CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study

Information technology is playing a crucial role in the development of modern society. The

previous century was considered as the rising of information and communication while this

century is characterized by the increasing development of Web-Based Information Systems for

social and organizational sectors, it has transformed the whole world into a global village.

Web-Based Information System (WBIS) is based on web technologies that share different types

of protocols and play an important role in gathering, storing, collecting, and communicating data

from different sources and delivering it to users in real time.

The speed and efficiency of Web-Based Information System which includes both local and

global networks, databases, and different types of program information processing makes

organizational life easier for both workers and students. The web-based applications maintain

operations of management by integrating quality management processes, the life cycle of

organizational (school) goals, and implementing and sharing academic plans.

Education is the way toward achieving a generally lasting change in human conduct. It is the

primary instrument used to safeguard, keep up and overhaul people’s culture, standards and

qualities. In any developing country, education is a veritable device for deciding innovative

headway and passing on to the new ages, the current learning of the physical condition. Training

likewise fills in as stage for presenting people to any association, giving aptitudes for performing

day by day employments, recreation just as teaching sound ethics in the individuals for their own

advantage and that of the general public. In synopsis, training is the stage on which more

youthful age comprehend the past legacy just as take an interest and contribute seriously to the

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development and advancement of the general public. Conventionally, education has been

practiced across the world in segregated buildings by carefully regimented and standardized

classes of students and teachers. This has a consequential effect on both the teacher and the

learner. For instance, education is verifiably limited distinctly to the individuals who could be in

the classroom and pursue the instructor unbendingly with the pace by which he introduces his

lectures, the ever increasing population explosion all over the continent and different educational

system in every region of the world brought greater challenges to this method of education. For

instance, there is an issue of lacking number of human and material assets to cater for the

training of the enormous populace. The number of inhabitants in school age resident in many

spots has developed immensely to the degree that solitary a little rate can be offered admission.

The student – lecturer and student-classroom ratios have grown to the extent that teaching and

learning in the classroom have been less effective. The field of education therefore provides the

most fascinating application of computing system, which has consequently attracted considerable

attention from educationists and policy makers since the late 1960s when computers were

introduced into classrooms. Various information technologies have been applied in learning and

teaching, such as Computer Aided Instruction, (CAI), Computer Aided Learning (CAL),

Research Packages, Project Monitoring, and Computerized Libraries and so on. As a result of

technological advancement in multimedia technology, computer networks and the Internet,

computers are now being applied in distance learning premised on on-line and real time teaching

and instruction.

The design and implementation of a hybrid schooling management system to enhance data

driven decisions will be employed by schools to improve their educational services to society,

parents, and citizens. Current and accurate school information can be retrieved from the school

management portal. The school can publish different types of information through the website
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such as programs, events, PTA, Admission lists, Appraisals for best and record-breaking

students, and other activities. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that despite the immense benefits

accruable from an efficient WBIS, most schools in this clime, and in particular Nigeria are yet to

tap into the potential of this system. This technological shortfall as identified is what had brought

about the need for the design and implementation of a hybrid schooling management system to

enhance data-driven decisions.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Presently in most Nigerian schools, records are being keeping manually on papers for both the

students and the staff which are highly unsecured and they can be destroyed or altered easily.

Moreover, all the processing of those records is also highly time consuming. Likewise, the result

computations and compilations are very tedious and cumbersome task that is associated with a

lot human errors. It takes much time before processing the students’ tests, assignments and

exams to produce report for a class which is one of the reason why students’ results are not given

to them on the specified time (end of term), hence, this difficult task affects the teachers’

preparations against next term since they covered their work very late.

This problem is due to the lack of systematic data arrangement in the school and student

management system.

1.3 Objective of the project

The main aim of the study is to design and implement a hybrid schooling management system to

enhance data-driven decisions. The specific objectives are:

i. To comprehensively review the current school management system used in Nigerian schools.

