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Foc OK) 430 5020. ae fanowned as the authoritative source for selt-guidec ~ wed mane than 30 million copies sald weorkcite — the Tench 4 Yoursell series inclades ower 300 titles inthe tields of fangages, crafts, hoboees, business, conipering and educabor Brien Libray Catafogeing 9 Pubtcsion Dat: 2 cataiogae record ‘for this title ts available from The (British Library. Litvary of Congress Catalog Card Number: on file. First published in UK 2000 by Modder Headhne Ltd, 338 Euston Road, London Wi 3H iret pebished in US 2000 by Contemporary Books, a Division of the McGraw-Hili Companies, 1 Prudential Plaza, 130 East Randolph Steel, Ghicaga, IL S0601, USA This. edition published 2003. The ‘Teach Yoursel” came isa registered bade mark ot Hodder & Stoughton Lid. 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Vrieded Great Britain for Hodder & Stoughton Educational, & iiveuon ef Hodder Headfina Lid, 338 Euston Road, London Mw BH by Con & Wyrram Lid, Reading, Berkstrre, Impression mumber WaIserTesage ‘Wear S007 2006 BIOS 2004 2006 $]U9]U09;>) introduction ix alphabet and pronunciation guide xh map of Wales mi mutation chart vill 01 eyfarchlon greetings 1 meeting paople, exchanging personal details, asking for things in a café; adjectives and nouns, basic Welsh sentence structure o2 mwy amdanoch chi more about yourself 11 giving your phone number and address, counting up to 100, talking about languages ‘that you can speak, talking about your job; the detinite article 03 siarad am eich teulu taiking about your family 2 giving your ape, giving your marital status, things you collect; personal pronouns, possession ti] slarad am eich hoftterau a'ch anhotfierau talking about your likes and dislikes 35 talking about your preferences and hobbies, expressing ability, describing someone; some Pronouns, present tense, definite and indetinite nouns, the day of the week, adjectives which precede the nounestyn a derbyn gwahoddiad extending and accepting an invitation 49 apologizing, giving excuses, asking someone what they will be doing, talking about the weather, the seasons, compass points; the perfect tense, present tense answer forms, nasal mutation gal ’ch helpy chi? may J help you? 57 offering assistance, making a purchase, colours, expressions of quantity, ihe comparative degree of adjectives, the perfect tense again gotyn am gyfarwyddiadaw asking for directions n locating something, asking for directions, giving directions, giving a command, asking someone to do something, saying you have ‘to do something, telling someone to do something: some prepositions, the imperative, the superlative degree of adjectives beth wnasthoch chi? whatdidyoudo? 83 talking about events in the past, saying you have told someone to do something; the past tense of regular verbs, the preposition ‘o’, tha Proposition ‘wrih’ mae rhywheth yn bod ar fy aghar there is something wrong with my car 4 discussing car repairs, giving your opinion, asking about someone's evening out, past tense of irregular verbs, the noun clause dw i ddim yo talmio's dda / don't feel wel! 104 describing an illness, visiting the doctor, the parts of the body, describing an injury; the preposition ‘ar’, personal pronouns sul roedd eich gwyllau? how were your holidays? 119 describing your holiday, asking if someone has ever done something; the imperfect tense w 16 v7 ble cawsech chi eich geni? where were you bom? 129 talking about where someone was born and brought up, the months of the year, giving the year in Welsh; the passive voice, never (present and future tense), the relative particle, the impersonal forms of the passive pryd maw'ch panbdwydd chi? when is your birthday? 143 piving the date, greetings for different times of the year, wishing someone well, sympathizing with someone: ordinal numbers, the equative degree of adjectives trefew'ch gwyliaw arranging your holiday 152 booking a holiday, talking about future events, booking a shan stay ina hnatel, booking accommodation by latter; the future tense of regular verbs, future tense of ‘bod’, ‘os’ (Mf) followed by the future tense aiff bi yn dy le dl yfery she go instead of jfou tomerrow: 163 talking about the future again: krregular verbs in the tuture tense, the prepositions “am, ‘at’, ‘yo’, ‘writ, 'thag’ and ‘ar’, compound prepositions ye y Dwyty iv the restaurant 78 ordering food and drink in a restaurant, describing a meal you have had, speaking on the phone dispritio’eh tf a’eh ardal describing your house and your area 193 details of houses for sala, describing an area beth byddech chi'n al wneud? what would you do? mm saying what you would do if you could, saying what you would like to do, saying what you ought fo do and ought to have done; the conditional tensebrogress lests appendix 1 appendix 2 kay to the exercises Glossary of grammatical terms Walsh-English vocabulary Engilsh-Weish vocabulary taking It further faint o'r gloch mee'r trim nezal? what time és the next train? 2 telling the time in Welsh, buying a train ticke!, understanding job advertisements achos ty mod |'noer because fmcol’ 8222 biving the reason why something is happening (because...); the nominative (‘that’) clause, the nominative clause following particles of speech, the preposition ‘rhwng’ W cedd elsiau dod! you wanted fo come! 229 stressing an element in a sentence, saying you could have Gone something, saying you would have lied to have done something, accusing somebody of doing something, denying and accepting blame, saying that something belongs to you; the emphatic sentence, answering an emphatic question, the emphatic nominative clause, adverbial clauses regional variations how to say ‘yes’ and “no” ‘Welcome to Teach Yourself Welsh! If you are an adult learner with no previous knowledge of the Welsh language and are ing on your own, then this is the course for you, If, however, you are already atrending Welsh classes, you will find this book a useful aid and caves revision source, Developing your skills ‘Our aim is to teach you to understand and speak Welsh as it is spoken today. In o to achieve this, the language introduced here is centred on a wide range of realistic everyday situations. The emphasis is first and foremost on using Welsh, but we also explain how the language works, so that you can adapt your knowledge to appropriate situations. ‘The course covers the four basic skills ~ listening and speaking, reading and writing. If you are working on your own, the recorded material will be particularly important, as it will Sein ie seer ageisen wed se geek oe topes wees native speal to speak t uage within a controlled framework. 1 do not have recorded material you should try to chain it, Structure of this course The course book contains 21 units, which are preceded by an alphaber and pronunciation guide, a mutation chart for quick reference and a map of Wales. a eee Oe ke of grammatical terms, vocabularies and a more (us cas Gk ae Gk a Recordings and a comprehensive Welsh dictionary are available separately. uoljONpowyuiEach course unit contains most or all of the following: . Statement of aims: Ar the beginning of each unit there cs should be able to do in ‘Welsh on completion of that unit. Presentation of new language This is usually in the form of dialogues, on the recording and in the book or in reading pa Assistance with vocabulary is also given. You will find all the words listed in the back of the book, The language is presenred in manageable chunks, building carefully on what you have learnt in earlier units. Practice of new Practice is graded so that exercises which require mainly ition come first. As you learn more and grow in cones, ga De ca Meee eS Ae fe kastimienasticns In these sections you will learn about the forms of the language, so that you are able to construct your Own sentences correctly. For those who are daunted by grammar, assistance is given ina variety of ways, especially by means of the points to notice sections. All grammatical terms are defined within the relevant units. Information sections Here you will find information on various aspects of Welsh nae and culrure — from the history of David, the sixth-century saint of Wales, to the establishment of the National Speouily ke Wiss 1999, The reference section contains: ae bcs we of regional differe: sl — a summary ade the forms of *yes" and ‘no* a key to the exercises a glossary of grammatical terms a Welsh-English vocabulary an English-Welsh vocabulary a taking it further section How to use this course At the beginning of each unit make sure thar you are clear about Lackuromnet ister re ened ae een Lie tion is listen bo dialogue on the recording. Try to get a basic understanding of whar is being said before you look at the printed text. Refer to the book and the selected vocabulary in order to study the language in more detail. You will notice that all nouns have either (m.) or (f.) after them in the vocabulary listings, There is no Welsh word for ‘it’, All nouns are referred to as ‘he’ of ‘she’ and are masculine or feminine. Unfortunately, there are few rules that can determine whether a noun is masculine or feminine, except that nouns denoting males are heer masculine and those denoting females are usually feminine: mab (m.) som merch (f.) daughter Most nouns in Welsh are either singular or plural. When one thing is spoken of, the noun is singular, when two or more things are referred to, the noun is plural. Welsh does not have one way of forming plural nouns, In this course, the plural is Eo he ral frm the no vocabulary listings. Try to ee ae a ak Se Nila ay ES a GE ge learner ewrs (m.) cyrsiau course If the plural is formed by adding a particular ending to the original singular noun, then this is noted as follows: cath (f.)-od cat siop (f.)