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Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 6
Principal Roots and Irrational Numbers

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Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1– Module 6: Principal Roots and Irrational Numbers

First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Karen B. Mante

Sheila Marie M. Redulla

Editors: Cerlito L. Romero

Marychel L. Garcia, PhD

Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

Faustino N. Toradio PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Felix C. Galacio Jr. PhD

EPS, Mathematics

Josephine D. Eronico PhD

EPS, LRMDS

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Learning Competencies: The learner describes principal roots and tells whether they are rational or
irrational. (M7NS-Ig-1)

The learner determines between what two integers the square root of a number
is. (M7NS-Ig-2)

Estimates the square root of a whole number to the nearest hundredth.

(M7NS-Ig-3)

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

● Identify if the principal root is rational or irrational.

● Find the principal root of a number and tell if it is rational or irrational.

● Determine between what two integers the square root of a number lies.

● Estimate the square root of a number to the nearest hundredth.

Lesson
1 Principal Roots
What is it

Look at the unusual wristwatch on the right and answer the questions below.

1. Can you tell the time?

2. What time is shown in the wristwatch?
3. What do you get when you take the √ 1 ? √ 4 ? √ 9? √ 16?
4. How will you describe the result?
5. Can you take the exact value of 130?
6. What value could you get?

▪ Taking the square root of a number is like doing the reverse

operation of squaring a number. For example, both 7 and -7 are square roots of 49 since 7
2 = 7 𝑥 7 = 49 and (7) 2 = (7) (7) = 49.
▪ Integers such as 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 and 36 are called perfect squares. Rational numbers such
as 0.16, 4 100 and 4.84 are also, perfect squares. Perfect squares are numbers that have
rational numbers as square roots. The square roots of perfect squares are rational
numbers while the square roots of numbers that are not perfect squares are irrational
numbers.
▪ Any number that cannot be expressed as a quotient of two integers is an irrational
number. The numbers √ 2 , π, and the special number e are all irrational numbers.
Decimal numbers that are non-repeating and non-terminating are irrational numbers.
▪ On Principal nth Roots
Any number, a, whose nth power (n, a positive integer), is b is called the nth root of b.
Consider the following: (−7)2=49, 24 =16 and ¿ = -1000 . This means that -7 is a 2nd
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 or square root of 49, 2 is a 4th root of 16 and -10 is a 3rd or cube root of -1000. The
principal nth root of a positive number is the positive nth root. The principal nth root of
a negative number is the negative nth root if n is odd. If n is even and the number is
negative, the principal nth root is not defined. The notation for the principal nth root of a
number b is √n
b. In this expression, n is the index and b is the radicand.

Examples:
1. Find the root of the following:
a. √ 121 2
11 =( 11) ( 11)=121 Thus, √ 121= 11

b.
√ 49
121
¿ Thus,
√ 49 = 7
121 11
2. Determine if the root is rational or irrational.
a. 5 b. 144 c. 3.1415926536… d. 3.333333333…
Solution:
a. 5 Irrational; not a perfect square
b. 144 Rational; root is 12 since 12 x 12=144
c. 3.1415926536… Irrational; non terminating and non-repeating decimal
d. 3.333333333… Rational; non-terminating and repeating decimal

To determine whether a principal root is a rational or irrational number, determine if the radicand
is a perfect nth power or not. If it is, then the root is rational. Otherwise, it is irrational.
Examples:
Tell whether the principal root of each number is rational or irrational.
1. √ 0.04=0.2 is rational since 0.2 x 0.2 = 0.04
2. √
3
225 is irrational
3. √
3
125=5 is rational since 5 x 5 x 5 = 125
3. √
4
625=5 is rational since 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 625
4. √
5
−111 is irrational
5. √ 10000=100 is rational since 100 x 100 = 10000

What’s More

Directions:
1. Find the root of the following.

a. √ 64 b.√ 0 c. √ 2.25 d.
√ 121
400
2. Determine if the given number is rational or irrational.
a. √ 25 b. √ 11 c. 2.33333333 … d. 2.828427125 …
3. Write the principal root of the perfect squares only. Tell whether the root is rational or irrational.

