Because learning changes everything.

Chapter 6
Input and Output

Computing Essentials 2023

O’Leary

© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
 Learning Objectives
1. Define input.
2. Describe keyboard entry, including types and features of keyboards.
3. Identify different pointing devices, including game controllers and styluses.
4. Describe scanning devices, including optical scanners, RFID readers, and
recognition devices.
5. Recognize image capturing and audio-input devices.
6. Define output.
7. Identify different monitor features and types, including flat-panels and e-books.
8. Define printing features and types, including inkjet and cloud printers.
9. Recognize different audio and video devices, including portable media devices.
10. Define combination input and output devices, including multifunctional devices,
VR head-mounted displays and controllers, drones, and robots.
11. Explain ergonomics and ways to minimize physical damage.

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 Introduction
Have you ever wondered how
information gets into your
computer and comes out in a
form you can use?
• Input devices convert what
we understand into what the
system unit can process.
• Output devices convert
what the system unit has
processed into a form that
we can understand.

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 What is Input?
Any data or instructions entered into a computer.
Input devices translate data into a form that the system unit
can process.
Some hardware input devices include:
• Keyboards.
• Mice.
• Pointing.
• Scanning.
• Image capturing.
• Audio-input.

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 Keyboard Entry

Traditional Keyboard.

Laptop Keyboard.

Virtual Keyboard.

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 Pointing Devices
Provide an intuitive interface by
accepting pointing gestures and
converting them into machine-
readable input.
Wide variety of devices such as:
• Mouse.
• Touch screen.
• Game controller.

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 Mouse Types
Optical mouse.
• Has no moving parts.
• Emits and senses light to detect mouse movement.
• Can be used on any surface.

Wireless mouse.
• Battery operated.
• Uses radio waves or infrared light waves.

Touch pads.
• Controls pointer by moving and tapping your fingers on the
surface of the pad.
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 Touch Screen
Can be touched with more than one finger.
Stylus is a pen-like device.
• Used on tablets.
• Uses handwriting recognition software.

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 Gaming Controllers
Provide input to computer games.
• Joysticks use pressure and direction of the stick.
• Gaming mice are similar to a mouse but high precision.
• Gamepads use both hands.
• Motion sensing device control games by user movement.

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 Scanning Devices
Scanners convert
scanned data into a
form the system unit
can process.
Optical scanners.
• Flatbed scanners.
• Document
scanners.
• Portable scanners.
• 3D scanners.

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 Card Readers
Interpret encoded information
that is stored on debit, credit
and identification cards.
Magnetic card reader.
• Information read from strip
when swiped through
reader.

Chip card reader.

• Information read from a chip
when inserted or held near the
reader.
• Smart cards hold additional
security information.
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 Bar Code Readers
Contain photo-electric cells that
scan or read bar codes or the
zebra striped marks printed on
product containers.
UPCs and MaxiCode readers.
• UPC are heavily used in grocery
stores for automated checkout
and inventory control.
• MaxiCode used by shipping
companies for routing packages.

Cell phones with app can also

scan codes.
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 RFID Readers
Radio-frequency
identification.
Tiny chips embedded in most
anything contain
electronically stored
information that can be read
using an RFID reader
located several yards away.
• Tracking pets.
• Update and control
inventories.
• Read passports.

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 Character & Mark Recognition Readers

Recognize special characters and marks.

Character and mark recognition devices.
Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR).
• Used by banks to read encoded characters on checks.

Optical-character recognition (OCR).

• Reads preprinted characters such as wand scanners.

Optical-mark recognition (OMR).

• Sense the presence of absence of marks used for test
scoring.

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 Image Capturing Devices
Create or capture original
images.
Digital Camera.
• Capture images digitally
and store in memory.

Webcams.
• Capture images and send
to a computer for
broadcast over the
Internet.

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 Audio-Input Devices
Voice recognition systems.
Use a microphone, sound card, and special software.
Users can operate computers and create documents using
voice commands.
Included in many smart phones.
• Siri in iPhones.
• Cortana in Windows devices.
• Alexa in Amazon devices.
• Google Assistant in Android devices.

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 Output
Processed data or information.
Types of output.
• Text.
• Graphics/photos.
• Audio & video.

Output devices.
• Monitors.
• Printers.
• Audio-output devices.