-au shop oe oer of cat and siopan is the plural of of. One characteristic feature of the Welsh language is mutation or initial letter change. If a word causes a mutation this is also noted in the vocabulary: o (SM) af, from a(AM) as; with yn (NM) in The three different mutations in Welsh — soft, nasal and aspirate — are detailed in a chart following this introduction, Once againtry to learn the rules of mutation as you make your way through he ec Emphasis in this book is on spoken rather than written forms The final "f in words in Welsh is usually silent; e.g.: oat pronounced cymta’ pronounced tre’ Sk Gi iin “done thar’ when a eas eg om anos ang ea the dialogues in the recognize what you Solace pir cos pechen ter Gamat tee some way to before you can mee language dialogues wisintuea eat Gane a ee to at every opportunity ~ sitting in a train or waiting at the ‘s or stuck in a traffic jam in the car - using what would otherwise be dead time. Of course, you must also be digesting what you hear and making sense of it — playing it Se heanene without really paying artention is not ee ee a ae the exercises check ee eee ook cay to avo your own mistakes. are learning with a friend it isa Ulan to cieck euch othe anereens: Ta the coe of de necoeded exercises you will find a full transcription on the internet via the Welsh department, University of Wales, Lampeter: hetp://welsh lamp.ac.uk better by what prefer to know in detail how the language is put together. Before you move on to a new unit always use the checklist to make sure that you know all the important new words and phrases in the current unit, Trying to recall the context in which words and phrases were used may help you learn them better. We that you enjoy working your way through Teach Ye Welsh, Don't get discouraged. Maste a new language takes time and perseverance and sometimes things can seem just too difficult. But then you'll come back another day and things will begin to make more sense again. Take as your reveal that the number who can speak, is now 16.3% of the total population of 3 million, up from 13.6% in 1991, Around 28% have some knowledge of Welsh, with the number of speakers estimated to be at least 20.5% —the proportion since 1961. Although i with the rural areas of West actually live in urban areas. Cardiff and Swansea, the two largest cities in South Wales, have berween them over 35,000 Welsh speakers. It is especially encouraging to see thar the number of young people speaking Welsh has risen considerably in che last rwenry years, Welsh is now taught in virtually every school in Wales and a quarter of Wales’ primary schools are Welsh-imediam schools. Welsh-medium secondary education is particularly popular in the Anglicized south. self-study courses such as this or by attending classes. Around 24,000 adults now attend courses each year, with the numbers achieving fluency in the language increasing annually. These factors, along with the createon of the National Assembly of Wales in 1999 and the devel of Carciff a4 an important administrative and cul European capital, mean that Wales and the Welsh language can look forward with confidence to the future.epinb uonjemunuoid pue jeqeydye! =) The 29 letters of the Welsh alphabet are: a, b, c, ch, d, dd, e, f, ff, g.ng.h, i,j. 40. m,n, 0, p, ph, fh, s, t, th, u, w, y Tie letters b, 4, j, | om, a, p, st and th are pronounced as in English. Some of the letters which are pronounced differently from English include: ¢ yo con & p = * th ee a _ sound, pronounced as in the English word Example: coleg (college) as in the Scottish loch. Example: chwech (six) as in the English word ‘the’, Example: ddoe (yesterday) as in the English ‘violin’. Example: fel (like) as in the English word ‘off'. Example: ffa (beans) as in “ ean rel ‘grand’. Example: oe as in the English word ‘gang’. Exam (between) pincs stagus tant tas Foie Racial eat ‘land’ and then blow. Example: Iaeth (wilh) a English word ‘physical’. Example: ei phen (her as in the English red but rolled more. Example: roced (rocket) = tongue to say the “rc in the English word ‘red’ and low, Example: rhif (nwmber} As in English, vowels — a, ¢, i, 0, u, w, y — can be either long or e short as in the English word ‘cat’ long as in the English word ‘car’ short as in the English word ‘met’ long as in the English word ‘pear’ i ee long as in the English word ‘feel’ o — short as in the English word ‘hor’ long as in the English word ‘bore’ a short as in the English word ‘bin’ long as in the ec in “seen” w sousually pronounced as in the English word ‘moon’, following itis usually pronounced as in the English word “went” y has owo sounds ‘ee’ or ‘i’ in the final syllable or in words of one syllable and ‘uh’ in the preceding syllables: dyn (wrneni) anced deen; mynydd (mrountain) pronounced muhnithe; dynion (men) pronounced duhnecon. Long vowels are sometimes marked by the accent *. Vowel combinations ac, ai and au are pronounced as in the English word ‘aisle’. Examples: Cymraeg (Welsh), Liundain (London), mwynhau (to enjoy) ei and ew are pronounced as in the English word ‘way’, Examples: (quite), nen (ar) oc, oi and ou are pronounced as in the English word *hoy’. Examples: poeth (bot), rhoi (to give/to put), cyffrous (exciting) ew is pronounced ‘eh-oo", Example: tew (fat) aw is pronounced like the ‘ou’ in the English word ‘cloud’, Example: lawn (jiell) ow is pronounced as in the English ‘oh’. Example: brown {brown} Emphasis in Welsh words is usually placed on the penultimate syllable. I EsojeM jo dew 4 Sertenewun— zZ Key to map counties of Wales Ways Mén (Angiesey) Gwynedd (Ceredigion Si Bento (Pembrokeshire) ’ Sir Gaertyrddin (Carmarthenshire) Abertawe (Swansea) Castell Nedd Port Talbot (Neath Port Talbot) Merthyr Tudtul ™ Gaerne (Conroy) Blaenau Gwent Sar yy (Morenputtatien) Fem Bort ar Vege ao area Casnowyad (Newport)_ Mutatable | Soft | Nasal yey uone nw Aspirate letter | mutation (5M) | mutation (NM) | mutation (AM) p b mh ph | i | d nh th | c 9 ngh ch b f m | d dd n 9 disappears | ng / . | | ul I | How to use the chart As noted in the introduction, certain consonants are subject to change at the beginning of words. Only nine letters in Welsh are subject to these letter changes, known as mutations. You will see these nine letrers listed in the chart in the mutatable letter column, As you can see from the chart, p changes to b when mutated softly. The Welsh word for ‘of* and ‘from’ is o, which causes the soft mutation, therefore Powys will become Bowys after o. The letter g disappears when mutated softly, therefore from Gwynedd in Welsh is o Wynedd. The mutation system might appear daunting at first, but is usually quickly mastered. uoi1yudiejAD In this unit you will learn + greotings for cfifferent times of the day * how to ask how someone « how to exchange basic » how to ask for something in a caféwopmoumyko ne GQ Deialog 1 Pwy dych chi? Who are you? Jayne, Tom and Matthew have enrolled on a residential Welsh course in Lampeter over the summer. Marthew has been learning Welsh on his own for a few months and has decided to g0 on the course to improve his knowledge of the language. On the first morning he is wandering around the college won he Mects someone, Bore da, Bore da, pwy dych chi? Matthew ydw | ‘Sut mae? Elen ydw |, tiwtor y cwrs Cymraeg. Dysgwr ydw |, dysgwr nerfus lawn! Croeso | Lambed Matthew. Peldiwch @ bod yn nerfus, bydd popeth yn lawn. How does Elen say: ‘the ruror of the Welsh course’? How does Matthew say: ‘I'm a learner"? Which word does Marthew use to describe how he feels? Matthew Elen Matthew Elen Matthew Elen 1 2 3 tiwter im.) aid — tutor cwrs(m.)cyrsiau§ course Cymraeg = Walsh dysgwr (m.) dysgwyr learner nerfus = nervous lawn very Weicome to Lampeter Bon't be nervous Everything will be ail right rc eng ee __ 1 Cyfarchion Greetings Matthew greets Elen by saying Bore da, Good morning. Here are some other ways of greeting people in Welsh: Pryahawn da ‘Good afternoon Noswaith dda Good evening Sut mac? Hiya, Hello Exercise 1 How would you greet someone at: a 10.00 a.m. b 2.00 p.m. ¢ 8.15 a.m. d 6.00 p.m. ¢ 3.20 pm. f 7.00 p.m. g 7.30 a.m. h 5.30 p.m, i 1.00 p.m. 2 Pwy dych chi? Who are you? i I'm Joh eri ry i Points to notice There is no Welsh word for ‘a’; thwtor means tutor and a fuior, and cwrs is both a course and course. There is also no Wellh word for “gome’ in phrases such as ‘some coffee’, ‘some milk’ and ‘any’ in phrases such as ‘any milk’, ‘ls there any milk teft?'. Hothwn ll laeth means both | would like milk and | would like sone milk, ~ Dyagwr norfus! As: ‘Can see, adjectives (words used to describe ether words) generaly teow the words they are describing in Welsh. —_ Look at the position of the adjectives nerfus and da (goon): Noun Adjective dysgwr nertus bore da prynhawn, dia iewn Adjectives following feminine singular nouns mutate softly: noswalth dda. 3 Sut dych chi?