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ii. To propose and develop school management system that can be utilized by the educational

sector.

iii. To test and validate the proposed system using various techniques (interview and document

analysis).

1.4 Scope of the study

The project is a Web-Based Information System designed with cutting-edge technologies that

will be used to manage and capture the administration and activities of the school and all its

departments.

1.5 Significance of the study

It is hoped that this project will provide necessary information that will enhance activities and

programs towards the implementation of a hybrid schooling management system to enhance

data-driven decisions Furthermore, the findings will also be relevant to those who intend to carry

out a similar research topic as it has contributed to the existing literature. Finally, the research

will serve as a fuel of new reasoning and further research work on knowledge, attitude and

practices of students, lecturers and the Nigerian school owners.

1.6 Justification of the Study

The proposed Hybrid Schooling Management System that will be designed to manage and

capture all application administration and activities of the school and all the departments. This is

will provide for the following:

i. An integrated data management system that will ease the workflow of school

administration

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ii. Automated attendance management and reporting to parent/wards

iii. Virtual classrooms

iv. Staff management system

1.7 Definition of terms

i. School Management System (SMS): An information system for managing students and

teacher’s resources in a school.

ii. Student: A student or pupil is a learner or someone who attends an educational institution. In

Britain those attending university are termed "students". In the United States, and more recently

also in Britain, the term "student" is applied to both categories

iii. Automate: to run or operate something using instead of people or to run/operate (something,

as system) by using machines, computers etc., instead of people to do the work.

v. Data: Data is a raw fact that describes object.

vi. Database: A collection of interrelated data stored together with controlled redundancy to

serve one or more applications, the data are stored so that they are independent of programs

which use the data a common and controlled approach in used in adding new data and in

modifying and retrieving existing data within it.

vii. Hybrid learning: Hybrid learning is an educational model where some students attend class

in-person, while others join the class virtually from home. Educators teach remote and in-person

students at the same time using tools like video conferencing hardware and software.

viii: Data-driven systems: Data-driven systems and applications are specialized software

solutions for acquisition, management, and presentation of information. These systems are

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usually developed using the same software tools, technologies, and processes used for creating

any other type of software.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Current Schools Information Management System in Nigeria

The current school information management system is a manual one, especially in public

school, while few private schools automate their information management system. The

management of data in the post primary schools like any other organisation is a recurring process

that involves the teachers, administrators and students. Manual school management system is a

system which does not need any computer device; all the data is stored manually in form of

paper (Demir, 2006). Although it is widely held that retaining and maintaining paper-based

document is unnecessarily unmanageable and costly, manual paper-based system has been used

ever since paper was originated. In manual school management system, using pen and paper for

attendance record is so cumbersome and strenuous. Also, paper documentations are often

incomplete, because often times the forms are not filled completely and appropriately. Managing

scores and grades is done manually by the teachers which sometimes result into some

irregularities and errors (Atef & Medhat, 2015). Yi & Ping-guang, (2010) observed that

managing school effectively and efficiently needs further attention given the vital roles education

plays in the development of a country. Sangrà & GonzálezSanmamed, (2010) says automation is

the utilisation of every technology to substitute human with machine that can function more

quickly. Therefore, the manual way of delivery is unmanageable and waste energy and it does

not save time and money due to lot of paper work involved that results to inconsistency and

redundancy in the system. Student Evaluation of Teaching (SET) The Student Evaluation of

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Teaching (SET) is a paper or electronic questionnaire, which requires a written or selected

response answer to a series of questions in order to evaluate the instruction of a given subject.

Over the past century, student rating of teaching activities have continued to take precedence in

teaching evaluation systems in many part of the world. However, this is not the case with many

Nigerian schools (Amingad, Poornima, & Arpitha, 2017). A key strength this work is the

provision of a systematic way of making sure that each student participates in evaluating a

subject – teacher before his/her academic results are released. This will enable school

administrator as well as teachers to improve student learning and teaching motivation. The idea

is to integrate both the s/ubject teachers and parents evaluation, so as to have both the academic

records as well as the subject teacher evaluation records thus improving student’s participation.

