Mathematics Minor Courses

Course Code Course Title Credit

Hour
MTH-111 Basic Mathematics I 3(3-0)
MTH-112 Basic Mathematics II 3(3-0)
MTH-301 Calculus-I 3(3-0)
MTH-302 Calculus-II 3(3-0)
MTH-303 Discrete Mathematics 3(3-0)
MTH-309 Applied Mathematics-I 3(3-0)
MTH-321 Mathematics-I (Algebra and Trigonometry) 3(3-0)
MTH-322 Mathematics-II (Introduction to Calculus) 3(3-0)
MTH-323 Calculus and Analytic Geometry 3(3-0)
MTH-324 Multivariable and Integral Calculus 3(3-0)
MTH-325 Business Mathematics 3(3-0)
MTH-327 Introduction to Mathematics and Statistical Theory 3(3-0)
MTH-405 Differential Equation-I 3(3-0)
MTH-406 Differential Equation-II 3(3-0)
MTH-423 Differential Equations & Transforms 3(3-0)
MTH-424 Linear Algebra 3(3-0)
MTH-429 Introduction to Metric and Topological Spaces 3(3-0)
MTH-433 Mathematics for Chemists-I 3(3-0)
MTH-434 Mathematics for Chemists-II 3(3-0)
MTH-435 Mathematical Method and Vector Analysis 3(3-0)
MTH-436 Linear Programming 3(3-0)
MTH-521 Numerical Computing 3(3-0)
MTH-523 Mathematics III 3(3-0)
MTH-525 Mathematics for Chemists 2(2-0)

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY,
FAISALABAD
Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 1
 Course Contents of Minor Courses
MTH-111 Basic Mathematics-I 3(3-0)
Course Outlines:
Preliminaries: Real and complex numbers, Introduction to sets, set operations, functions,
types of functions. Matrices: Introduction to matrices, types of matrices, inverse of matrices,
determinants, system of linear equations, Cramer’s rule. Quadratic equations: Solution of
quadratic equations, nature of roots of quadratic equations, equations reducible to quadratic
equations. Sequence and Series: Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions.
Permutation and combinations: Introduction to permutation and combinations, Binomial
Theorem: Introduction to binomial theorem. Trigonometry: Fundamentals of trigonometry,
trigonometric identities. Graphs: Graph of straight line, circle and trigonometric functions.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. J. Hass, C. Heil & M. Weir, Thomas Calculus, (14th ed), Pearson, 2017.
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th edition, Jhon Willey & Sons, Inc. 2005.
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivariable, 3rd
Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4. E. W. Swokowski, Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry, Latest Edition.
5. J. E. Kaufmann, ‘College Algebra and Trigonometry, PWSKent Company, Boston,
Latest Edition

MTH-112 Basic Mathematics-II 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Preliminaries: Real Numbers and the Real Line, Functions and their graphs: Polynomial
Functions, Rational Functions, Trigonometric Functions, and Transcendental Functions.
Slope of a Line, Equation of a Line, Solution of equations involving absolute values,
Inequalities. Limits and Continuity: Limit of a Function, Left Hand and Right Hand Limits,
Continuity, Continuous Functions. Derivatives and its Applications: Differentiation of
Polynomial, Rational and Transcendental Functions, Extreme Values of Functions.
Integration and Indefinite Integrals: Integration by Substitution, Integration by Parts, Change
of Variables in Indefinite Integrals.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. J. Hass, C. Heil & M. Weir, Thomas Calculus, (14th ed), Pearson, 2017
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th edition, Jhon Willey & Sons, Inc. 2005.
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivariable, (3rd ed).
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4. A.Jr. Frank & E. Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum’s Outline Series, (4th ed.), 1999.
5. E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, & D.D. Pence, Calculus, (6th ed.) 1996.
6. J.H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Mathematics Science and Engineering,
Prentice-Hall, Second Edition 1992

MTH-301 Calculus-I 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Prerequisites: Knowledge of Intermediate Calculus
Functions and graphs: Functions. Domains and Ranges. Sum of functions. Composition of
functions. Inverse functions. Symmetry. Even and odd functions. Translations. Reflections.
Rational, algebraic, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions. Functions defined
in pieces.