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 Monitors
Known as screens or display
screens, and present visual
images of text and graphics.
Features:
• Clarity.
• Resolution/pixels.
• Dot pitch.
• Contrast ratios.
• Active display area, or
size.
• Aspect ratio.

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 Monitor Types
Flat-panel monitors.
• Require less power to operate.
• Portable and thin.
• Most are backlit.

Three types:
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).
• Older monitors.

• Light Emitting Diode (LED).

• More advanced backlighting.

• Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED).

• Thin layer organic compound that produces light.

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 E-book Readers
An e-book is a traditional books printed in electronic form.
E-book readers are dedicated mobile devices for storing and
displaying e-books.
Use e-ink technology.
Produce images that reflect light.
• Kindle.
• Kobo.

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 Other Monitor Types
Digital/interactive whiteboards.
• Connects to a computer or project.
• Controlled using a special pen or even
your finger.
• Classrooms and corporate boardrooms.

Flexible Screens.
• Allow a digital device to display on a non
flat surface, including wrapped edges,
curved monitors and foldable screens.

Digital Projector.
• Project the images from a traditional
monitor onto a screen or wall.

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 Printers
Translates
information that has
been processed by
the system unit.
Features.
• Resolution.
• Color.
• Speed.
• Memory.
• Duplex printing.
• Connectivity.

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 Printer Types
Ink-jet printers spray ink at a
high speed.
• Reliable, quite and
inexpensive.
Laser printers uses a laser light
beam to produce images.
• Fast, excellent quality.
• Personal or shared.

3D Printers create 3-D shapes

with a thin layer of material
repeatedly until created.
• Additive manufacturing.
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 Other Printers
Cloud printers.
• Connect to the Internet to provide services to others on the
Internet.
• Thermal printers.
• Plotters.

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 Audio and Video Devices
Translates audio information from
the computer into sounds that
people can understand.
• Speakers and headphones.

Bluetooth Technology.
• Wireless technology.
• Used to connect to speakers and
headphones.

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 Combination Input and Output Devices

Headsets.
• Combine a microphone and headphones.

Multifunctional devices (MFD).

• Cost efficient but lower quality.
• All-in-one printers are a good
example.

Virtual Reality (VR).

• Artificial or simulated reality.

Virtual head-mounted displays

and controllers.
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 Drones
Drones or unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAV).
• Take input from a controller
and the output device is the
drone.
• Very cost effective now.

Robots.
• Use cameras, microphones,
and other sensors as inputs
to perform an expanding
range of capabilities.

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 Making IT Work for You ~ Headphones

Style.
Connection.
Special Features.

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 Ergonomics
Study of human factors
related to things people
use.
Fit the task to the user to
avoid:
Eyestrain and
headache.
Back and neck pain.
Repetitive strain injury.
• Carpal tunnel
syndrome.
Access the text alternative for slide images.

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 Ergonomic Challenged Devices
Portable devices are not set up for ergonomics.
Cell phones.
• Pain in base of thumbs from being used to type on small
screen keyboard.

Tablets.
• Tablet hunch is caused by the user’s head being
improperly aligned to the viewing surface.

Laptops.
• Because the keyboard and monitor are connected, they
cannot be set up ergonomically.

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 Careers in IT
Technical writers prepare instruction manuals, technical
reports, and other scientific or technical documents.
Typically requires an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in:
• Communications.
• Journalism or.
• English.
• Specialization or familiarization with a technical field.

Technical writers can expect to earn $43,000 to $88,000

annually.

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 A Look to the Future
Internet of Things.
Smartwatch.
• Can monitor and share
your location.
• Chips embedded in most
items, including clothing.

Smart grocery cart.

• Use grocery list to guide
shopper through store
and update total as items
are put in the cart and
process final bill.

© McGraw Hill, LLC Kirill Kedrinski/123RF 32

 Open Ended Questions
1. Define input and input devices.
2. Describe the different types of keyboard, pointing, scanning,
image capturing, and audio-input devices.
3. Describe input and output devices.
4. Describe the features and different types of monitors and
printers.
5. Describe audio output devices including Bluetooth technology.
6. Discuss combination input and output devices, including
multifunctional devices, headsets, drones, robots, and virtual-
mounted displays and controllers.
7. Define ergonomics, describe ways to minimize physical
discomfort, and discuss design issues with portable computers.

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© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.