Kornelis & Ock, (2014) proposed and developed School Management Information System

(SMIS) using Architecture of Integrated Information System (ARIS) and Unified Modeling

Language (UML) to manage SMIS, it was developed for Indonesian National Education

Standards to help schools run efficiently.

Meanwhile, there was no feedback mechanism to bring parents on board as to the management

of their wards. Zhao & Sun, (2014). Umaru Musa Yar'adua College Katsina system by a

computerised system that was developed by Oduntan & Ojoawo, (2018). The purpose of the

system is to centralize information, providing clear mapping and clear language. Subject

management, sending short texts or emails to parents and student attendance were introduced too

but the limitations set in when parents began to complain about not receiving texts or messages

from the school. Amingad, Poornima, & Arpitha, (2017) developed a web-based student

academic records information system which implements a wide range of students’ functionality.

Limitations of this work include: only students use the system; no roles for administrative staffs

and parent. Rashid & Rashid, (2012) presented a distributed system for student result processing.
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Their system emphasizes advantages of distributed system and allows each department to

maintain its database. Limitations of this system include lack of roles for students, parents and

staffs. Their system was also difficult to manage, maintain and upgrade because there was no

mechanism for ease of use and parents were not given access to the system. Jiugen & Ruonan,

(2016) addressed the problems arising from result processing on the intranet, which focuses on

speeding up collection of students’ academic data to expedite processing of results and

testimonials at various levels. It also allows online access of results for students.

2.2 Information System

An information system (IS) is a group of components that interact to produce information. An

information system (IS) is an organized system for the collection, organization, storage and

communication of information. More specifically, it is the study of complementary networks that

people and organizations use to collect, filter, and process, create and distribute data. A computer

information system is a system composed of people and computers that processes or interprets

information. The term is also sometimes used in more restricted senses to refer to only the

software used to run a computerized database or to refer to only a computer system (Hitesh,

2011).

2.2.1 Function of Information System

There are many functions which an information system will do to any organization using

it. The functions are outlined as follows:

i. Support business process

ii. Support decision making

iii. Support competitive advantage

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2.2.2 Types of Information Systems

Information system are categorized in a way to spotlight the major roles each plays in the

operation and management of business in an organization, it can further be divided into two

which are operations and management information system.

2.2.2.1 Operations Support System

Operation support system is the type of system that produce a variety of information product for

internal and external use, moreover they do not emphasize on producing the specific information

that can be used by the managers. Management information system is further required. In this

category, we have the following subdivision of the information system.

• Transaction processing System: this type of systems records and process data resulting from

business transactions, it of two basic way in batch and real-time processing. In batch transaction

data are stored over a period of time and processed periodically while in real time (online), data

are processed immediately after transaction occurs. Example of such system are point- of- sale,

online shopping, or any system that respond immediately i.e. on time can be refer to as (TPS). Is

also a system which operational managers need to keep track of the elementary activities and

transaction of the organization, such as sales, cash deposit and credit decision (Laudon, 2009).

• Process Control System: this type of systems monitors and control physical process in any

organization example, a petroleum refinery uses electronic sensor linked to computer to

continually monitor the process and make instant adjustments.

• Enterprise Collaboration Systems: this type of systems enriches team and workgroup

communications and productivity. E.g. electronic messages, video conferencing etc. (O’Brien &

Marakas, 2010).

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2.2.3 Management Support Systems

Management Support System is a type of system that provides and support effective decision

making by all types of managers and business professionals. Conceptually, several major types

of 20 information system support a variety of decision-making responsibilities. It is further

divided into the following:

1. Management Information System(MIS): this type of system provides information in the form

of report and displays to managers and many business professionals in order to support decision

making easier e.g. production performance, sale results, and sale analysis. It can also be a

computer–based system that takes the row data available through TPS and converts them into

meaningful aggregated form (Valacich et al., 2009).