/Sut rwyt ti? How are you? i? da iawn very well ee ca gute god marae asad not good Points to notice in other there are two ways of saying Sor in Wenh. Vaan epciaes teats use ti with close friends, relatives of the same age or younger and all children. Chi is used with strangers, older relatives and those in positions of authority such as doctors or clergy. Chi is also used when talking to groups of people a teacher in a school would address the whole class using chi but use ti for an individual child. All the children would, of course, use chi when speaking to the teacher. Familiar forms are noted (fam.) in this book. Hf in doubt as to which form to use, use chi; the person to whom you are speaking will tell you if they would prefer you used ti when addressing them.Exercise 2 Remembering that chi is the formal form and ti the famili k the following people how they ate . — a your grandmother b your best friend c the vicar d shopkeeper e the little boy from across the road f sai . i h your best friends i your boss j your GeExercise 3 Listen to the recording if you have it and fill in the grid. | Name Time of day Fools Matthew = | | =| Exercise 4 How would these people respond to the question Sut dych chi? ¢ $ 2 ed a | GDeialog 2 O ble dych chi'n dod? 5 Where do you come from? Having spoken to Elen, Matthew makes his way to the : classroom where he meets two fellow students. Matthew Sul mae? Matthew yaw i. dayne Sut mae? Jayne ydw ia dyma Tom, Matthew © ble dych chi'n dod Jayne Americanes ydw i, dw i'n ded o Ohio ond mae Tam yn dod o Gymru. Matthew Helo Tom, Cymro ydw | hefyd. Ow i'n dod o Aberystwyth ond dw i'n byw yn Liundain ers pum |) mlynedd nawr, 1 What country does Jayne come from? 2 Where does Tom come from? 3 Which rown does Matthew come from? ors pum miynedd for five years nawr now (you will hear wan in North Wales) Points to notice A (and) becomes ac before a vowel: Tom ae Elen. Exercise 5 As you can see from Deialog 2, 0 causes the soft mutation: o Gymru (see chart on page xviii), Fill in the blanks with the word in brackets; don't forger to mutate!1 O ble dych chi'n dod? Dw i’n dod o (Pontypridd) Dw i'n dod o - (Caerdydd) Dwitn dodo. (Dinbych} 2 O ble mae c'n dod? Where does he come from? Mae e'n dod o _. (Rhydlewis) Mae ¢'n dod o . (Tonypandy) Mae e'n dad o » (Lhanelli) 3 O ble mae hi'n dod? Where does she come from? Mae hi'n dod o __. (Gwenr) Mac hi'n dod o . (Bedwas) Mac hi'n dod o _____. {Machynileth) Points to notice ‘Only Welsh words mutate after a: Dw i'n dod o Paraguay! GQDeialog 3 Amser coffi Coffee time The first lesson is over and it's coffee time. Wel, dyna'r dosbarth cyntaf drosodd! Dych chi'n hapus? ¥dw, ond mae’n waith caled. Ydy, ond mae'n amser coffi nawr. Dych chi efsiau coffi? Nac ycw, te os gwelwch yn dda - ilaeth ond dim siwgr. Ydy Matthew yn dod am banad? Nac ydy. How does Tom ask Jayne whether or not she is happy? How do you say please in Welsh? Does Jayne have sugar in her tea? LS whe o HOE shel are you?, do you? yes (f am) i yes (he/shevit is) to want i i Points to notice ‘ ‘The action or doing word in a sentence e.g. went, climbs, drank. Verbs can also denote a physical or mental condition or state: know, fs. The verb usually comes first in a Welsh sentence. In the sentence Mee Torn yn dod, the word mae is the verb. Words like dod. byw. cerdded (fo walk) and gweithlo (to work} which describe actions, but do not tefl you who is doing the action or when the action took place, are called verb-nouns in Weish. The subject of a sentence ts thal which does the action of the verb. In the sentence Torn is watching a film, Tom is the subject; in the sentence / come from Waies, the word | is the subject. The table shows the word order of a basic Welsh sentence: corresponds to ‘ing’ in English. After a vowel, ym is reduced to 'n. Adjectives and nouns, except those beginning with ‘IT and ‘th’, mutate softly after the link word yn or "n. There is no one word for ‘yes’ or ‘no’ in Welsh. A question is usually enewered by mivoring the verb used to ask the question. This ‘mirroring’ Is a feature of some dialects of English: Q: “Are you going?’ A:"l am’ Q: ‘Are they at home?" A: ‘They are’:© Vdy hi’n nerfus? is she nervous? AYdy, Yes, she is. The answer to. a question beginning Bych chi? is Ydw: Q Dych chi'n hapus? Are you happy? A Yaw. Yes, f am. To say ‘no’, the word nec is placed In front of the answer. Q Ydy hi'n dod 0 Laneli? Goes she come tom Linnell? (A Nac ydy (pronounced nag ydy). No, she doesn't, Q Dych chi'n byw yn Rihydlewis? Do you live in Rhyclewis? A Nec ydw. No, I don't, A summary of answer forms in Welsh can be found on page 250, Exercise 6 How would you reply to the following questions? 1 Dych chi'n nerfus? (>) 2 Ydy e'n eithaf da? (“) 3 Dych chi'n dod o Fedwas? (“) 4 Ydy hi'n dod o Ohio? (“) § Wdy e'n byw yn Aberafan? (v} 6 Dych chi'n dod nawr? (x) 7. Ydy hi'n byw yn Llandrindod hefyd? () § Ydy e'n cerdded? () DDeialog 4 Gaf i? May I? Matthew meanwhile is chatting to Elen. ‘Sut mae, Matthew? ‘Sut dych chi? Da lawn, diolch. A chi? (Ow i dem yn nerfus naw. Gat i eistedd yma? (Cewch, wrth gwrs. Dicieh yn fawr, Dych ehi'n mwynhau'r cwrs? pp Ydy, 0 bosib. Ond cofiwch, dytal donc a dyr y garreg, Is Matthew enjoying the course so far? Does Elen agree with his opinion of the course? we dw, dlolch. Mae'r gwalth ym ddickdono! ond mae'n anodd, Points to notice You can use gaf I? to ask for things in a shop or café. A soft mutation follows gerf I?: Gat | got? May | have a coffes?; Get i de? May | have a tea? Gat | lasagne a salad? May | have lasagne and salad? ODeialog 5 Some of the course members are sitting in the refectory. One of the refectory staff comes to ask what they want. Tom Gal | baned o goffi du eryt, tatws, pys a ham os gwelwch yn dda? Mas sisiau bwyd ama |. dayne Hottwn | gael te a salad, dw far ddetet, Matthew (Hotfwn | gael coffi a sglodion os gwelwch yn dda. Elen \Gaf i goffl mawr hab siwgr, a lasagne, os gwelwch yn dda. 1 What two ways are used to ask for something? 2 What sort of coffee does Elen want?| cael to got, to have | arddelet ona diet aglodyn (m) sgledion chip mawr big, lange | [ heb (SM) without Points to notice There is a soft mutation after hottwn I. —_ ls 4 Ffarwelio Saying goodbye —, hwyl goodbye da boch goodbye nos da goodnight gwela i chi I'll see you fi Learning Welsh The teaching of Welsh for adults is conducted by local providers, who form Welsh for Adults consortia, based on the eight old counties of Gwynedd, Clwyd, Dyfed, Powys, Gwent and the three Glamorgans. Local provision depends on the expertise of the provider, o.g. the University of Wales specializes in ulpannim, a type of intensive course for beginners originally used to teach Hebrew to Jewish immigrants to Israel. Wales also has a full-time residential Welsh Learning Teaching Centre at Nant Gwrtheyrn which was opened in 1982. CYD (pronounced keed) is a national organization which was set up to help people who are learning Welsh by integrating them into the local community. Local groups organize various events aimed at helping people practise their Welsh in a tess formal atmosphere than a class. Can you new do the following? |Yes | , Titnot ee go to Greet someone in the mornin moming ee | | Say goodbye | | Ask how one of your friends is . Ask a stranger how he is and reply | j if someone asks how you are Ask bow a group of people are | Ask who someone is j | Say where you come from | Say where someone clse comes from { Ask someone for something | | Ow we JJESUNOA jnoge esouw Iyo yoouepwe AMWwODeialog 1 At coffee time, Elen decides to try to get her class members to practise their Welsh. Mais: tat ‘en 82h Fe Pee ea aaa Cymraeg? Ow i'n hoffi pethau Celtaidd, dw i'n slarad Gwyddelag yn rhugl. Mae fy mam yn siarad Cymraeg a hoffwn | siarad 4 hi yn | mamiaith, Hoffwn | ddysgu Gwyddeleg hefyd, dw i'n siarad dwy iaith arall yn barod, Almaeneg a Beth am y qwedaill ohonoch chi? Dych chi'n siarad laith arall? Dw i'n siarad tipyn bach o Ffrangeg ond dw i'n siarad Eldaleg yn rhugl. De ca TT aren En nee Etaeg mane dosbarth nos. Fane How does Jayne say ‘I speak Irish fluently’? Why does Tom want to learn Welsh? Where is Tom learning Italian? wh brat nice cwrdd 2(AM) = fo meet toyd = ail pem? = why? dysgu = fo Jean, to teach offi to like Points to notice The Welsh word for ‘the’ is yr. In front of consonants, yr becomes y- y dosbarth. After vowels, yr becomes 'r : o'r coleg (from the college). Yr is used if a vowel or the letter ‘h' folows: yr allftant, the elephant, yr wy, the egg, yr hat, the summer, All feminine singular nouns mutate softly after y- y ferch, the girl. Dw I'n siared Gwyddeleg yn rhugl. Yn is used In the same way a3 ‘ly in English to form an adverb from an adjective. An adverb describes the way in which something Is donac quickly, slowly, oualy. In the example Dych chi'n slarad Cymraeg yn dda You speak Welsh well, yn dda describes the way in which you speak Welsh. 1 Rhifau ffén Phone numbers Welsh numbers 1-10: 0 dim 6 chwech 1 on 7 saith 2 dau 8 wyth 3 om 9 naw 4 pedwar 10 deg 5 pump GeExercise 1 Say the following telephone numbers out loud. Check your answers with the recording. 1 01222 786345 2 01239 634921 3 01570 483721 4 01970 621354 § 01384 294738 Kp yOURpUNE Ken Z 8)2 Beth yw’ch rhif ffén chi? What is your phone number? The familiar ti form is: Beth yw dy rif ffan di? What is your phome menther? ‘You can use the same pattern to ask someone what their name is: Beth yw'ch enw chi? What is your name? Beth yw dy enw di? What is your mare? Exercise 2 David wishes to speak to Mr John Evans, the organizer for Welsh classes in West Wales. Mr Evans’ secretary has answered the phone, Read the following passage aloud until you are happy that you understand everything. When you are familiar with its content, read it again, changing the underlined words with the three lots of words suggested. eee Bore da, Canolfan Dysgu Cymraag. Bore da, David James sy'n siarad. a Beth yw'ch enw chi eto? David David James. Dw i'n byw yn Abertawe a dw i'n dysgu Cymraeg mewn dosbarth nos. Hoftwn i ddod ar gwrs Cymraeg yn yr haf. Gat I'r manylion oa gwelwch yn dda? Yaorittenyddes §$Wrth gers, ond mae Mr Evans, y trefnydd, yo brysur nawr, gaf ich rhit in chi? Bydd Mr Evans yn flonio ar 4) un. David Dioich, Dyma’r rhif, 01249 949965, Yeoritenyddes § (01249 349065. Yaty'r rhit yn iawn? David Y¥dy. Dioich yn fawr. Yeortenyddes Hwy. canolfan (m.)-nau centre sy'n slarad speaking eto again ar(SM) on yrhal(m)-eu summer manylion details ‘trefnydd (m.)-ion = organizer iprysur bydd Mr Evans = Mr Evans willl ar él after hit (m.) au = number lawn = correct 4 Andrew Williams/Aberystwyth/yn y coleg‘yn drsguiy doebarth/ 01773 395816 15 @ Brenda Smith/Felinfach/yn Aberareom/yn cae! cinia!3/ 01944 i " 284612 B Sandra Morris/Llanelli/ar gwrs yn y gwaithlyn gweithio/ $f 01975 396172 March the names to the statement. 