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 2
Limits and continuity: Limit of a function. Graphical approach. Properties of limits. Limits
of polynomials, rational and transcendental functions. Infinite limits and vertical asymptotes.
Limits at infinity and horizontal asymptotes. One-sided limits. Continuity, Continuity of
polynomials, rational functions and composition of functions. Properties of continuous
functions. Continuity from the left and right.
Derivatives: Slopes and rates of change. Definition of derivative. Differentiability and
continuity. Derivatives at the end point of an interval. Techniques of differentiation.
Derivatives of polynomials and rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric
functions. Chain rule. Implicit differentiation. Rates of change in natural and social sciences.
Related rates. Linear approximations and differentials. Higher derivatives. Leibnitz's
theorem.
Applications of derivatives: Increasing and decreasing functions. Relative extrema and
optimization. First derivative test for relative extrema. Convexity and point of inflection.
Second derivative test for extrema. Curve sketching. Mean value theorem (without proof).
Indeterminate forms. L'Hospital’s rule (without proof) and its applications.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. J. R. Hass, C. E. Heil, M. D. Weir, Thomas’s Calculus (14th ed.), Pearson, 2017.
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus (10th ed.), John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
3. D. Hughes-Hallett, A. M. Gleason, & W. G. McCallum et al. Calculus: Single Variable
(6th ed.), Wiley, 2012.
4. J. Stewart, Calculus (8th ed.), Cengage Learning, Boston, 2012.
5. E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, & D.D. Pence, Calculus, (6th ed.) 1996.

MTH-302 Calculus-II 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Integration: Anti derivatives and integrals. Riemann sums and the definite integral.
Properties of Integral. The fundamental theorem of calculus.
Techniques of integration: Integrals of elementary, hyperbolic, trigonometric, logarithmic
and exponential functions. Integration by parts, substitution and partial fractions.
Approximate integration. Improper integrals. Gamma functions.
Applications of integrals: Area between curves, average value. Volumes. Arc length. Area
of a surface of revolution. Applications to Economics, Physics, Engineering and Biology.
Infinite series: Sequences and series. Convergence and absolute convergence. Tests for
convergence: divergence test, integral test, p-series test, comparison test, limit comparison
test, alternating series test, ratio test, root test. Power series. Convergence of power series.
Representation of functions as power series. Differentiation and integration of power series.
Taylor and Maclaurin series. Approximations by Taylor polynomials.
Conic section, parameterized curves and polar coordinates: Curves defined by parametric
equations. Calculus with parametric curves: tangents, areas, arc length. Polar coordinates.
Polar curves, tangents to polar curves. Areas and arc length in polar coordinates.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
6. J. R. Hass, C. E. Heil, M. D. Weir, Thomas’s Calculus (14th ed.), Pearson, 2017.
7. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus (10th ed.), John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
8. D. Hughes-Hallett, A. M. Gleason, W. G. McCallum et al. Calculus: Single Variable (6th
ed.), Wiley, 2012.
9. J. Stewart, Calculus (8th ed.), Cengage Learning, Boston, 2012.
10. E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, & D.D. Pence, Calculus, (6th ed.) 1996

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 3
MTH-303 Discrete Mathematics 3(3-0)
Course Outlines:
Prerequisites: Knowledge of Intermediate Mathematics
Sets and Relations: Set and subsets. Arbitrary union and finite intersection of sets. Cartesian
product. Relations. Equivalence relations. Partitioning of a set. Order relations. Min, max, inf,
sup. Well-ordered sets and induction. Inductively ordered sets.
Computing cardinals: Cardinality of Cartesian product. Cardinality of all functions from a
set to another set. Operations with cardinal numbers.
Numbers: Divisibility and modular arithmetic. Integer representations and algorithms.
Primes and greatest common divisors. Solving congruencies. Applications of congruence.
Mathematical logic: Propositional Calculus. Truth tables. Predicate calculus.
Counting methods: Product and inclusion-exclusion formulae. Generating functions.
Double counting. Applications. Pigeonhole principle and its applications.