2. Decision Support System (DSS): this type of system gives direct computer support to

managers and business professional during decision making process e.g. how much product to

manufacture based on the expected sales associated.

3. Executive Information System (EIS): this type of system is use to provide critical information

from a wide variety of internal and external sources to executives and managers e.g.

Competitors’ performance, customer feedback, overall sales (O’Brien & Marakas, 2010).

2.2.4 Component of Information System

Information system has five major components that performs task in a concurrent manner, the

lack of any one component will make the information system groundless, and these main five

components include people, data, hardware, software and Processes.

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1. People: people are the users of information system which are called stakeholders, stakeholders

include management group responsible for the system, the users (end users) inside and outside

the company who will interact with the system, and each user has a vital interest in the

information system which differ from one another.

2. Data: Data is the raw material that an information system transforms into useful information;

an information system can store data in various locations, called tables.

3. Software: Software refers to the program that control the hardware and produce the desired

information or result, it consists of system software and application software.

4. Hardware: Hardware consist of everything in the physical layer of the information system e.g.

servers, workstation etc. (Shally et al, 2006).

5. Processes: processes describe the task and the business function that users, managers, and IT

staff member perform to achieve specific result.

2.2.5 Justification of the Selected Information System

The proposed system is categorized under both MIS and TPS of information system. In order to

implement the “School Management System”, Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) and

Management Information System (MIS) will be combined. TPS is the system that is used at the

operational level (students and staff) whereas; MIS is used in the Managerial Level

(administrator). The proposed information system is both MIS and TPS. Both categories improve

the effectiveness and productivity of the organization. It furthers problems resolving in an

organization, however the proposed system is MIS/TPS, therefore, the most suitable information

system to use in implementing this system is the combination of both.

Several justifications of the proposed system includes;

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1. Paper-based processes

Educational institutions are burdened by cumbersome paperwork and manual processes, and they

find it difficult to maintain records on attendance, fees, admissions, transport, etc., and track the

information they need. Using School Management System, automate academic processes to save

time and reduce staff workload.

2. Online Registration

Students no more have to stand for hours in the queue to pay fees. Simplify registration and fee

collections with online forms, with the ability to send automatic notifications, alerts, and

reminders via email, SMS alerts, and push notifications from mobile devices.

3. Admission and Enrollment

Colleges and Universities are finding it hard to achieve admission and enrollment targets.

Aligning people, processes, and technology with simple & user-friendly cloud-based education

solutions will help institutions to manage information from inquiry and application to admission

and enrollment.

4. Course Management

Designing a course curriculum that can adapt to the changing needs of the institution is crucial.

With a Course, a management system institution can accomplish a lot with limited resources.

Create and track coursework, assignments, and exam papers in a conducive classroom

environment to support the goal of graduating students.

5. Teacher Evaluation

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Tracking the progress of teachers and evaluating the effectiveness of teachers' work is

significant. Teacher evaluation system improves communication and collaboration between

evaluators and teachers. Student’s feedback will measure teachers’ performance in the classroom

and the automated evaluation process improves student learning skills, achievement, and success.

6. Communication and Collaboration

There is apparently no platform to provide seamless communication between students,

administrators, staff, and teachers. Moreover, increasing student discipline incidents happen as a

result of a big communication gap between students and teachers. Web and mobile-based

education management system improves communication through instant notifications and alerts

via email, and SMS, and pushes messages to keep the constituents informed at every step of the

journey to build a relationship and improve student retention.

7. Classroom Management Strategy

Schools are finding it difficult to handle tardy students, and solve indiscipline and behavior

issues. Improve classroom environment with discipline tracking and behavior management

system to easily handle tardy students and uninformed absences.