6 Dwi'n siarad Cymraeg, Sacsneg, Eidaleg, Ffrangeg ac Almaeneg. b Dw i'n siarad dwy iaith. ¢ Dw i ddim yn siarad Saesneg, Eidaleg mac Almacneg ond dw i'n siarad Cymraeg a Firangeg. d Dwi ddim yn siarad Ffrangeg nac Almaeneg. e Dwi ddim yn siarad Ffrangeg a hoffwn i ddysgu Cymraeg. Some useful phrases for talking about which languages you speak De Fa dra Cyneone A asst mh fom De fn dyrgn Cymeecg 1am aring Wel sth a thap. book and tape. Pa veithoedd dych chi'n Which languages do Eimcke dni iratnds speak mor "a four ane you siarad ? Frenchi Ble dych chi'n Cymraeg? Where are you learning Welsh? Dw i'n dysgu ] arn teaching myself. |YS WOU Ar SS Points to notice Unlike English, numbers are followed by a singular noun in Welsh: pedwar mab four sans wyth merch eight daughters un cwre one course In Delalog 1, you will have noticed that Matthew says that he speaks “dwy iaith eral’. The numbers dau, tri and pedwar have feminine forms, These forms, dwy (2), tair (3) and pedair (4) are used with ferninine nouns. Dwy is used with the word iaith, because laith is a ferninine noun. The feminine form of the number is not used in telephone numbers: dwy Americanes wo American women tair merch three daughters pedair brechdan four sandwiches Both dau and dwy cause a soft mutation: dau fab dwy ferch dau gwrs dwy frechdan Pump and chwech become pum and chwe befora nouns. You will often hear the full forms, especially in South Wales: pum mab chwe merch pum cwrs chwe bore pum paned chwe wy Both tel and chwe cause an aspirate mutation. This is often omitted in everyday speech, ‘tl Chymro chwe chwrs tH phaned chwe phaned ‘ti thiwter chwe thiwtor 3 Rhifo 104+ Counting higher than 10 11 un deg un 22 dauddegdan 65 chwe deg pump 12 un deg dau 30 wideg 70 saith deg 13 un deg tri 32 tri deg dau 78 saith deg wyth 14 un deg pedwar 40 pedwar deg 80 wyth deg 15 undeg pump 50 pum deg 90 naw deg 20 dau ddeg 53 pum deg tri 99 naw deg naw 21 dau ddeg un 60 chwe deg 100° cant There are two systems of counting in Welsh, a craditional system, based on the number 20, and a decimal system. The newer decimal system is now used in schools with the traditional system reserved for the time (Unit 19} and dares (Unit 13). As you can see from the numbers just mven, counting in Welsh is easy once you know the numbers 1-10. Points to notice When you are counting things above 10, it is usuat to use the pattern: umber + 0 + plural noun, ¢.9. tri deg dau o ganolfannau, pedwar deg tri o golegau Gexercise 4 Check the bingo card numbers on the recording to see if you have won a line. 4 Beth yw’ch cyfeiriad chi? What is your address? Dw i'n byw yn 11, Stryd y Bont. J five at 11, Bridge Street. Dw i'n byw yn 25, Heol y Dwr | live at 25, Water Road. Dw i'n byw yn 5, Heol yr Orsaf. J live at 5, Station Road. Dw i'n byw yn 58, Y Seryd Fawr. I live at 58, High Street. 8 Weish place names Ht you have been to Wales, you may have noticed that a lot of Welsh place names start with the word ‘ilan’. Originally, the ‘Ilan’ meant ‘the area around the church’ and, later, the church itself, Lian Is usually followed by the name of a saint, e.g. Lianbedr (the Church of Saint Peter), although this is not always the case, ¢.g. Llandaf is formed from flan + Taf, the name of the river on whose banks it stands. ‘Aber’ means ‘the mouth of the river’ of ‘the place where two rivers join’. The Weish name for Swansea is "Abertawe' which means ‘the mouth 17 | oa Nmof the river Tawe'. Another common choment in Welsh place names is ‘caer which means ‘fort’ or ‘castle’, The Welsh name for Holytwad ts Coors Cybi was an early Welsh saint. You have probably heard Be ee the longest place name in Britain. Translated this means “the church of St Mary of the white hazel poo! very near the fierce whirlpool in the parish of St Tysilio of the red cave’. This name was devised to attract tourists to the area during the Victorian era. BDeialog 2 Marthew talks to Tom abour his work, Tom Matthew Tom Matthew Tom Ydy bin swyddfa tawr? ‘Ydy, mae 13 0 bobl yn gwelthio yno. Beth amdanoch chi? Dych chi'n gweithio? Nac yw. ddim ar hyn o beyd, dw In chwilio am waith yng Nohymru. Hoffwn | symud o Lundain. Ow i wedi cael manylion tair swydd heddiw, Wel pob we gyda'r chwilio. Diolch. as, like fol cytreithiwr (m.) cyfreithwyr — solicitor, lawyer yng Nghaerdydd — in Carciiff dynni we are arhynobryd af the moment pebl (.) people amdanoch chi = about you chwilio am (SM) to loak for As you saw in Deialog 1 in Unit 1, if you are stating what something or someone is, the pattern is as follows: this table, piano and bag are both masculine nouns and See ae a et cern wer oad os ian feminine nouns and therefore yw hi is used. 1;20) Exercise 5 6 Ble dych chi'n gweithio? a i Connect the sentences with the correct picture. Where do you work? 3 Dw i’n gweithio mewn ffatri. [| work m a factory. Dw i's gweithio mewn I work in an office. swy Dw i'n gweithio mewn IT work in a primary school. 2 g ysgol gynradd. Dw i'n gweithio mewn I work im a secondary school. chradd. uw Dw i'n gweithio ar fferm. =| work on a farm. Some other useful words for saying where you work can be is found in the following box, Other useful phrases: Dw i'n ddi-waith. I am wnemployed. f Dw i wedi ymddeol. I have retired. Dw i’n gweithio gartref. I work at home. Dw rages am redeg I'm responsible for running 1 Cigydd yw e. y swyddfa. the office. 2 Ope yw hi, Dyw i'n gweithio i Jones I work for Jones & Evans. 3 Meddyg yw hi. & Evans, 4 Dyn can ywe. Dw i'n gweithio fel optegydd = [ work as an optician at § Athro yw e. yo yt . the ital. 6 Ficer yw hi. Dw i'n fy ngwaith yn = / like wry work wery mich. 7 Ysgrifenyddes yw hi. fawr iawn. Dw i ddim yn ci hoffi c I don’t like it at all, cigydd (m)-ion butcher © gwhl. optegydd (m.)-lon = optician Describing your work: ena fu Mae'n ddiflas, It's boring. thro (m.) athrawo twachar Mae'n waith caled. It’s hard work. sthrenes T)-eu teacher Mae’n talu’n dda iawn. It pays very well, ! : Mae’r cyflog yn isel iawn, = The pay os very low. Dw i'n gweithio Hawn amser. | work full tome, Dw i'n gweithio rhan amser. [ work part time.Dexercise 6 Listen to the recording, Rhiannon is talking about what she does for a living. Five of the statements are false. Can you spor which? 1 Mae Rhiannon yn hoffi gweithio. 2 Mae hi'n gweithio mewn banc. 3 Athrawes yw hi. 4 Mae'r gwaith yn ddiflas, § Mae'r gwanth yn ddiddorol. 6 Mac hi'n gweithio llawn amser. 7 Mae hi'n gweithio rhan amser. § Mac hi'n gweithio yn Abertawe. Mae hi'n gweithio yn Llandudno. 10 Mae hi'n brysur iawn ar hyn o bryd. {@ The National Assembly for Wales In July 1997 the government published a white paper, A Voice for Wales, which outlined its proposals for devolution in Wales. A referendum on September 18, 1997, endorsed these proposals and the first Assembly elections were held on May 6, 1999, The first meeting of the 60 elected members took place on May 12, 1999, at the Assembly headquarters in Cardiff Bay. The person in overall charge iis the First Minister who delegates responsibility for delivering executive functions to a number of Assembly secretaries who are responsible for individual subject areas. Together they form the Assembly's sxecutive committee, the Assembly Cabinet, which makes many of the Assembly's day-to-day decisions, < Can you now do the following? Yes No W not, = go to | Count to 100 ~~ rT 1 ‘16 Give a phone number 13 | Ask for someone’s phone number 14 | Tell someone which languages you speak 15 Give your address 17 Ask for someone's address 17 | Ask about someone's work 19 | Say what you think of your job | 21 njne} yola we peels In this unit you will learn how to * enquire about someone's * talk about someone's marttal « ask someone's age « ask how many or how much of something + talk about things younay ye we pers BDeialog 1 Elen, Jayne and Matthew discuss their families. Jayne Oes plant ‘da chi, Elen? Elen es, mae dwy ferch ‘da fi o'r enw Heledd a Siwan ond dw | eisiau rhagor o blant. Ow i'n dod o deulu mawr a hoffwn | gael teulu mawr hefyd. Mae Heledd yn bedair ed ac mae Siwan yn saith. Jayne Mae un ferch ‘da fi o'r enw Haf. Mae Hal yn un deg naw ced, mae hi'n gweithlo mewn ysgol feithrin. Mae Hat yn hotfi ei gwaith yn fawr ond dyw'r gwaith ddim yn talu’n dda iawn. Matthew Faint o frodyr a chwiorydd sy ‘da chi Elen? Elen Mae un brawd a thair chwaer ‘da fi. Beth amdanoch chi? Matthew Unig blantyn ydw | a does dim plant ‘da fi. 1 How old are Elen’s children? 2 Why does she want more children? 3 What is the disadvantage of Haf’s work? 4 Does Matthew have any brothers or sisters? orenw called rhagoro (SM) more teulu (m) -oedd — farmly yagol feithrin (f.) ysgolion meithrin nursery schoo! brawd (m.) brodyr brother chwoaer (f.) chwiondd unig blentyn Points to notice The pattern used to say you have something in Welsh is: Mae ‘da filhmed Mae fién ‘da fi. | have a phone. “de is the shortened form of gyda. Mae ffén ‘da fi literally means There is a phone with me, To say ‘he has’, ‘she has’, ‘we have’, etc., fl (me) is changed for the appropriate personal pronoun. Personal pronouns fl me fe he ni we nihw they W you fam) hi she chi you Mae fién “da fl. | have a phone. Mae fideo ‘da tl. You have a video, (fam.) Mae paned o de ‘da fo. He has a cup of tea, Mae'r manyilon ‘da hi. ‘She hes the detats. Mae mab ‘da ni. We have a son. | 25 Mae enw diddorol ‘da chi. You have an interesting name. | Mae dwy ferch ‘da nhw. They have two daughters. | ; Exercise 1 | 3 Compose sentences based on the pictures. ¢.g. Fi | t Ma llyfr "da fi. i 1 Asking if someone has something To ask if someone has something, oes takes the place of mae: ‘Oes llyfr ‘da chi? Have you got a book? Ocs ci "da fe? Has he got a dog? Oecs arian 'da John? Has Jobn got any money?Exercise 2 Look again at the pictures in Exercise 1. Compose questions based on the pictures, e.g. Ocs Ilyfr ‘da fi? 2 To say you have not got something Does dim is used to say you have not gat something: Does dim arian ‘da fe. He hasn't got any money. Does dim ci ‘da hi. She hasn't got a dog. Does dim plant ‘da nhw. They haven't got amy children, Points to notice As you saw in Unit 1, there is no one word for elther yes or no in Welsh. Questions beginning with oes are answered by saying either Os plant 'da chi? Have you got any children? Oes, mae dau fab ‘da fi. Yes, | have two sans. Ges ty ‘da fo? Has he got a house? Oes, mae ty mawr ‘da fe. Yes, he has a big house. Os ci ‘da fe? Has he got a dog? Nac oes, does dim ci ‘da fe. No, he hasn't got a dog. Exercise 3 Answer the following questions. e.g. Ocs car ‘da'r plant? |v’) cs tf “da hi? (X} 1 Ocs car ‘da nhw? (/) 2 Ocs ci ‘da ci? (X) 3 Oes arian ‘da ni? (v) 4 Oces cath ‘da John? (+) § Oes plant ‘da chi? (x) 6 Ocs llyfr ‘da hi? (*) Qes, mae car ‘da nhw. Nac oes, does dim tj "da hi. Exercise 4 Check from the table whether the following statements are trac or false, 1 Mae ci ‘da Bob, 2 Does dim cath ‘da David. 