INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTER
Basic Computer Parts and Function
1.
2. Basic Hardware and Software
Installation and Maintenance

Presented by: Aileen A. Sieras

 Learning Outcomes
1. To identify computer parts and its functions;
2. To assemble and disassemble computer system;
3. To perform installation of Operating System (configure
BIOS and drive partition); and
4. To install third applications and drivers and peripherals.

Learning Outputs
1. Know the computer parts and its functions
2. Demonstrate the assemble and disassemble computer
system
3. Demonstrate and configure the installation of Operating
System, Drivers for peripherals and devices.
First Outline
of the topic

Basic Computer
Parts and
Function
Two Components in
Computer Hardware

External and
Internal
Components
Input Devices: devices Output Devices:
that input information devices that output
into the computer such information from the
as a keyboard, mouse, computer such as a
scanner, and digital printer and monitor.
camera.
Hardware
and
Software
Computer Hardware

Hardware refers to the

external and internal
devices and equipment
that enable you to
perform major
functions such input,
output, storage,
communication and
processing .
Computer Software

Software is a set of
instructions, data or
programs used to
operate computers and
execute specific tasks
such as applications,
scripts and programs
that run on a device.
 Central
Processing
Unit (CPU)
Central Processing Unit

○ CPU (Central Processing Unit)

also called the Microprocessor
or “The Brain” of the Computer.

○ Processor speed: The speed at

which a microprocessor
executes instructions. This is
usually measured in megahertz
(MHz).

○ Brands of Processors include:

Pentium, Celeron, MAC, AMD
and Cyrix
Central Processing Unit
○ Computer chip: also called the
microprocessor may contain an
entire processing unit.

○ Computer chips contain

millions of transistors. They are
small pieces of semi-conductor
material (silicon).

○ An integrated circuit is
embedded in the silicon.
Computers are made of many
chips on a circuit board.
 Data
Storage
Devices
Data Storage Devices
The hard-drive is a mechanical
storage device typically located
internally.
■ Fast recording and recovery of
data
■ Large storage capacity
■ Magnetic
■ Primary storage device for data
and programs
■ Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s
(Revolutions per minute)
Data Storage Devices

○ CD-ROM (compact
disk read only
memory)
○ An optical device
read by a diode
laser
Data Storage Devices
 Floppy diskette is
magnetic storage
device for small
amounts of data
(1.44MB).
 FLASH drive is a
compact and portable
electronic storage
device.
 USB (plug and play)
supported
Computer
Memory
Computer Memory

○ RAM (random access memory)

stores data that is processing.
This type of memory is erased
when the computer is turned
off.
○ ROM (read only memory)
contains special instructions
for the computer to operate.
○ Cache memory increases the
speed of the processor by
recording and anticipating
instructions.
Computer Memory
○ Computer memory is binary (0
or 1) (on or off).
○ The byte is the standard unit of
measurement.
○ A byte is composed of 8 bits
(binary digits).
○ Typical units of measurement:
■ 1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes
■ 1 MB (megabyte) =1000
kilobytes or 1 million bytes
■ 1 GB (gigabyte) =1000
megabytes or 1 billion bytes
■ 1 Tb(Terabyte)= 1000 gigabytes
or 1 trillion
Graphical User
Interface (GUI)
Graphical User Interface
○ GUI (Graphic User Interface) is a
set of images and icons seen on
the desktop used to operate a
program.
■ The GUI makes the programs
loaded on the computer easier to
access and use. Basic Windows
GUI
■ Icons are small pictures that
represent files, commands, or
windows.
■ Windows is a GUI operating
system.
Video Cards
Video Cards
○ Video cards plug into the
motherboard and are used
to display video.
○ VRAM is video memory
that enhances the
refreshment rate of the
image.
○ Video cards have chipsets
that can increase the
speed of video display.
 Ports and
Peripherals
Ports and Peripherals

 Ports are an interface

between the computer and
another peripheral device
such as a disk drive,
mouse, printer, modem,
monitor, camera, FLASH
drive or keyboard.
Examples:
Serial, Parallel, Hot-wire and
USB.
Ports and Peripherals

 Peripherals are
devices that plug into
a computer and are
not housed internally.
Examples:
Printers, Scanners
and Cameras
Motherboard
First Outline of the
topic
The spine of the computer is
the motherboard, otherwise
Motherboard known as the system board
(and less commonly referred to
as the planar board). This is the
olive green or brown circuit
board that lines the bottom of
the computer. It is the most
important component in the
computer because it connects
all the other components of a
PC together
First Outline of the
topic

Parts of the
Motherboard
Four Types of Motherboard

1. XT Motherboards
XT Stands for eXtended Technology. These
are all old model motherboard. In this
motherboards, we find old model processor
socket LIF (Low Insertion Force) sockets,
ram slots Dimms and ISA (Industry
Standards Architecture) slots, 12pin Power
Connector and no ports.