8. Student Monitoring

Teachers are struggling to monitor students’ activities including attendance, leave, discipline,

assignments, etc. School administrators are lacking in result-based monitoring tools to track

student progress. Automate and streamline student attendance and absenteeism using student

information system which delivers real-time status updates of student activities to support

learning needs.

9. Revenue Management

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It is difficult for institutions to cope with their finances and track their fee collections and

contributions. Seamlessly connect and engage with students, parents, and alumni to strengthen

relationships and drive greater success.

10. Forecasting the academic achievement

Institutions are unable to manage information and there are endless delays in taking decisions

based on complete analysis. Dashboard reports and intelligent analytics are useful indicators for

educators to examine attendance, assignments, grades, etc., and predict student outcomes. Using

data analytics will help institutions to identify students at risk and deploy resources to improve

achievement and success.

2.3 The Technology-driven Education

The education sector is transforming more rapidly than many other traditional sectors. Like a

zillion other things, the pandemic has further prompted more widespread changes in the industry.

Be it shifting classes to digital platforms or adopting school management software, technology is

reshaping education in innumerable ways. The tech-driven transformations that were once a

choice have now become the only ways to deliver education amid the crisis.

However, it’s not just the methods of learning that have changed; the pandemic also broadened

the perspective of many educators about the role of technology. Today, school leaders,

educators, and policymakers are more open to ideas that rely heavily on technology. Many

experts believe, the crisis is an opportunity for the education industry to make it more tech-

savvy, inclusive, and sustainable. We have discussed below, how that is already happening in a

time of technology-driven education.

2.3.1.1 Emerging Trends in the Education Sector

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Technology is driving completely new trends in the education industry. Whether its government

schools or private colleges, every kind of education institute is increasingly relying on

technology. The application of technology I wide-ranging in terms of functional aspects. From

enhancing classroom experiences with apps to ensuring students’ safety with a student

attendance management system, technology is everywhere.

2.3.1.2 Global accessibility provided by the internet

As more and more people get access to fast internet services, it dramatically changes the way

people learn. The internet makes resources global and open access. This digital access to

education enables students to learn in a world without borders. With the improved accessibility

of learning materials and resources, the quality of education also improves. This increased use of

technology results in outcomes like digital classrooms and interactive learning. With the easy

availability of services like custom e-learning, institutions can dramatically improve the quality

of education. A combination of increased quality and accessibility is driving a new wave of

transformation in education services.

2.3.1.3 Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) to enhance learning experiences

More and more institutes are incorporating virtual reality and augmented reality in their

education solutions. This is triggered a rise in immersive learning where education and

simulation work in concert to help students. AR/VR not only helps students but also makes it

easier for teachers to deliver lessons in engaging and effective ways. With the widespread use of

smartphones across demographics, the delivery of m AR/VR-enabled education becomes easier.

The technologies also help students to easily learn subjects and topics that are otherwise

considered to be difficult.

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2.3.1.4 Automation in education and school management

Even before the virus outbreak struck, schools were increasingly adopting automation in

different areas of administration. The pandemic has now made automation and robotics more

crucial to education than ever. Public safety measures prompted by COVID-19 demand minimal

human interaction. Automation is designed to reduce human interaction.

As schools start reopening, the administrative process will never be the same. With the

availability of a student attendance management system and other automation solutions,

administrators have more control over processes. Such solutions also improve young students’

safety, giving parents and teachers access to information like the real-time location of students. It

also reduces the burden of administrative processes that involve manual management of

attendance and student monitoring practices.

2.3.1.5 Using Technology to make education more inclusive

Low-cost private and public schools have been stricken badly by the virus outbreak. These

schools face an array of challenges in terms of human resources, education technology, and

administrative processes, among many other things. As governments and private organizations

encourage educators, students, and parents to get digital with the hybrid schooling management

system, many challenges are being addressed. With the rising use of smartphones and computers

across socio-economic classes, tech-enabled education is slowly becoming mainstream.