Recommended Books:
1. B. Kolman, R. Busby, & S. C. Ross, Discrete Mathematical Structures (5the ed.),
Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 2008.
2. K. H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and its Application (7th ed.), McGraw-Hill, 2007.
3. A. Rehman, M. Imran, S. Mubeen, B.R. Mughal, Discrete Mathematics with
Applications, Allied Book Center, Lahore, 2021
4. N. L. Brigs, Discrete Mathematics, Oxford University Press, 2003.
5. K. A. Ross, C. R. B. Wright, Discrete Mathematics, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2003.
6. B. Rotman, G.T. Kneebone, The Theory of sets and Transfinite Numbers, Old Bourne
London, 1968.

MTH-309 Applied Mathematics-I 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Complex numbers, Argand diagram, De Moivre’s theoem, Hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic
functions, Algebra of vectors and matrices, System of linear equations. Derivative as slope,
as rate of change (graphical representation). Extreme values, Tangents and normals,
Curvature and radius of curvature. Differentiation as approximation. Partial derivatives and
their application to extreme values and approximation. Integration by substitution and by
parts, integration and definite integration as area under curve (graphical representation).
Reduction formulae. Double integration and its applications. Polar and Cartesian coordinates,
Polar curves, Radius of curvature, Cycloid, Hypocycloids, Epicycloids and involutes of a
circle.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. J. R. Hass, C. E. Heil, & M. D. Weir, Thomas’s Calculus (14th ed.), Pearson, 2017
2. C. R. Wylie, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, (5th Ed.), McGraw-Hill Education
3. E. Kreyszig, , Advanced engineering mathematics, (10th ed), 2009

MTH-321 Mathematics-I (Algebra & Trigonometry) 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Preliminaries: Real-number system, complex numbers, introduction to sets, set operations,
functions, types of functions. Matrices: Introduction to matrices, types, matrix inverse,
determinants, system of linear equations, Cramer’s rule. Quadratic Equations: Solution of
quadratic equations, qualitative analysis of roots of a quadraticequations, equations reducible
to quadratic equations, cube roots of unity, relation between roots and coefficients of
quadratic equations. Sequences and Series: Arithmetic progression, geometric progression,

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 4
harmonic progression. Binomial Theorem: Introduction to mathematical induction, binomial
theorem with rational and irrational indices. Trigonometry: Fundamentals of trigonometry,
trigonometric identities.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. N. Khalid, Mathematics-I Algebra and Trigonometry, Discover Mathematics Series,
3rd Edition, 2021.
2. Boston (suggested text) Kaufmann JE, College Algebra and Trigonometry, PWSKent
Company, Boston, 1987.
3. E.W. Swokowski, Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry (6th edition), 1986.
4. M.P. Dolciani, W. Wooton, E.F. Beckenback, & S. Sharron, Algebra 2 and
Trigonometry, Houghton & Mifflin, 1978.

MTH-322 Mathematics-II (Introduction to Calculus) 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Preliminaries: Real-number line, functions and their graphs, solution of equations involving
absolute values, inequalities. Limits and Continuity: Limit of a function, left-hand and right-
hand limits, continuity, continuous functions. Derivatives and their Applications:
Differentiable functions, differentiation of polynomial, rational and transcendental functions,
derivatives. Integration and Definite Integrals: Techniques of evaluating indefinite integrals,
integration by substitution, integration by parts, change of variables in indefinite integrals.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. N. Khalid, M.K. Iqbal, Mathematics-II Introduction to Calculus, Discover
Mathematics Series, 2nd Edition, 2021.
2. J. R. Hass, C. E. Heil, & M. D. Weir, Thomas’s Calculus (14th ed.), Pearson, 2017
3. H. Anton, I. Bevens, & S. Davis, Calculus: A New Horizon (8th edition), John Wiley,
New York, 2005,
4. J. Stewart, Calculus (3rd edition), Brooks/Cole (suggested text), 1995
5. E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, & D.D. Pence, Calculus, (6th ed.) 1996