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 a. √ 169 b. √ 99

Lesson Determining Between What Two

2 Integers the Square Root of a Number
Is

What is it

If a principal root is irrational, the best to do is to give an estimate of its value. Estimating is very
important for all principal roots that are not roots of perfect nth powers.
The square root of a number can be approximated by looking for consecutive integers or rational
numbers between which the square root lies.
Study the table below then fill it up with the next 10 perfect square numbers and their square
roots. The first one is done for you. Square
Square Square Root Square Square Root
2
1 =1 √ 1=1 2
11 =121 √ 121 =11
2
2 =4 √ 4=2
2
3 =9 √ 9=3
2
4 = 16 √ 16=4
2
5 = 25 √ 25=5
2
6 = 36 √ 36=6
2
7 = 49 √ 49=7
2
8 = 64 √ 64=8
2
9 = 81 √ 81=9
2
10 =100 √ 100=10
Examples:
The principal roots below are between two integers. Find the two closest such integers.
(a) √ 19

√ 16 is a perfect integer square and 4 is its principal square root. √ 25 is the next perfect integer
square and 5 is its principal square root. Therefore, √ 19is between 4 and 5.

(b) √ 42
√ 36 is a perfect integer square and 6 is its principal square root. √ 49 is the next perfect integer
square and 7 is its principal square root. Therefore, √ 42 is between 6 and 7.
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(c) √ 243
Since 243 is between 225 and 256, √ 243 must be between √ 225 and √ 256.
Hence, √ 225 < √ 243< √ 256. 15 <√ 243 < 16
Therefore, √ 243lies between 15 and 16.

What’s More

Determine between which two consecutive integers does the square root lie.

1. √3 3. √ 215
2. √ 84 4. √ 1899

Lesson
3
Estimating Square Roots

What is it

Method A. Steps to estimate the square root of a number that are aren’t perfect squares
1. Estimate – first, get as close as you can by finding two perfect square roots your number is
between.
2. Divide – divide your number by one of those square roots.
3. Average – take the result of step 2 and the root
4. Use the result in step 3 to repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have the number that is accurate enough
for you (in this case to the nearest hundredth)

EXAMPLE:
Estimate the square root of a number to the nearest hundredth.

√ 10
Solution:

1. Find two perfect square numbers it lies between. 32=9 and 4 2=16 so
√ 10lies between 3 and 4.
2. Divide 10 by 3, 10/3 = 3.33 (you can round off your answer)

3.33+3
3. Average 3.33 and 3. =3.1667
2

10
4. Repeat step 2. =3.1579
3.1667

3.1579+3.1667
5. Repeat step 3. Average 3.1579 and 3.1667. =3.1623
2
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 Is 3.1623 squared equal to 10? 3.1623 x 3.1623 = 10.001

Therefore, √ 10 ≈ 3.16

Method 2: To estimate the square root of a number to the nearest hundredth, follow the steps
below.

a. √ 141
The principal root of √ 141 is between 11 and 12, principal roots of 121 and 144 respectively.
So the estimated root must be 11 point something. To find the something:

Given Number −Lower Perfect Square

Use the formula:
Higher Perfect Square−Lower Perfect Square

141−121 20
Substitute: =
144−121 23
20
is approximately equivalent to 0.8695. Rounding off to the nearest hundredth, it will be 0.87.
23

Adding this to 11, that is, (11 + 0.87); so 11.87 is the estimated square root of 141.

b. √ 34
c. The principal root of √ 34 is between 5 and 6, principal roots of the two perfect squares 25 and
36, respectively. So the estimated root must be 5 point something. To find the something:
Given Number −Lower Perfect Square
Use the formula:
Higher Perfect Square−Lower Perfect Square

34−25 9
Substitute: =
36−35 11

9
is approximately equivalent to 0.8181... Rounding off to the nearest hundredth, it will be
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0.82.

Adding this to 5, that is, (5 + 0.82); so 5.82 is the estimated square root of 34.

What’s More
Approximate the square root to the nearest hundredth.
Using Method A. Using Method B.

