.
2. If you have horizontal velocity (vx) and X axis displacement (X), you can find
time in this axis.

What I Can Do

A basketball is a projectile when it is shot. The projectile motion causes the ball
to swish through the basket even though you are shooting forward and upwards.

If we lived in zero gravity, the projectile motion would not be the same and the
ball would continue to go at a constant speed and straight line upwards forever. We
know this because of Newton’s 1st law. Therefore playing basketball in space would be
pointless and near impossible, because there is no gravity and air friction so the ball
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would continue to go up after you release it.

The closer you are to the basket, the less horizontal distance that the ball needs
to cover. Therefore, you don't need to push the ball out. Since a free throw is further
from the basket, you will need to push the ball. A layup, which would need more
vertical force than horizontal would be different than a free throw. The best players are
best able to calculate the horizontal and vertical force needed to make the shot.

Assessment

Direction: Calculate what is being asked in each projectile motion

problem. Show your solutions on the space provided or you may use extra
paper if needed.

An object is projected horizontally at 30 m/s-1 from the top of a building which is 40m
high. Find:
a.
(a) The time it takes the object to reach the ground.

(b) The horizontal distance from the base of the wall to the
landing point.

(c) The time when the object passes a window 25m above the
ground.

(d) The objects height above the ground after 2 seconds.

b. Consider only the vertical component

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 7
What's More
What I Know Assessment
1. 1. Given
2. X Component
3.
x = V0 cos(θ) t
4.
θ = 22 + 10 = 32° Y
5.
Component
y = V0 sin(θ) t - (1/2) g t2 a)
V0 = 15 m/s
a) tan(10°)= V0 sin(θ) t -
(1/2) g t2
V0 cos(θ) t
V0 sin(θ) t - (1/2) g t2 =
b)
V0 cos(θ) t tan(10°)
½ gt = V0 cos(θ) t tan(10°) -
V0 sin(θ)
c)
Solve for t
t= V0 sin(θ) - V0
cos(θ) tan(10°)
0.5 g = 15
sin(32°) - 15 cos(32°)
tan(10°)
0.5 (9.8) = 1.16 s
b) OM = √[ (V0 cos(θ) t)2 + (
V0 sin(θ) t - (1/2) g t2)2 ]
OM (t=1.16)= √[ (15 cos(32)
1.16)2 + ( 15 sin(32) 1.16 -
(1/2) 9.8 (1.16)2)2 ] = 15
meters d)
Answer Key
References

Alvarez, iLiza iA. iEt. iAl. iScience i9 iLearner’s iModule

De ila iPeña iand iFerrer i(1999) iScience iand iTechnology iIV, iPhoenix iPublishing
iHouse, iInc. iQuezon iCity.

DEPED iScience i9 iLearner’s iModule iand iTeacher’s iGuide

Halliday, iD., iResnick, iR. iand iKrane, iK. i(1994). iFundamentals iof iphysics.
iSingapore: iJohn iWiley i& iSons iInc

Jones, iAndrew iZimmerman. i"The iPhysics iof ia iCar iCollision." iThought iCo, iFeb.
i11, i2020, ithoughtco.com/what-is-the-physics-of-a-car-collision-2698920.

Mamaril, Chloe, et. Al. Science for Millennials Grade 9, Salinlahi Publishing House
Inc. 2018

Padua, Alicia L., et. Al. Practical and Explorational Physics Modular Approach, Vibal
Publishing House, Inc.

Silverio, Angelina A., et. Al. (2013). Physics: Exploring Life Through Science, Second
Edition. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

Private Educational Assistance Committee Junior High School Trainers. (2019).

Learning Module Science G9 Q4: Force, Motion and Energy. Retrieved from PEAC:
peac.org.ph

Unpublished

Contextualized Science Module in Grade 9 by Aguinaldo, Cristina, et. Al.

Weblinks:

https://projectilemotioninbasketball.weebly.com/projectile-motion-in-basketball.html
https://www.stickmanphysics.com/stickman-physics-home/two-dimensional-
motion/horizontal-projectile-motion/
https://sciencestruck.com/projectile-motion-with-real-life-examples

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 WORKSHEET
2 PROJECTILE MOTION
Name:_____________________________________________ Date:_________
Grade/Section:_______________________________________ Score:________
Title of the Activity: PROJECTILE MOTION
Most Essential Learning Competency: Investigate the relationship between the angle of
release and the height and the range of the projectile.

K to 12 BEC CG: S9FE-IVa-35

Direction: Solve the following problem using the kinematic equations below.
Equations for the Horizontal Equations for the Vertical
Motion of a Projectile Motion of a Projectile
x = vixt + 1/2 axt2 y = viyt + 1/2 ayt2
vfx = vix + axt vfy = viy + ayt
vfx2 = vix2 + 2axx vfy2 = viy2 + 2ayy
Where: x= horizontal Where: y= vertical displacement
displacement ay= vertical acceleration
ax= horizontal acceleration t= time
t= time Vfx=final vertical velocity
Vfx=final horizontal velocity Vix= initial vertical velocity
Vix= initial horizontal velocity

Problem Solving I
A projectile is launched at an angle to the horizontal and rises upwards to a
peak while moving horizontally. Upon reaching the peak, the projectile falls with a
motion that is symmetrical to its path upwards to the peak. Predictable unknowns
include the time of flight, the horizontal range, and the height of the projectile when it
is at its peak

Figure 1 - Projectile motion Source:

https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images

A. A football is kicked with an initial velocity of 25 m/s at an angle of 45-degrees

with the horizontal. Determine the time of flight, the horizontal distance, and
the peak height of the football.

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B. A long jumper leaves the ground with an initial velocity of 12 m/s at an angle of
28-degrees above the horizontal. Determine the time of flight, the horizontal
distance, and the peak height of the long-jumper.

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