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Unit 3 - AI - Knowledge

Unit 3 covers knowledge representation and reasoning, which are fundamental concepts in artificial intelligence that help computers understand information like humans. [1] Knowledge representation involves storing and organizing information so a computer can understand and use it, such as explaining rules and facts. [2] Knowledge reasoning is when a computer uses what it knows to draw conclusions or solve problems. Common representation tools include ontologies, semantic networks, and frames.

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30 views2 pages

Unit 3 - AI - Knowledge

Unit 3 covers knowledge representation and reasoning, which are fundamental concepts in artificial intelligence that help computers understand information like humans. [1] Knowledge representation involves storing and organizing information so a computer can understand and use it, such as explaining rules and facts. [2] Knowledge reasoning is when a computer uses what it knows to draw conclusions or solve problems. Common representation tools include ontologies, semantic networks, and frames.

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bk0595515
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Unit 3: Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

Knowledge representation and reasoning are fundamental concepts in artificial intelligence (AI) that
help computers understand and work with information in a way that resembles human thinking.

1. Knowledge Representation:
What is it? - This is about how we store and organize information so that a computer can understand and use
it. Think of it as teaching a computer the facts and rules it needs to make sense of the world.
Example: Imagine you're teaching your friend how to play a game. You explain the rules, the goals, and any
special moves. In AI, we do something similar by explaining facts and rules to a computer. For example,
telling a computer that "birds can fly" is a way of representing knowledge.

2. Types of Knowledge Representation:


a. Declarative Knowledge: This is about stating facts and information.
Example: "Cats are mammals" or "The sun rises in the east."

b. Procedural Knowledge: This involves explaining how to do something, like a recipe.


Example: "To bake a cake, mix flour, eggs, and sugar."

3. Knowledge Reasoning:
What is it? - This is where the computer uses the knowledge it has to draw conclusions or solve problems.
Think of it as the computer thinking, "If I know these things, what else can I figure out?"
Example: If you know that "birds can fly" and "penguins are birds," you can reason that "penguins can fly."

4. Types of Knowledge Reasoning:


a. Deductive Reasoning: This is like following a strict set of rules to make conclusions.
Example: If you know "All humans are mortal" and "Socrates is a human," you can deduce that "Socrates is
mortal."

b. Inductive Reasoning: This involves making generalizations from specific observations.


Example: If you observe that "Every crow you've seen is black," you might conclude "All crows are black."

c. Abductive Reasoning: This is like making the best guess based on the information you have.
Example: If you find a wet umbrella and hear thunder, you might guess, "It's raining outside."
5. Common Knowledge Representation Tools:
a. Ontologies: These are like dictionaries that help computers understand the meanings of words and their
relationships.
Example: In an ontology, it defines that "a cat is a type of mammal."

b. Semantic Networks: These use nodes and links to show how concepts are related.
Example: A semantic network might show that "cats" and "dogs" are connected by the link "both are pets."

c. Frames: Frames are like templates that help represent structured knowledge.
Example: If you have a frame for "car," it might include slots for "color," "model," and "manufacturer."

So, in simple terms, knowledge representation is about teaching a computer what we know, and
knowledge reasoning is about letting the computer use that knowledge to solve problems and draw
conclusions. Just like you learn from facts and use them to make decisions, AI does the same with the
information you provide to it.

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