3 Mae ty mawr ‘da’r plant. 4 Does dim tf maws "da Gwenda. 5 Does dim ci 'da’r plane. 6 Mae cath ‘da Lisa, 7 Mae cath ‘da’r plant. 8 Does dim cath ‘da Bob, 9 Does dim ci ‘da Lisa. 10 Mae ty mawr ‘da Bob. Points to notice Note the following useful expressions which use gyda/"'da- Mae'n ddrwg ‘da fi, i'm sorry. Maa'n dda ‘da fi. i'm pleased. Does dim ots 'da fo. He doesn't mind. often shortened to 'sdim ots) Does dim syniad ‘da fl. I've no idea. Geni in some areas of Wales. especially in the North, you will hear ‘these forms in place of gyda/"da: gen i gynnon ni gon ti gynnoch chi @ynno fo gynnyn nw aynni hi Mae gen i ddwy ferch. I have two Gaughters. Mae gynneo fo dri mab. He has three sons. Mae gynnon ni dj mawr. We have a big house. As you can see from these examples, gen | etc. is placed straight after mae, When used in this position, gen |, gen ti etc. are followed by a soft mutation. Regional differences are discussed in more detail in Appendix 1. ODeialog 2 Tom and Matthew are talking over coffee in the leisure centre café, They have been playing squash. Tom Dw | ddim eisiau bod yn rhy hir Matthew. Hoffwn | fonio fy mab, Steffan, mae e wedi dyweddio dros y Penwythnos. Matthew Beth yw oedran Steffan? rary yoie we pevers SFTom Dau deeg pedair ced, Mae cartad Steffan yn ferch hytryd iawn, mae hi'n ddau ddeg pump oad ac yn gweithio Ir un cwmnl 4 fe. Matthew —Jiw jiw, Tom, dych chi ddim yn edrych yn ddigon hen i fod yn dad | fachgen dau ddeg pedair ced! Tom Wel, diolch ond bydda i'n bum deg cyn hit. Dw i sive o fod yn ddigon hen | fod yn dad | chi Matthew. Matthew Wel, dw i'n ddau ddeg wyth oed ond dw I'n teimio’n bum deg wyth nawr ar 4| y gém, 1 Why does Tom want to phone his son? 2 Does Tom like Steffan’s girlfriend? S 3 How old is Matthew? eet =— bod = fo be | rhy (SM) too mae e wedi dyweddio he has gol engaged Fyne, ye we peers | boy twill be te feel 3 Beth yw’ch oedran chi? How old are you? Beth yw dy oedran di? How old are you? (fam.) As you can see from the dialogues, the feminine forms of 2, 3 and 4 are used when referring to age: Dw i'n dri deg tair oed. Lam 33 years ald. Mae Ann yn un deg pedair = Ann is 14 years old. coed. Exercise 5 Write the ages of the following people in full. e.g. Sandra (32) Mae Sandra’n dri deg dwy oed. Sally (42), Bob (13), Gwyn (3), Gwenda (98), Tony (64), Alan (73), Lisa (27), Sam (59) Exercise 6 Coeden achau/family tree ‘Gwyn m. Jane e—— | David m. Angela Lisa m. lan | | Gethin Rhys John Bethan (m.= married) Points to notice In Welsh, phrases such as ‘Elen’s house’, "Gwennie’s dog’ and ‘Elen’s phone number’ are expressed by placing the thing which Is Possessed in front of tha possessor; ty Ben cl Gwennie = rhif fin Elen This pattern also translates such phrases as ‘the... of...‘ the mayor of California (the Unfvarsity of Wales the captain of the team who is? father grandmother aunt uncke husband wife grandfather nay yoyo we posersAnswer the questions based on the family tree. 1 Pwy yw tad David? 2 Pwy yw chwaer John? 11 Oces modryb "da John? 12 Oecs plant ‘da Angela? 13 es dau fab ‘da Gwyn a Jane? 14 Ocs plant ‘da Bethan? 15 Oes plant "da David? 4 Dwi’n briod /'m married Jam not married. Dew i'n sengl. I'm single. i wedi gwahanu. I'm separated. Gwr gweddw ydw i. I'm a widower, Gwraig weddw ydw i. I'm a widow, Dew i wedi cael ysgariad. Tam divorced. DeExercise 7 Listen to the recording. You will hear four people being described; fill in the grid. 5 Faint o... sy "da chi? How many/much... have you got? Sawi... sy ’da chi? How many... have you got? Faint 0 and sawl both mean ow mary? Faint o is used with plural nouns (faint o lyfran? bow many books?) and sawl with ‘singular nouns (sawl Ilyfr? bow many books?). Faint o is usually weal ae you expect a lange number in the answer or if the (answer cannot be counted: Faint o Gymraeg? How much Welsh: Faint o Gymraeg sy “da chi? See if oP sydd ar How many clips are on ee the platet Racha wwyetl How much milk is in the Faint o waith sy ‘da chi? How much work bave you got? Saw is applied only to nouns that can be counted and is followed by a singular noun: Sawl dysgwr sy yn y How mary learners are im dosbarth? the class? Sawl tiwtor sy ar y cwrs? How many tutors are om the course? Sawl wy? How many eggs? Sawl brechdan? How many sandwiches? Points to notice ‘By is a form of the present tense of bod. Sy is used after pwy, beth, ‘faint o, sawl, pa, and pa fath o when it is followed by a verb-noun, @n adjective or a preposition: Pwy sy'n gweithio? Faint sy'n dod? Beth sy'n ddiddorol? Saw thwtor sy ary cwrs. Sy'n can also mean who is, which is. Sy is the shortened version of sydd. BDeialog 3 Tom is excited after buying a new model ship to add to his collection. He asks his frends whether they collect anything. Tom Dych chi'n casglu unrhywbeth Jayne? Jayne Ydw, dw i'n casglu dreigiau. €0 nun, yoyo we pesepsrune yay@ we pews £8 Faint o ddroigiau sy ‘da chi? Mae dros ddau ddeg o ddreigiau "da fi erbyn hyn. Maan te casgiiad yn tyfu drwy’: Res tewer:n foclolon “da fi - modelau o longau o bob ve cyfnod, Wal, dw | ddim yn casglu dim byd. Dw | ddim eisiau Hlenwwi fy fflat & phethau twp fel dreigiau a llongaul at does Jayne collect and how many does she have? Does Matthew collect anything? What does Matthew think abour collecting, things? i Exercise 8 Answer the questions that follow according to the example. The questions are based on the grid of Gwyn, Tina, Clare and John's collections. Faint o recordiau sy ‘da Gwyn? Mae tri deg chwech o recordiau ‘da Gwyn, 1 Faint o lyfrau sy ‘da Clare? 2 Faint o stampiau sy “da John? 3 Faint o recordiau sy ‘da Tina? 4 Faint o longau sy ‘da Gwyn? 5 Faint o stampiau sy da Clare? 6 Faint o lyfrau sy “da Tina? Exercise 9 Many of the class members also have pets. Form questions and answers based on the following pictures. Remember thar sawl is followed by a singular noun. An example is given below, ~ wm Saw! cath sy ‘da Alison? Mac dwy gath "da hi. ~ Sob AM» & Linda ‘ewningen (I) cwninged = rabbit ceftyl (m)-au horse Welsh names There is a variety of Welsh first names, reflecting the many aspects of Welsh history, religion and culture. Many are the names of kings and queens, poets and saints and are between 1,000 and 2,000 i 5 i E 8190 Up usr pease | \£0 years old. Others reflect aspects of nature and tho Wels! countryside, while many of the most popular names today can be traced to the Four Granches of the Mabinog!, some of the okies: Weish folktales. ft is also becoming increasingly popular to give children Welsh las names. One way is to reverse an anglicitad surname fo its Welst form, for example Griffiths > Gruffudd. Another way is to use the father's first name after ap- (san) (or ab in the case of a vowel) ferch (daughter), For example, Gethin ap Phylip. Yet anothe altemative is to use the father’s first name as a last mame, foi example, Gwenilian Owen. The last name can be omitted altogethe or the name of a district can be used. (‘Gan you now do the following? | Yes | No [" not, go to page Say how many children you have|_ = 26 Say that you possess something 24 Say how old you are | | 28 Ask others how old they are | 28 Ask how much of something i someone has sd 32 Ask someone what they collect and talk about things you collect | eee if neseyjoyuue yo,e nesayyoyu yors we peels SOyI|SIP PUS SOHN] JNOA In this unit you will learn how to * say what you and others like * Use the present tense + talk about your likes, dislikes and preferences: » talk about what you do on different days of the weeknesayyoyur ya e Nese YyOY YOIe WE PRUs GDeialog 1 Elen and Jayne discuss whar they do in their spare time. Beth dych chi'n hoffi el wneud yn eich amser hamoden Jayna? Dw 'n hoffi dartien a dw i'n hofll coginic. Dw i'n mynd | nafio bob wythnos hefyd. Bw | ddim yn hotfi'r cMer ond mao fy ngWr Rob a'r plant yn nofio'n ami. Pa mor aml maen nhw'n mynd fr pwtl? Wel, mas Rob yn mynd a'r plant dair gwaith yr wythnos. Maa o'n hofli cadwin heini Pa tath o bethau dych chin eu gwneud yn eich amser rhydd? Dw i'n hott chwarae tennis a dw i'n geneud pethau gyda'r Plant. Dyn nin meriota bob penwythnos. Oes ceffyl ‘da nhw? Nac oes, ond maen nhw'n gofyn am un bob dydd. tt ~w often does Jayne swim? does Rob take to the swimming pool? Have the children got a horse? wh Points to notice The Weish word for ‘avery’ is pob. Pob rnutates softly to bab when Wt ls followed by a noun which conveys lime in one form or othe: bob dydd lau every Thursciay bob penwythnos every weekand bob amser all the time bob tro every ime bob dydd every day 1 Finding out what someone likes doing in their spare time Beth dych chi'n hoffi el wneud yn eich amser hamdden? Dw i'n hoffi coginio. Dw i ddim yn holffi chwarae pél-droed. Beth mae e'n hoffi ei wneud yn ei amser hamdden? Mae ¢'n hoffi chwarae Dyw ¢ ddim yn boffi merloca cticed. o gwhl. Beth mae hi'n hoffi ei wneud yn ei hamser hamdden? Mae hi'n hoffi mynd i'r Dyw hi ddim yn hoffi mynd sinema, i'r dafarn. Beth maen nhw’‘n hoffi ei wneud yn eu hamser hamdden? Maen ohw'n hoffi mynd Dyn nhw ddim yn hoffi i'r theatr. chwaracon 0 gwhl.Points to notice ‘You will have noticed the diferent letter changes after the pronouns in the last examples. (We look at pronouns again in Unit 10.) Both ad (her) and eu (their) cause the letter ‘h’ to be placed in front of a vowel: ‘ei horen hi (her orange): eu horen nhw [fheir orange). So far in the course you have seen some of the forms of the verb-noun bed (fo be). Here is the complete lst; dw arn) yew FP gan 17) ches I ddim {Fim nc rwyt ti (you are) wyt ti? fare you?) duyt 8 dim (rou're noth mage (he i) yoye? (6 he?) dyw @ ddim (e's 04 mavo hi (ster is) yoy hi? (is she?) tywe hii dictien (she's moe) yn nid (we are) dyn ni? (are we?) dyn ni dafira (rare nox} dych chi Govare) = dych chi? (are yeu?) dych chi delim (youre not) maven nw (ihey are} dym mibw? (are they?) dyn nia didllen (they're no} Dyn ni ddim yn nertus. We are not nervous. Maen nhw'n dod o They come from Pontypridd. Bontypridd. Dyn nhw'n gweilthio’n galed? Are thoy working hard? In English, there are three ways of expressing the present tensa, i.e. | read, | am reading, | do read. In Welsh, these are all expressed in the same way: Dw i'n darilen, Dych chi'n darilen? Do you read? Are you reading? ‘You will also have noticed yw in sentences such as Beth yw'ch rhit ffdn chi? Pwy yw tad David? Yw is used when two nouns refer to the same thing or have the same identity: Yagrifenyddes yw hi. ‘You might also hear ydy: Beth ydy'ch rhif fon chi? Beth ydy'ch enw chi? Yaegrifenyddes ydy hi. Even when the subject of a sentence is plural (Mae'r plant yn meriota; mae'r dysgwyr yn y dosbarth), the verb used is mae, the third person singular. Exercise 1 How would you say the following sentences in Welsh? 