Scope: Lowell textile mills - 1st organization of working women

Argument: good working argument >< dissatisfaction of working women

Organization: Main point: Contradiction —> Strike - Difficult —> Important role of Lowell workers
Para 1: Contradiction: Dissatisfaction create first org for women
Para 2: Strike of women - difficult
Para 3: Important role of Lowell workers
Nearly all the workers of the Lowell textile mills 1. According to the passage, which of
Mới chỉ giới thiệu of Massachusetts were unmarried daughters the following contributed to the
from farm families. Some of the workers were inability of the workers at Lowell
as young as 10. Since many people in the to have their demands met?
1820s were disturbed by the idea of working Specific
females, the company provided well-kept A. The very young age of some of the
dormitories and boardinghouses. The meals workers made political organization
were decent and church attendance was impractical.
mandatory. Compared to other factories of the B. Social attitudes of the time pressured
time, the Lowell mills were clean and safe, and women into not making demands.
there was even a journal, The Lowell Offering, C. The Lowell Female Labor Reform
which contained poems and other material Association was not organized until
Ironically : mỉa
mai thay written by the workers, and which became 1844.
known beyond New England. Ironically, it was D. Their families depended on the
at the Lowell mills that dissatisfaction with workers to send some of their wages
working conditions brought about the first home.
organization of working women. E. The people who were most
sympathetic to the workers lived
The mills were highly mechanized, and were in outside of New England.
fact considered a model of efficiency by others 2. The author of the passage implies
in the textile industry. The work was difficult, that the efforts of the women
however, and the high level of standardization workers at the Lowell mills
Tedious: nhàm made it tedious. When wages were cut, the ______. Inference
chán workers organized the Factory Girls Association.
15,000 women decided to “turn out,” or walk A. were of less direct benefit to them
off the job. The Offering, meant as a pleasant than to other workers
creative outlet, gave the women a voice that B. led to the creation of child labor laws
could be heard by sympathetic people that benefited the youngest workers at
elsewhere in the country, and even in Europe. the Lowell mills
However, the ability of the women to demand C. forced the New England Labor
changes was severely circumscribed by an Reform League to include three women
inability to go for long without wages with on its board
which to support themselves and help support D. were addressed in the poetry
their families. This same limitation hampered included in The Offering
the effectiveness of the Lowell Female Labor E. were initially organized by Sarah
Reform Association (LFLRA), organized in 1844. Bagley
3. The author uses the word
No specific reform can be directly attributed to “Ironically” in the first paragraph
Legacy: kế thừa
the Lowell workers, but their legacy is to indicate that _______.
unquestionable. The LFLRA’s founder, Sarah Function
Bagley, became a national figure, testifying A. none of the people who ran the
before the Massachusetts House of Lowell mills expected that the workers
Representatives. When the New England Labor would organize to express
Reform League was formed, three of the eight dissatisfaction with working conditions
board members were women. Other mill B. the women who worked at the
workers took note of the Lowell strikes, and Lowell mills did not realize how
were successful in getting better pay, shorter fortunate they were to work at such a
hours, and safer working conditions. Even some place
existing child labor laws can be traced back to C. it could be considered surprising that
efforts first set in motion by the Lowell mills an early effort to demand better
women.
 working conditions began in an
environment that was especially
designed to promote worker satisfaction
D. the people who created the working
environment for the women at the
Lowell mills did not really understand
what it was they needed
E. it was unusual for women workers of
the time to organize, regardless of their
work environment
4. The primary purpose of the
passage is to do which of the
following?
A. Describe the labor reforms that can
be attributed to the workers at the
Lowell mills Chỉ thể hiện tầm quan trọng của Lowell workers
Proprietor: chủ sở hữu B. Criticize the proprietors of the Lowell
mills for their labor practices
C. Suggest that the Lowell mills played
a large role in the labor reform
movement
Too narrow: P1 D. Describe the conditions under which
the Lowell mills employees worked
E. Analyze the business practices of
early American factories Too broad