MTH-323 Calculus and Analytic Geometry 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Complex Numbers, De Moivre’s Theorem and its Applications, Simple Cartesian Curves,
Functions and Graphs, Symmetrical Properties, Curve Tracing, Limit and Continuity,
Differentiation of Functions. Derivative as Slope of Tangent to a Curve and as Rate of
Change, Application to Tangent and Normal, Linearization, Maxima/Minima and Point of
Inflexion, Taylor and Maclaurin Expansions and their convergence; Integral as Anti-
derivative, Indefinite Integration of Simple Functions. Methods of Integration: Integration by
Substitution, by Parts, and by Partial Fractions, Definite Integral as Limit of a Sum,
Application to Area, Arc Length, Volume and Surface of Revolution.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. M. Imran, N. Khalid, & M. Tahir, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Discover
Mathematics Series, 1st Edition, 2022.
2. Calculus, 7th edition, John Wiley and Sons (WIE), 2002.
3. Calculus, William, E. Boyce .Richard, C. Diprima. John Wiley & Sons, ISBN:
0471093335.
4. R. Hass, C. E. Heil, & M. D. Weir, Thomas’s Calculus (14th ed.), Pearson, 2017
5. E. Kreyszig, , Advanced engineering mathematics, (10th ed), 2009
6. E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, & D.D. Pence, Calculus, (6th ed.) 1996

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 5
 MTH-324 Multivariable and Integral Calculus 3(3-0)
Course Outlines:
Prerequisites: Calculus and Analytical Geometry
Course Outline: Functions of Several Variables and Partial Differentiation. Multiple
Integrals, Line and Surface Integrals. Green’s and Stoke’s Theorem. Fourier Series: periodic
functions, Functions of any period P-2L, Even & odd functions, Half Range expansions,
Fourier Transform. Laplace Transform, Z-Transform

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. J. Stewart, Multivariable Calculus, (7th ed.), Cengage Learning publishers, 2011.
2. H. Anton, A. Herr, Multivariable Calculus, 6th edition, 1999, John Wiley.
3. E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, & D.D. Pence, Calculus, (6th ed.) 1996
4. B. Kolman & W.F. Trench, Elementary Multivariable Calculus, Academic Press, 1971.

MTH-325 Business Mathematics 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Simultaneous equations quadratic equation and application to business and commerce
problems. Sequence, Series, Arithmetic progression, Geometric Progression, Application to
business problem particularly in estimations and forecasting for future. Matrix algebra:
Addition, subtraction and multiplication inverse of matrix, Determinants, Minors and Co-
factors, solution of linear equation with the help of matrices. Mathematics of Finance:
Percentage of commission, brokerage, profits, and percentage of profit on cost and sales basis
and trade discounts. Simple interest, simple discount and present value of debts and amounts
payable at the end of stipulated periods with simple interest method. Trade discounts and
cash discounts, discounting of negotiable instruments .Maturity value of bill and notes and
average due dates, of debits and notes payable. Compound interest, compound amount,
compound discounts, present value by compound formula, maturity values of notes and bill
and average due dates. Depreciations of fixed assets: Trade in value or residual value and
calculation of rates of depreciation with different methodologies approved by tax authorities.
Calculation of interest rates –effective and equivalent interest.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. P. K. Giri, J. Banerjee, Introduction to Business Mathematics, Academic Publisher,
New Delhi.
2. S. H. Mirza, Business Mathematic for Management and Finance.
3. L. W. Stafford, Business Mathematics.
4. N. A. Syed, and G H Gill, Statistics & Business Mathematics, Fair Publication,
Lahore.
5. Z. A. Bowra, Business Statistics and Mathematics.
6. Lavin, Business Statistics, Prentice Hall Inc.
MTH-327 Introduction to Mathematics and Statistical Theory 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Mathematics
1. Sequence and Series: Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Progressions.
2. Quadratic Equations: Solution of Quadratic Equations, Nature of Roots of Quadratic
Equations, Equations Reducible to Quadratic Equations.
3. Matrices: Introduction to Matrices, Types of Matrices, Inverse of Matrices, Determinants,
System of Linear Equations.