In a country like India, digital solutions help low-cost schools and colleges to deliver more

effective and comprehensive education even in remote areas. Services like e-learning app

development are becoming more easily available and cost-effective. Schools and policymakers

can consider such services to make education equally accessible for all. The number of

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households having a smartphone and access to the internet is increasing rapidly. It’s an

opportunity for educators to leverage the surge in technology adoption to deliver better

education.

2.3.1.6 Data-driven decisions to improve quality

With the adoption of digital platform-based education, the tracking of the teaching and learning

processes become much easier. Well-developed digital learning solutions offer dashboards to

monitor and manage engagement, effectiveness, and attendance, among other things. This

enables education service providers to create a personalized learning experience for students.

Advanced smart school solutions offer technologies like AI, ML, and data analytics to make

insights-driven decisions. Educators and school leaders can analyze the results of their decisions

in real-time and make changes when the need arise.

2.4 Review of Related work

The use of technology to update school facilities has a significant impact on student

accomplishment; therefore, the need to develop an integrated School management system based

on a centralized database will improve the quality of school services. (Balcita and Palaoag,

2020). This means that one of the most important aspects of developing and implementing

efficient information systems for schools is to start with the genuine needs of the school, which

include classroom needs and building educators. (Breiter and Light, 2006) and student needs

(Reddy and Rathna, 2020).

A study of (Durnali, 2013) when comparing the data collection, processing, storage, accuracy,

and analysis and dissemination of student data before and after an e-School was implemented in

their school, it has been shown through his studies that there are improvements in terms of data

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collection, processing, storage, accuracy, and analysis and dissemination of student data. If

technology is employed for school management and development, it has an impact on how

society reflects the socioeconomic, cultural, and technical change (Yıkıcı et al., 2019).

Student information system (SIS) is a software program to handle student data for educational

institutions. It is often known as the Knowledge Management System for Students (SIMS)

(Murungan, 2020). Information systems are created to provide schools with a solution and

feedback to encourage the effectiveness of learning, teaching, and administration purposes; this

will exploit the school that needs the system (Kurniawan & Andika, 2019).

A website-based information system boosts data administration efficiency, especially when it

comes to student information. In order to achieve the goal of having an effective school

management system, the system should have elements that improve the quality of schoolwork

(Dewantara, Piarsa, & Buana, 2019).

Research on creative information management in Taiwan illustrated the value of the school

management method. Innovative information management makes students more inspired,

enhances their learning effectively, and increases the sense of classes and schools being defined

(Chen et al., 2014).

A study in Turkey shows how teachers and the principal believe that the e-school system is

adequate in terms of administrative relations, student affairs, and student report card work time

(Polat & Arabaci, 2013).

A developed web-based information system for school management provides leverage for

schools that need the application to facilitate learning, teaching, and administration quality and

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effectiveness. It is always necessary to have a modern school management system information

system (Pavlovic, Randic & Paunovic, 2014).

It is necessary to keep school records and manage them properly because it is an important

aspect of the school's leverage in terms of keeping things in their rightful place to ensure quality

processing and record-keeping. This will also help school managers in their decision-making

process and to also enhance the implementation of usable records in schools that will lead to cost

savings, transparency, easy accessibility, accountability, and retrieval of required information

from their storage (Akinloye, Adu, & Ojo, 2017).

The key areas that need to be present in a school information management system are open

standards, interoperability, transition, accessibility, cost efficiency, statutory-based innovations,

and usability (Strickley, 2011).

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 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Software Development

Over time, the SDLC is the most reliable method of software development (Khan, Shadab, &

Khan, 2020). However, new Agile approaches are gradually replacing traditional methods

(Domingues, 2018). The Agile technique seeks to provide more value to consumers by reducing

development periods and incorporating frequent modifications (Okeke, 2021). The Agile

technique, as indicated in Figure 1, is ideally suited for speedy and effective software

development due to its adaptive nature, early delivery, and flexible life cycle (Srivastava,

Bhardwaj, & Saraswat, 2017).