1 I like sugar and strong black coffee. 2 He is very interesting. 3 They aren’r busy. 4 Are we playing football tomorrow? § Are they learning Welsh in an evening class? 6 Is he nervous? 7 You are not going to the cinema again! (fam.) 8 We like sports. 9 He doesn't collect ships. 10 Are they enjoying the swimming? 2 Saying how often someone does their hobby Pa mor aml dych chi'n sgio? How offen do you ski? Dw i'n rhedeg yo aml. T run often. Dw i'n merlota nawr ac ! Bo pony trekking now ‘yn y man. and again, Mae e’n cadw'n heini He keeps fit trotce a week. ddwywaith yr wythnos, Mae hi'n nofio yn yr haf. She swims int surnmer. Maen chw'n sgio yn y gacaf, They ski in avinter. Points to notice ‘You have already seen the word gwaith which means work. Gwaith can also mean time. When meaning time, it Is a feminine singular noun and therefore the feminine numbers you saw in Unit 3 are used. In the sentence Mae e'n cadw'n heini ddwywalth yr wythnos, dwywaith mutates as it is an adverb of time. Di Exercise 2 Listen to the recording and fill in the table. iwi) 3 Pa fath o raglenni teledu dych chi’n eu hoffi? Dw i'n hoffi thaglenmi natur. Dyn ni'n hoffi rhaglenni ffagwyddonol. Pa fath o raglenni teledu mac = Mae e’n hotfi rhaglenni Phyl yn cu hoffi? . Pa fath o raglenni macn Maen nhw’n hoffi dramau. ohw’'n eu hoffi?haglen (f.) -ni = prograrnme natur (f.) nature flugwyddonal rhagien ddogfen ({) rhaglenn! dogten (f.) documentary drama (I) dramiu = plays ODeialog 2 Marthew is a keen cricket fan and wants to know if Tom would like to watch the game berween England and Australia on his television. Matthew = Dych chi'n dod i wylio’r gém, Tom? Mae teledu symudol ‘da fi yn fy ystatell. Tom Pa gom? Matthew Yr un rhwng Licegr ac Awstralia wrth gwrs. Does dim dididordeb ‘da chi mewn criced ‘te? Tom Oes, mae tipyn bach o ddiddordeb ‘da fi, ond mae'n well ‘da fi sneweer, Dw i'n mynd | chwarae yn y dafarn mawr ac yn y man. Matthew Dw I'n hoff o chwarae snwcer hetyd. Eten Mae'n gas ‘da fi griced ond mae Rob yn hoffi'r gém yn fawr iawn. Fe yw capten tim y diret. Tom Mae mwy 0 ddiddorded ‘da fl mewn rygbi. Dw i'n mynd | wylo fy nhim rygbi leo! bob wythnos yn y gaealf, 1 Does Tom like cricket? 2 Whar sport does Elen's husband play? 3 What team does Tom follow every week? 4 How to ask if someone is interested in something The gyda construction introduced in Unit 3 can also be used when talking about interests and preferences: Oecs diddordeb ‘da chi Are you interested im history? mewn hanes? Oecs diddordeb ‘da chi > = neaeyoyue yo,e NeuewoU YOO We pes Are you interested in mewn ddiaeth? literature? Oes diddordeb'da chi yn = Are you interested in y theatr? the theatre? Nac oes, dw i'n credu ei fod No, J think it is boring. e'n ddi Mae diddordeb mawr "da I have a great interest in it, ‘PO fi ynddo fe. "Sdim diddordeb ‘da fi Tam not interested im it at all. ynddo fe o gwhl. The gyda construction is also used to express a hatred of ing: Mae'n gas ‘da ni ffilmiau We hate borror films. Mae'n gas ‘da hi goginio. = She hates cooking. You could also say: Dyn nin casau fflmiaw arswyd. We bate horror films. Mae hi'n casau coginio. She hates cooking. Preferences are also expressed using gyda: Mae'n well "da fe nofio. He prefers swimming. Points to notice Mewn as you saw in Unit 1 means ‘in’ and |s followed by an indefinite noun: ‘Oes diddordeb ‘da ti mewn criced? (in general) ‘Yn is used with definite nouns; ‘es diddordeb ‘da ti yn y criced? (lc. a particular match) Definite: a word preceded by elther y, a proper name (Cardiff, Sam), a pronoun (ma, her) or a possessive pronoun (my, her}. A soft mutation follows the construction: mae'n gas ‘da fl and mae'n well ‘da ti: Mae'n gas ‘da fi griced. J hate erick. Mae'n well ‘da hi feriota, She prefers pony trekking.Exercise 3 The grid shows how different people (Sonia, Byron and Catrin) rate different activities. [Byron | atrn sno {iono [reno _| 10/10 orto 20 0/10 S/10 3/10 ann waco | 0 [wo [0 opera sebon (1) operu sebon soap opera newyddion news | Using the grid, fill in the blanks in the sentences. 1 Mae’n well ‘da Sonia 2 Mae'n gas ‘da Byron __ 5 3 Mae Catrin yn eithaf hoffo 4 Dyw Sonia ddim yn hoffi na me 5 Mae'n gas ‘da Catrin 6 Mae Byron yn cithaf hoff o'r newyddion, ond mae'n well "da 7 Dw Catein dees ‘ddim yn hoffi'r newyddion 0 gwbl, mac'n well "da hi . 5 Dyddiau’r wythnos Days of the week nes Sul Sunday evening/nght nos Lun Monday evening/mght nos Fawrth Tuesday evening/night dydd Mercher Wednesday mos Fercher Wednesday inafniah dydd lau Thursday nos law Thursday tg ig : dydd Gwener Friday nos Wener Friday eveming/night eri 6 How to find out where someone is going Ble dych chi’n mynd? Dhw i'n mynd i'r theacr, Pryd dych chi'n mynd? Dw i'n mynd dydd lau. Sui dych chi'n mynd? Pam dych chi'n mynd? Dw i'n mynd ar y bws, Dew i'n mynd i -weld drama. mewn awyren in an geroplane ar long on a ship mewn tacsi it a tenet Points to notice I'r theatr - fo the theatre. Sometimes you say ‘to the’ in Welsh where you say only ‘to...’ im English. The main examples are: i'r ysgol, fo school, 'r eghwys, to church, l'r capel, fo chapel, i'r dref, to tows, i'r dosbarth, fo class, I'r gwely, to bed, I'r ysbyty, fo hospital. Mae Sién yn y gwely, Sidn is in bed. ¥ Is also used when you would normally say ‘in’ in English. You would use yn y rather than just ym with the words just listed: yn yr ysgol, at school, yn yr egiwys, in church etc. GDeialog 3 After the cricket game has finished, Matthew rejoins his friends who are discussing clubs and societies. Matthew Dw i'n hoffi canu hefyd, dw i'n aelod o gr y capel yn Uundain. Dyn nin ymarfer bob nos Fencher ac yn canu yn y Qwasanaeth bore dydd Sul. Elen Dych chi'n eystadiu mewn eisteddfedau? Matthew ‘dyn, gwaetha’r modd. Dyn ni'n cystadlu yn yr eisteddfodau yn Llundain ond dyn ni ddim yn ennill yn ami, Dw | ddim yn rhy hoff o eisteddfoday a chystaciu, Elen ‘Oes rhywun arall yn aeiod o gér neu gymdelthas? Dw i'n aelod o Merched y Wawr, dyn niin cwrdd bob mis yn festri'r capel. Tom Ow I'n aelod o'r gymdeithas hanes lleol yn y dref. Jayne Mae diddordeb ‘da fi mewn hanes, ond dw i ddim yn aelod o unrhyw gymdelthas hanes. Dw i'n aslod o'r chwb golff. 1 Does Matthew practise every Friday night? 2 Is Matthew's choir successful? 3 Is Jayne a member of a history society?Points to notice in Welsh, phrases such as the choir of the church, the church choir and the church's choir are all expressed the same way; the two parts of the phrase are placed together: oor y capel. ‘The words ‘of the’ are not translated: fostri'r capel the chapel vestry/the vestry of the chapel/the chapel's tim hoci'r ysgo! the school's hockey tear! the hockey tear of the schoo! Note that the answer to Dych chi...?, when you are addressing a group of people is Ydyn/Nac ydyn: Dych chi'n hoffi chwarae golff? Ydyn in Welsh, if you are talking about a particular day, there is no need to use the word ar (on): Ble dych chi'n mynd Where are you gaing ddydd Liun? on Monalay? {on a specific Monday) By putting ar in front of a day of the week, you are saying thal you go somewhere or do something on that day every week: ar ddydd Liun fon Mondays): Dw ?'n mynd | nofio ar ddydd Gwener, 1 go swimming on Fridays. 7 Beth yw’ch hoff ffilm chi? What is your favourite film? The Welsh word for favourite is hoff. Hoff belongs to a special group of adjectives that come before the noun. All adjectives coming before the noun they describe cause a soft mutanon: Beth yw'ch hoff lyfr chi? What is your favourite book? Beth yw'ch hoff fwyd chi? = What is your favourite food? ee ee a ethene Ri ep My fanciciiin ts StarWars. Fy hoff fwyd yw bananas. = My favourite food is bananas. Points to notice The other main adjectives which behave in the same way as hoff and come before the noun are hen (old), unig (ony) and peif (main; hen lyr, an old book: unig ddiddordeb, only interest: pri ddiddordeb, main hobby, main interest. 8 Describing someone You will remember the pattern used in Unit 3 to say that you possess something: Mae car ‘da fi. We use the same pattern to describe someone's physical fearures: Mae gwalle du “da fe. He bas black hair. Mae clustiau mawr ‘da nhw. They have hig ears. Mae llygaid gwyrdd‘dahi. She bas green eyes. Exercise 4 Elen a'i dosbarth Elen and her class Mae Elen yn ferch bert iawn. Mae gwallt cyrliog du ‘da hi. Mae ei gwallt yn fyr iawn. Mae hi'n denau ac yn fyt. Mae Itygaid brown ‘da hi. Mae Tom yn dal iawn ac mae trwyn hir "da fe. Mae gwallt brown syth ‘da fe a barf dewchus. Mae mwstas “da fe hefyd. Dyw Matthew ddim yn benfoel eto ond mac ¢'n dechrau colli ci wallt. Mae e'n ol mae lygaid glas ‘da fe a gwallt coch. Mae Jayne yn pm ac yn gwenu trwy'r amser. Mae gwallt hir melyn ‘da hi a wyneb crwn. Mae llygaid glas ‘da hi, eepoupue yo, eswOU Ys! UNE PENS v0Iygad (f) Ilygaid = eye pert pratty cyrilog = curly byr = short tenau thin tel = tall trwyn (m.)