1. √5 3. √ 15

2. √ 12 4. √ 110

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Assessment:
Direction: Choose the correct answer. Write the letter only.
1. Find the square root of 144 ?
a. 10 b. 11 c. 12 d. 13
2. Which of the following is NOT a rational number?
a. 3.213213213… b. √ 5 c. 1/3 d. all of these
3. What is the estimated value of √ 50 to the nearest hundredth?
a. 7.07 b. 7.08 c. 7.09 d. 7.10
4. Between which two consecutive integers does √ 180 lie?
a. 13 and 14 b. 12 and 13 c. 13 and 14 d.15 and 16
5. √ 7 is classified as
a. Rational b. Irrational c. Real d. none of these
6. Jose wrote four irrational numbers on the board and asked Raymond to choose the number closest
to 4. Which irrational number should Raymond choose?
a. √ 8 b. √ 17 c. √ 12 d. √ 10
7. Which number is a rational number?
a. 2.25 b. -8.78654684598... c. √ 99 d. π
8. What are the two square roots of 121 and which is the Principal Root?
a. Square Roots are +11 and -11. The principal root is +11.
b. Square Roots are +11 and -11. The principal root is -11.
c. Square Roots are +12 and -11. The Principal Root is -11.
d. Square Roots are +12 and -11. The Principal Root is +12
9. What is the √ 250 to the nearest hundredth?
a. 15. 79 b. 15. 80 c. 15.81 d. 15.85

10. Tell whether the

a. Rational
√ 25 is rational or irrational.
100
b. Rational

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 Name:_________________________ Date:________________
Section:_______________ Score:_______________

SUMMATIVE TEST IN MATHEMATICS 7

Quarter 1, Week 3 and 4

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

1) The absolute value of a number is always positive.

a. True b. False c. Cannot be determined
2) Find the absolute value of −43 .
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a. 43 b. −43 c. −¿−43∨¿ d.
43
3) What is a rational number?
a. A common multiple of the denominators of 2 or more fractions
b. A number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers written as a fraction, in
which the denominator is not 0
c. Fractions that have the same denominator
4) What is ¿ 20+ (−12 ) ∨¿?
a. −8 b. 8 c. 32 d. −32
5) |−6 |____ 6
a. ¿ b. ¿ c. ¿ d. ≥
6) The sum of two negative integers is negative.
a. True b. False c. Cannot be determined
7) −16+ (−9 ) =¿ ¿
a. −7 b. 7 c. −25 d. 25
8) 9 ×11=11× 9
What property of the operations on integers justifies the given statement?
a. Inverse b. Commutative c. Associative d. Identity
9) What is the additive inverse of 12?
−1 1
a. −12 b. c. 12 d.
12 12
10) If a decimal is repeating, what symbol would you use to express the repeating digit?
a. equal sign b. greater than sign c. vinculum d. negative sign
11) 5.1414… is a repeating decimal.
a. True b. False c. Cannot be determined
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12) What is in decimal?
12

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 a. 0.20 b. 0.25 c. 0.30 d. 0.40
13) Convert 0.75 into fraction.
1 2 3 7
a. b. c. d.
75 4 4 5
14) [ 100 ÷ (−5 ) ] + (−45 ÷ 9 )=¿ ¿
a. −15 b. −25 c. 15 d. 25
15) Which fraction can be expressed as a terminating decimal?
1 3 5 2
a. b. c. d.
9 11 8 3

Name:______________________________________________________________________
Year and Section:_________________ Score:__________

Performance Task 3
Mathematics 7
Module 5 and 6

A. Perform the indicated operations and express your answer in simplest form.

7 11
1. −
9 12

2. 3.415 ÷ 2.5

B. Solve the problems.

1 1 3
1. Arah needs 10 kg of meat to fed 55 guests. If she has 3 kg of chicken and 2 kg of
4 2 4
1
pork and 4 kg of beef. Is there enough meat for 55 guests?
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2
2. Hannah donated of her monthly allowance to the Covid-19 fund raising campaign. If
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her monthly allowance is ₱3 500, how much did she donate?

C. Estimate each square root to the nearest hundredth

1. √ 15
2. √ 54

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