They have slot type processors, Dimms

memory modules, ISA slots for add-on card,
and no ports. There are connectors and add-
on cards for ports. Example: Pentium-I,
Pentium-MMX, Pentium -II and Pentium-II
Processors.
Four Types of Motherboard

2. AT Motherboards
AT stands for Advanced
Technology. Advanced
Technology Motherboards have
PGA (Pin Grid Array) Socket, SD
Ram slots, 20pin power
connector PCI slots and ISA slots.
we find the above components on
AT motherboards. Example:
Pentium-III Processors
Four Types of Motherboard

3. Baby AT Motherboards
Baby AT Motherboards have the
combination of XT and AT. They
have both slot type processor
sockets and PGA processor
sockets, SD Ram slots and DDR
Ram slots, PCI slots and ISA
slots, 12 Pin power connector and
20Pin power connector and Ports.
Example: Pentium-III and
Pentium-IV
Four Types of Motherboard

4. ATX Motherboards
ATX stands for Advanced Technology
extended. latest motherboards all are
called as ATX motherboards. designed
by ATX form factor. In this
motherboards, we find MPGA
Processor Sockets, DDR Ram slots,
PCI slots, AGP slots, Primary and
secondary IDE interfaces, SATA
connectors, 20pin and 24 pin ATX
power connector and Ports. Eg:
Pentium-IV, Dual Core, Core 2 Duo, Quad
Core, i3, i5 and i7 Processors.
System Board Components
Now that you understand the basic
types of motherboards and their form
factors, it’s time to look at the
components found on the
motherboard and their locations
relative to each other.
Figure A. illustrates many of the
following components found on a
typical motherboard: A large circuit
board allows motherboard
manufacturers to pack on as many
features as possible, yielding a bevy
of associated components to
consider:
 Motherboard
Components and
their function
1. Back Panel Connectors & Ports

Connectors and ports

for connecting the
computer to external
devices such as
display ports, audio
ports, USB ports,
Ethernet ports, PS/2
ports etc.
2. PCI Slots (PCI:
Peripheral Component
Interconnect)

Slot for older

expansion cards
such as sound cards,
network cards, and
connector cards.
3. PCI Express x1 Slots

Slot for modern expansion

cards such as sound
cards, network cards (Wi-
Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth),
connector cards (USB,
FireWire, eSATA) and
certain low-end graphics
card PCI.
4. Express x16 Slot

Slot for discrete

graphic cards and
high bandwidth
devices such as
top-end solid state
driver.
5. Northbridge (Also
known as Memory
Controller Hub - MCH)

Chipset that allows

the CPU to
communicate with
the RAM and
graphics card.
6. CPU Socket
CPU slot contains one
or more mechanical
components providing
mechanical and
electrical connections
between a
microprocessor and a
printed circuit board
(PCB).
7. ATX 12V Power
Connector
Connects to the 4-
pin power cable of
a power supply unit
which supplies
power to the CPU.
8. Front Panel USB
2.0 Connectors

Connects to
USB 2.0 ports at
the front or top
of a computer
case.
9. Front Panel
Connectors

Connects to the
power switch, reset
switch, power LED,
hard drive LED and
front audio ports of
a computer case.
10. IDE Connector

Connects to
older hard drive
disks and optical
drives for data
transfer.
11. CMOS Battery
Supplies power to
store BIOS settings
and keep the real
time clock running.
The CMOS battery
found on most
motherboards is the
CR2032 lithium coin
cell.
12. Southbridge
Also known as the
Input/Output Controller
Hub (ICH). Chipset that
allows the CPU to
communicate with PCI
slots, PCI-Express x 1 slots
(expansion cards), SATA
connectors (hard drives,
optical drives), USB ports
(USB devices), Ethernet
ports and on-board audio.
13. SATA Connectors

Connects to
modern hard
disk drives, solid
state drives and
optical drives for
data transfer.
14. Fan Headers

Supplies power
to the CPU heat
sink fan and
computer
case fans.
15. RAM Slots

It is responsible for
temporarily storing data
in a computer's RAM
(Random Access
Memory), a type of
volatile memory that
allows the system to
access data quickly.
16. ATX Power
Connector

Connects to the
24-pin ATX power
cable of a power
supply unit which
supplies power to
the motherboard.
17. mSATA Connector

Connects to a mSATA
solid state drive. In
most cases, this SSD is
used as cache to speed
up hard disk drives, but
it's possible to re-
purpose it as a regular
hard drive.
18. Front Panel USB 3.0
Connector

Connects to
USB 3.0 ports at
the front or top
of the computer
case.
19. Power & Reset
Button

Onboard
button to turn
on, turn off
and reboot the
computer.
Second Outline
of the topic

Basic Hardware
and Software
Installation and
Maintenance
 Assemble a
Desktop Computer
Operating System
and Device Driver
Installation
Second Outline
of the topic

Windows 7/8 &

Windows
Server 2008
Installation
Second Outline
of the topic

Device Driver
Installation
Activity lesson 5 Activity 5.2. Write in a whole
sheet of paper (Individual)
Activity 5.1 (Group)
● Individual Performance 1. What are the importance things to
Task 1 (Motherboard) and remember before disassembling and
assembling a system unit?
2 (Assemble and 2. What materials are needed (please
Disassemble) include a drawing or illustration) in the
● Create a video how to assembly and disassembly of a
assemble and disassemble a computer?
3. Why is it vital for computer engineers
System Unit and to understand how to maintain and
Motherboard under time secure software and hardware?
limit over the three trials, with 4. Why is choosing the correct device
performance requirements driver so important? Can a device
driver be installed without the device
that must be progressing. itself?