-au nose syth straight barf ()-au beard trwehus = thick mwestas (m.) mwetashis moustache penfoel = baky sto yer colli (coll-) fo Jose, to miss folygus handsome gles) = blue gwenu (gwen-) fo smile melyn = yellow wyneb (m)-au face crwn = round Answer the following questions. 1 Is Tom taller than Elen? 2 Has Marthew got blue eyes? 3 Who has red hair? 4 Who has curly hair? § What is the colour of Jayne's hair? 6 Has Jayne got short hair? 9 Asking someone if they can do something Dych chi'n gallu gyrru car? Can you drive a car? Dych chi'n gallu Can you use a computer? eytrifiadur? ‘ Dych chia galia chwarse Can you play a musical offeryn cerddoro instrament? Asking how easy or how difficult something is Pa mor hawdd yw hi? How easy is it? Pa mor anodd yw hi? How difficult is it? Mae hi'n anodd. It as difftcul, Mae hi’n eithaf anodd. It is quite difficult, Mae'n ddigon hawdd. It is easy enough. Mae'n shy anodd. It ts too difficult. Asking how someone is getting on at something Sut dych chi'n dod ymlaen? How are you genting on? Dw i'n g yn dda iawn. Pur dobaiies wal Dwi yn gwneud yn dda, J'm not doing well. Dw in anobeishiol: I'm hopeless. Asking how often someone has lessons Pa mor aml dych chi'n How often do you have cael i? lessons? Dw i'n cael gwers bob I bave a lesson every nos Lun. Monday might. Welsh societies There are many different societies in Wales operating in the Welsh . Urdd Gobaith Cymru, a voluntary youth movement founded in 1922, organizes activities such as quizzes, sports and trips locally, nationally and regionally. There are two Urdd activity ‘centres at Llangrannog and Glanilyn near Bala, where Urdd members: can experience a wide range of outdoor activities. The Urdd organizes an annual eisteddfod held al the end of May which is believed to be the largest youth festival in Europe. Merched y Wawr is a Welsh social movement for women which was founded in 1967. It has branches throughout Wales and organizes an annual eisteddiod and publishes a quarterly magazine entitied ¥ Wewr, A sister organization, Gwawr, was recently founded with the aim of attracting younger members to the movement. Cymdeithas Edward Liwyd is a society for anyone who is interested in nature and the history of Wales, its main activity being organized walks which are held weekly. Study sessions and workshops are held at regular intervals and a magazine entitied Y Naturiasthwr is printed annually.5) | Can you now do the following? Yos [No [it not, | go to page Say what you and others like - 3] s g| | doing 37 a8 Say how often someone does E their hobby 19 i | Talk abour what television s programmes you like 39 Talk about things you dislike = | | 41 | 2 Say whar day of the week ir is | 42 | Talk abour your favourite film, | book or food 45 Ask someone if they can do | something 46 Describe someone | | 45 | SS _—————————— i nt < =: oO | In this unit you will jearn ue Bundeooe pue Bulpue}xe peippoyemb uAquiep e uAjsoaUAQOP & uAySO 8 if GDeialog 1 “soy invites some of her group to go to the local eisteddfod with er. Mae hi'n Wyl y banc y penwythnos ‘ma a bydd eisteddfod yn Newadd y Dref. Hoffech chi ddod? Mae tocynnau ‘da fi i'r cyngerdd nos Sadwm . Ma hoftwn, dw i'n mynd i lawer o eisteddfodau yn Liundain, Mae'n gas ‘da fl edrych er blant yn perttormio! Mae diddordeb ‘da fi mewn mynd, dw i eisiau cael y cyfle i glywed Cymraeg ac i ymarfer yr iaith. Dyn ni ddim yn cael digon o gyfle i siarad 4 Chymry Cymraag ar y cwrs, does dim digon o amser ‘da ni, Maen nhw'n siarad yn gyflym iawn yn yr ardal ‘ma. Hottwn | ddod hetyd, mae'n gas ‘da fi eisteddiodau ond hoftwn i ymarfer fy Nghymraeg. Oych chi eisiau tocyn I'r cyngerdd? Yow, os gwehwch yn dda. Dim dioich — yeh a fi. Gat | bedwar tocyn, os gwelwch yn dda. Mae fy ngwraig. fy mab a’i gariad yn dod i ymweld 4 fir penwythnos "ma. Y¥dyn nhw'n siarad Gymraeg? Nae ydyn, ond mae tipyn bach o Gymraeg ‘da Jenny, cariad Stetian. Mae hi'n mynd i ddosbarth bob nos. Lun mewn tafarn yn y dred. 1 Does Matthew want to go to the cisteddfod? 2 How many people are coming to stay with Tom? 3 Where is Jenny learning Welsh? oy py 1 Extending invitations Hoffech chi...? Would you like...? Dych chi eisiau...? Do you want,..? Hoffech chi ymuno a ni wer like to foun us ‘heno? : Dych chi cisian dod i'r parti? boa sesttoceenicalipeigi 2 Accepting and refusing an invitation Yes, | would like to come very much, No, | bave too much work, Na hoffwa, mae gormod o waith ‘da fi, Pam lai, dw i ddim yn Why not, Int not busy today. brysur heddiw, Ais | ae, mae'n ddrwg I» sorry, I can't. Nac ydw, mae'n welli fi No, Id better stay im tonight, aros I mewn 1, Ydw, dw i'n hofficwrdd @ Yes, | like meeting new phobl newydd. people, 3 Ways of saying you're sorry Mae'n ddrwg “da fi. I'm Mae'n ddrewg calon "da fi. I'v really sorry. Mae’n thaid i fi ymddiheuro. I have to apologize. 4 Giving excuses Nethhan sR ctegtiae I hawe to look efter the Dw i'n mynd i gael cinio I'm going to have dinner gyda fy rhieni. with mry parents. Dw i wedi addo mynd allan [ have promised to go out john, with Jobn. Mae hi'n chy oer i nofio. Points to notice Nolte the soft mutation after hoffech chi: hoffech chi ddo«t? Wedi is used with the present tense to express have: Dw I'n mynd tam going Dw i wed! mynd | have gone It's too cold to swim. uiawe puke = &We look at wedi in more detail in Unit 6. Mae'n rhaid i fi () musi. A soft mutation follows the word fi. Ahaid is covered in more detail in Unit 7. Exercise 1 Look at these seven sentences based on Deialog 1, Are thry true or false? 1 Bydd yr cisteddfod yn y dafarn, 2 Does dim tocynnau “da Elen. 3 Mae Matthew'n hoffi gweld plant yn perfformio, 4 Mae Jayne yn siarad a Chymry Cymraeg bob dydd. § Mae'n gas ‘da Tom eisteddfodau. 6 Dyw Marthew ddim eisiau tocyn. 7 Mae mab Tom yn mynd i ddosbarth. D Exercise 2 Listen to the recording and then answer the questions. Three flatmates are discussing what they are doing that evening. 1 What is the invitation for? 2 Why doesn't Ceri want to go? 3 How many go in the end? 5 Asking someone what they will be doing Beth dych chi'n ci wneud What are you doing nos ? Beth dych chi'n ci wneud y = Wihat are you doing this prynhawn "ma? ? I'm not doing anything. dim byd. Dw i’n rhydd nos yfory. I'm free tomorrow night. 6 Question and answer forms As you saw in Unit 1, there is no one word in Welsh for ‘yes’ or ‘no’, Here are the answer forms for the present tense: Ydw = Yes (I avn) Nac ydw No (Ir: mot) Wyt = Yes (yow are) = Nacwyt No (you're mor) (fam.) YVdy = Yes (hefshe is)’ Nac ydy = No (he's/sbe’s not) Ydyn = Yes (we are) Nac ydyn No (we're mot) Ydych Yes (you are) Nac ydych No (you're mot} Ydyn = Yes (they are) Nac ydyn No (they're nict) Dych chi'n dod o Gymru? Ydw. Dyn ohw'n nerfus? Nac ydyn. Exercise 3 Answer the following questions according to the example. Y¥dyn nhw eisiau mynd i ferlota? (7) = Ydyn 1 Ydy Elen eisiau dod i'r dafarn nos Wener? (x) 2 Dych chi cisiau chwarae ericed heno?(#) 3 Hoffech chi weld y ffilo? (v7) 4 Ydyn ni'n cwrdd nos Wener? (x) § Ocs chwaer ‘da hi? (X) 6 Ydw i'n ennill? (4) 7 Hoffech chi gystadlu yn yr cisteddiod? (*) 8 Gaf i'r manylion os gwelwch yn dda? (“) 9 Oes sinema yn y dre? (“) 10 Gaf i ddod gyda chi i'r clwb heno? () Exercise 4 Rhagolygon y tywydd Weather forecast On Sunday morning the farming forecast on Radio Cymru summarizes the weather for the following week: Os dych chi'n teithio fore dydd Lun, mae rhybudd o rew i Gymru gyfan. Bydd hi'n sych a heulog yn y bore ond bydd glaw’n dod o'r gorllewin a bydd hi'n wlyb iawn erbyn y prynhawn. Bydd hi'n rhewi unwaith eto yn y nos, a bydd hi’n niwlog iawn yn y de. Bydd hi'n sych bore dydd Mawrth ond bydd hi'n mynd yn gymylog iawn a bydd cawodydd trwm yn y prynhawn. Bydd y tymberedd yn naw gradd Celsius, pedwar deg naw gtadd Fahrenheit. Bydd gwyntoedd yn chwythu'n gryf o'r Sorlewia. nen ee et Ey ime iw yny . y tymberedd yn un deg tair gradd Celsius, pum deg chwech gradd Fahrenheit.wAquep @ uAjee z Bydd hi'n wyntog iawn pnt lau a bydd y eae eryf a’r glaw trwm yn gwneud gyrru'n suede. be tywydd yn naw gradd Celsius, pedwar deg naw i Fahrenheit. Bydd y tywydd yn well y penwythnos nesaf. Bydd hi'n heulog ac yn sych ddydd Gwener a dydd Sadwmn. Bydd y tymberedd yn un deg wyth gradd Celsius, chwe deg pedair gradd fahrenheit. 1 Will it be dry on Monday afternoon? 2 What will the temperature be on Tuesday? 3 Will ir rain in South Wales on Wednesday? 4 Whar will make driving conditions difficult on Thursday? § Is the weather likely to improve over the weekend? Points to notice As you saw in the excuse, Mae hi'n rhy oer I noflo, and in the radio weather forecast, when discussing the weather the feminine forms of the verb bod are used: Mae hi'n stormus hecdiw. Bydd hi'n oer yfory. it is stormy toclay. it will be cold tomorrow. Mae hf'n is offer contracted to mae'n: Mae'n stormus heddiw ¥ivy always comes before the seasons in Welsh: yr hat summer yr hydret autumn yqaeaf winter yowanwyn spring To discuss today's weather the present tense is used: Sut mae'r tywydd heddiw? = How is me woather tocay? In conversational Welsh you are likely to hear people using the immediate future: Mae'n mynd | twrw glaw. Mae'n mynd | hwrw cesair. Exercise 5 Points of the compass it is going to rain, It is going to hel. Gogledd-ddwyrain Dwyrain De-ddwyrain. De Look at the map of Wales in the front of this book (page xvi) and locate the following places, ¢.g. Mae Pwllheli yn y gogledd orllewin. Pwllheli, Tyddewi, Aneeer Harlech, Caerdydd, Wrecsam, Abertawe, Conwy. Points to notice Nasal mutation Yn (in) causes the nasal mutation, There is an example of this when Tom says in Unit 2 that ha is a solicitor, yng Nghaerdydd. Look at the latter changes on the mutation chart on page xviii, The preposition yn (in), is never shortened. Yn Itself changes Its sound before m, mh, ng and ngh to be like the sound it creates:58 Porimerion ym Mbhortmelrion Caeryddin yng Mghaertyrdidin Bangor ym Mangor Gwynedd yng Ngwynedd $] yn yaNmywyn—Dalgeliau yn Noigeliau = &8 The National Eisteddfod 3 The National Eisteddfod is the main cultural festival