3.1.1 Requirements

Schools processes and procedures require a lot of data to consider. There are a lot of methods in

data collection and requirement gathering, the proponents decided to use two (2) methods, the

primary method to use in this study are interviews with the key informant or the person who has

the prime knowledge regarding the office transaction because it allows the proponents to ask

open-ended questions which is beneficial on designing the User Interface (UI) and the Data

Processes (Ainsworth, 2020). The second method is forms and reports collection, in this method,

data documents were gathered such as registration forms, curriculum, sample syllabus,

assessment form, grade slips, enrollment forms, and school reports.

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3.1.2 Design

Those forms and reports gathered are analyzed in coming up with a functional design of the

Network Infrastructure, a framework for the specification of a network's physical components

and their functional organization and configuration, the System Architecture which is the

conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and more views of a system, the Database

Model that determines the logical structure of a database and fundamentally determines in which

manner data can be stored, organized and manipulated, the User Roles that defines permissions

for users to perform a group of tasks and the design of the User Interface (UI) used to build

interfaces in software or computerized devices, focusing on looks or style.

3.1.3 Development

The system is a hybrid type of development because it consists of two development

environments. One environment is Java and the other one is a web-based platform. The java

platform acts as the transactional program which allows users to perform real-time school-based

transactions such as Subject control, Enrollment, Assessment, and printing of reports, while the

Web-Based System allows different user roles to interact with the system through admission,

Student Information, summative reports such as class list, student grade, grade evaluation, and

grade input for the faculty.

The system authenticates the user and identifies its privileges. There are three types of users

namely, the Super Admin (System Administrator), the Staff (School Registrar, Admin Assistant,

Program Heads), and the Instructors. The super admin supervises the overall functions of the

system from managing default system settings to all records of the student. The super admin can

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enroll students, add entities such as rooms, instructors, subjects, sections, and user profiles,

control assessment, generate reports, modify entity details such as school default settings.

The school registrar can only generate student grades reports and TOR can change student ID

manually if in case necessary, can drop students, and can modify staff-privilege settings. The

admin assistant produces the student assessment and COR and applies for scholarship programs

if available. The admin assistant can also generate admin assistant reports such as grade slip,

subject-enrolled by the student's summary, list of the payee and non-payee students, student

assessment summary report. The program head can add subject info, section details, and

instructors, can enroll students, and lastly, can generate student lists per course, department, and

year level. The instructor can only upload their grades to the system through a manual procedure

or file upload via (.xls) format provided by the system.

3.1.4 Testing and Evaluation

Components of the evaluation

1. Functionality Suitability which includes Functional Completeness, Functional

Correctness, and Functional Appropriateness.

2. Usability which includes Appropriateness Recognizability, Learnability, Operability,

User Error Protection, User Interface Aesthetics and Accessibility.

3. Reliability which includes Maturity, Availability, Fault Tolerance and Accountability. To

measure the quality of the system a 5-point scale was used.

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3.1.5 Implementation

The system is hosted in a local server in the administration building which includes hosting the

Database Management System, the Web Portal, and the Java-Based Platform. The server is

connected across the College that connects one building to another through basic network

Infrastructure using a Star Topology.

3.1.6 Review

Upgrades and updates are performed remotely in the IT department to ensure that concerns and

problems that arise upon the continual use of the system are addressed right away. Data backup

and restore are already included to avoid data loss if there is a failure of the hardware device.

3.2 Use Case Diagram

3.3 Program and System Flowchart

3.4 Choice of Programming Languages

C# programming language will be used in developing the proposed system and also because of

the researcher familiarity with the language. Moreover, the language is a hybrid of C and C++,

and it is a Microsoft programming language developed to compete with Sun's Java language. C#

is an object-oriented programming language. C# boasts type-safety, garbage collection,

simplified type declarations, versioning and scalability support, and other features that make

developing solutions faster and easier, especially for desktop and mobile application

development.

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