in Wales. It is held annually during the first full week in August and the location alternates between North and South Wales. There are three main ceremonies during Eisteddfod week — the Crowning ceremony to honour the best free verse poet, the Prose oO Medal Ceremony and the Chairing ceremony tor the best ode written Gh| sin strict metres. Around the main pavilion where these ceremonies are held, there are various stalls including the visual arts, crafts, learners, drama, science, etc. ‘Can you now do the following? | Yes No | ifnet, ch | gots Ask someone whether they | would like to do something | Tell someone you would like to do something Refuse to do something Say you are sorry and give an excuse | Ask what someone will be | doing | Describe the weather j | Now turn to page 241 and try progress test 1. ENOA ° =. > © a) = oO > > O TS © In thi unit you will learn how to * ask someone for something in ashop F ni + say how much something costs * express an opinion on something + say you have done something + describe somethingGDeialog 1 Elen goes shopping after receiving an invitation to a wedding party. Bore da. Gaf ich helpu chi? Bore da, Dw i'n chwilio am esgidiau maint pump. Pa fath o esgidiau dych chi eu heisiau? “Sdim ots, ond dw i eisiau eu gwisgo nhw gyda firog. Ow i wedi cael gwahoddiad i barti priodas nos Sadwrn nesaf. Unrhyw liw arbennig? Mae'r tirog yn las ond mae’n gas ‘da fi esgidiau gwyn neu dod, At il weld beth sy ‘da ni. it shoe size is Elen? is the wedding party? colour is Elen’s dress? dys najey yoy et i PAA 1 Offering assistance Gaff i’ch helpu chi? May I help you? Alla i'ch chi? Can I belp you? Dych chi'n chwilio am Are you looking for ig? rywheth arbennig? something in particular? Beth dych chi ei eisiau? What do you want? 2 Asking for something in a shop You already know gaf i? (may J have?) and hoffwn i (J world ike). Here are some other useful phrases for asking for something in a shop. _please? ? Dw i'n chwilio am___ I'm looking for __ Ocs __ “da chi? Have you any__? Dych chi'n gwerthu ___? Do you sell__? Dw icisiau Twant Ble mae'r___ os gwelwch = Where is the _ yn dda? Allai gael? Can Thave Exercise 1 a Using the phrase Dw i'n chwilio am___ tell the shop assistant that you are looking for the following items (see pictures). Remember that am causes a soft mutation. b Repeat exercise a, this time using the phrase Alla i gael 3 Lliwiau Co/fours oren orange gwyrdd green porttor purple ty grey brown brown cech red las tywyll dark blue glas golau light blue st ENo Mdyoy yo, pe 8| Sdo ndjay yoy eB Exercise 2 Complete the sentences using the items im brackets in the sentence (remember to mutate if necessary). a Dwi'n chwilio am . (black trousers) b Ocs ‘da chi? (blue eyes) ¢ Dyeh chi'n gwerthu ? (wedding invitations} d Alla i gael _ = ? (a cheese sandwich) e Gafi _____? fresh orange juice) f Ble mae fy ? (brown suit) frowsus (m.)-eu trousers cawa im) cheese ffres = fresh Exercise 3 You go to a clothes shops to buy a suit. Complete your side of the dialogue. Siopwr = Dych chi'n chwilio am rywbeth arbennig? Chi Say yes, you want a dark suit for a wedding. Slopwr Dych chi wedi gweld rhywbeth dych chi'n ei hoff? Chi Say no, ask if they have more suits. Siopwr Nac oes, ond byddwn nin cael rhagor dydd Mercher. Pryd mae'r briodas’? Chi Teil him it's next Saturday. Siopwr Does dim llawer o ameer “da chi. Dych chi'n gallu dod i'r siop dydd Mercher? chi Say yes, and thank him, siwt (f.) lau suit byddwn ni we will be CG Deialog 2 Elen is mot the only person shopping for the wedding party... Cwsmer = Ydy hi'n bosib | fi drio hon? Siopwr Ydy, wrth gwrs. Mae'r ystafell newid ar y chwith. Cwamer Dialch. (She goes to try the dress ors.) Cwamer Mae'n rhy dyn, a dyw'r iliw ddim yn ty shwtio L Oes rhai mwy ‘da chi? Sloowr ‘Ces, mae digon o ddewis ‘da ni. Mae llawer o iwiau a meintiau eraill ‘da ni. Pa liw hoffech chi? a1 CGwamer Oes rhai du ‘da chi? Mae'n well ‘da fi ffrogiaw hi hetyd. i 1 Where is the changing room? 2 Wharis 3 What colour with the dress? the customer ask for? 4 Asking for more detail about something you want to buy Oes rhai eraill ‘da chi? Have you got any others? Pa liwiau sy “da chi? Which colours have you got? Dych chi'n gwerthu Do you sell other types? mathau eraill? Pa fath o gameras sy What types af camera do "da chi? you have? Pa mor ddrud dyn nhw? How expensive are they? Oes rhagor o'r rhain ‘da chi? ~Hawe you got more of these? Points to notice erall/eraill. Both these words mean other. Aral is used with singular nouns and eralll with plural nouns: fw arall another colour Wiwiau araill other cofours frog arall another cress ffrogiau eralll ofher dresses ‘You have already seen pa mor in Unit 4, meaning how, It is only used with adjectives. Pa mor causes a soft mutation: pa mor gryf, pa mor fawr, pa mor dywyll.Pa means which, although you will sometimes hear ‘what" in corresponding English senlences: Pa letthoedd eraill dych chin eu siarad? What other languages do you speak? Other useful phrases using pa include: pa fath? (what type?) paliw? (whieh colour?) pa rel? (which ones?) pa un? (which one?). 5 Asking the price of something Faint yw'r gwin ‘ma? How much is this wine? Beth yw pris y bara"ma? = = What is the price of this bread? Faint sy arna i? How much do I owe? Asking what the total price is Faint yw hynny i gyd? How rmuch is all that? Points to notice ‘You have already seen how to say this weekend: y penwythnos 'ma; and this afternoon: y bore ‘ma in Unit 5. To say ‘this ss ', y Is placed In front of the word and "ma. after it: yr arian 'ma this money, y bwyty ‘ma this restaurant, y capel ‘ma this chapel, With plural nouns, yo "ma takes the meaning ‘these: y chwaraeon 'ma these sports, y dramau ‘ma, these plays. To say ‘that sy is placed in front of the noun and ‘na after it: yr ystafell na that room, y rhaglen ‘na that programme, yr ysbyty ‘na that hospital, With plural nouns, y ‘na takes the meaning ‘those ‘oy meintiau ‘na those aires, y aglodion 'na those chips. The Welsh word for ‘all’ is | gyd. which comes after the noun: y plant i gydi al the children, fy chwiorydd | gyd al! my sisters. 6 Giving the price of something You are familiar with the feminine and masculine forms of the numbers 2, 3 and 4. The words ceining (penmy) and punt (pound) are both feminine, and therefore the feminine forms dwy, tair and pedair are used. Cant (100) is masculine and like pump and chwech, drops the last consonant before a noun. Mil (1,000), like ceiniog and punt, is feminine in South Wales, and therefore uses the feminine forms of numbers. Note the following examples: Sle pum deg un geiniog 73e saith deg tair ceiniog ae ies ge chwe gene ceiniog 50 1 it pun camiog £18.14 oe dee roth put won.dek poduté velellg £322 i ddeg, bun £500 pum can punt £1,000 = mil o bunnau £2,000 dwy fil o bunnau It is common to use the phrase o bannau (of pownds), instead of punt when dealing with large amounts of money. Exercise 4 You are working as a shop assistant and customers are asking what various items cost. Answer their questions, 1 Pa mor ddrud yw'r esgidiau ‘ma? (£35.00) 2 Faint yw'r ffrog ‘ma? (£56.99) 3 Faint mae'r car 'ma’n ei gostio? (£6,580) 4 Beth yw pris ¥ siwt "ma? (£258.82) 5 Faint yw'r sgert ‘ma? (£16.25) 6 Beth hg y ty ‘na? (£65,458) 7 Pa mor ddrud yw'r te ‘ma? (32c) 8 Faine mae'r ceffyl ’na’n ei gostio? (£1,043) ODeialog 3 Tom is keen to add another model ship to his collection and goes to a specialist shop to find one, Esgusodweh fi, Faint yw hwn? £38.99. Mae'n thy ddrud i fi Dw i ddim elsiau talu cymaint & hynny. Oes rhai rhatach ‘da chi? ‘es. Beth am hwn? Mae e'n costo £21.50. Mae hynny'n thesymol lawn. Ydy, cymera i hwnna ‘te. Dyma becwar deg punl. Oces newid ‘da chi? (Ces, mae digon o newid ‘da fi. Diolch am eich help. apg gee diye ndjou yoy io BB1 How does Tom say ‘I don't want to pay as much as that"? 2 How much does Tom give the assistant? 3 Has the assistant got enough change? eegusodwch fi excuse me idirud cymaint 4(AM) = as much as rhatach cheaper rhed costio focost rhesymol = reasonable cymera i — | will take | newid (m.)-ladau change Na Points to notice Eartier in this unit we introduced the patiarn y ‘ma to oxprest ‘this ___*. wn and hen also mean this in Welsh. Hwn is usec with masculine nouns and hon ls used with feminine nouns: y tocyr hwmn, this ticket, y rhaglen hon, this programme, Unlike the patter y —__ ‘ma, hwn and bon can be used without referring to the name of the object: Faint yw hwn? How much & this? Faint yw hon? How much is this? Mase hwn yn dda. This is good. Hwnna/honna. To say ‘that one’ the words hwnna and honna are used. Hwnna is used with masculine nouns and honna with feminine nouns. The words hyn (this) and hynny (that) are used when referring tc something abstract, such as news, events and sayings: Yay e wedi gwneud hynny? = Has he done that? Both rwyt ti'n of fedctwl What do you think am hyn? about this? Y rhain means ‘theea’ and is used when you do not name the object Faint yw'r rhain? How much are these? Y rheina means ‘those’ and is also used when you do not name the object: Faint yw'r rheina? How much are those? GeExercise 5 Listen to che recording and filll in the grid. Matthew goes shopping at the local grocer. Matthew Ow / eisiau tatws newydd os gwelwch yn dda. Groser Saw cilo dych chi ¢! eisiau? Tatws lleol dyn mw. Matthew Faint maen nhw'n ei gostio? Groser Dau ddeg pum cainiog y cilo. Matthew Gal | bum cilo os gwelwch yn dda? Groser Dyna chi, Dych chi edsiau rhywbeth arall? Matthew dw. Dych chi'n gwerthu wyau? Groser = dyn. Mae wyau clos ‘da ni os dych chi stsiau, maen nhw’'n costio £1.50 y dwsin. Mae'r wyau eraill yn £1.15 y ‘dwsin, Matthew = Cymera i'r wyau clos, os gwelwch yn dda. A hoffwn | flodirasychen hetye. Groser Mae'n ddinwg ‘da fi, does dim ar &i "da ni. Matthew wel, diolch yn fawr beth bynnag. Oes bresych ‘da chi? Groser = Oe, maen nhw'n S3c yr un, jatthew = Dyna’r cwhb! dicich, it’s special about the new potatoes that Matthew buys? the grocer sell eggs? Marthew buy a cauliflower? tel