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 6
Permutation and Combinations: Introduction to Permutation and Combinations, Binomial
Theorem.
4. Graphs: Graph of Straight Line, Circle and some Basic Functions.
5. Performing Basic Arithmetic Operation, Ratio, Proportion, Basic Calculations of
Percentages and Investments.
6. Discount, Simple and Compound Interest, Annuity, Accumulated Value, Accumulation
Factor, Discount Factor, Discounted Value.
Statistics
Introduction: Meaning and Definition of Statistics, Frequency Distribution: Organization of
Data, Array, Ungrouped and Grouped Data, Types of Frequency Series, Individual, Discrete
and Continuous Series, Tally Sheet Method, Graphic Presentation of The Frequency
Distribution, Bar Frequency Diagram Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Cumulative Frequency
Curve. Measures of Central Tendency: Mean Medium and Modes, Quartiles, Deciles and
Percentiles. Measure of Dispersion. Regression and Correlation.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Anton. H., Bivens, Irl C., Davis, S. (2019). ‘Calculus: Early Trascendentals’, 11th
Edition. New Jersey: Wiley.
2. Francis, A,. ‘Business Mathematics and Statistics’, Thomson Learning, Latest Edition.
3. Gray. C., & Salzman. Stanley A(2019). ‘Business Mathematics’, 14th Edition. New
York: Pearson.
4. Hass. Joel R., Heil. Christopher E., Weir, Maurice. D. (2018). ‘Thomas’ Calculus’,
14th Edition. New York: Pearson.
5. Slater. J., & Wittry, Sharon M. (2022). ‘Practical Business Math Procedures’, Florida:
ISE.
7. Shultheis, Robert A. (1997). ‘Applied Business Mathematics’, 14th Edition. Student
Edition. Mason: South-Western Educational Publishing.
8. Walpole, R. E. (2018), ‘Introduction of Statistics’, Latest Edition. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall,.
9. Wilcos, R. R. (1996), ‘Statistics For The Social Sciences’, Latest Edition.
Massachusetts Academic Press,.

MTH-405 Differential Equation-I 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Differential Equations and their classification, Formation of Differential Equations, Initial
values and boundary values Problem, Separation of Variables. Homogenous Differential
Equations, Exact Differential Equations, Differential equations reduce able to homogenous
form, Linear Differential Equations of 1st Order, Bernoulli’s Equations. Orthogonal
Trajectories, Homogenous linear equations, Non-Homogenous Differential Equations with
constant Coefficient, D & D-1 Operators, General & Particular Integrals. Cauchy-Euler’s
equations, Reduction of order, Method of Variation of Parameter’s, Exact Linear Equations,
Power Series Solutions of first order Differential Equations.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. E. Hairer, S.P. Norsett, &G. Wanner, Solving ordinary Differential Equations I:
Nonstiff Problems (Vol. 8). Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.
2. S.M. Yusuf, A. Majeed, & M. Amin, Mathematical Methods, Ilmi KitabKhana
Lahore. 2007
3. D.G .Zill, & M.R. Cullen, Differential Equations with Boundary-Value Problems (3rd
Edition), PWS Publishing Co. 1997.
4. W.E. Boyce, & R.C. DiPrima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary
Value Problems, (6th ed.), John Wiley and Sons, 1997

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 7
 5. G.F. Simmons, Differential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes, Second
Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1991.
6. A.J. Jerri, Introduction to Integral Equations with Applications, Marcel Dibber New
York, 1985.
7. L. Eisgolts, Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations, Mir Publishers
Moscow, 1970.

MTH-406 Differential Equation-II 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Power Series Solutions: Solutions About Ordinary Points, Power Series Solutions, Solutions
About Singular Points, Special Functions, Bessel’s Equation, Legendre’s Equation.
System of differential equations: Basic Theory of First Order Linear Systems, Systems of
Two First Order Linear Differential Equations, Homogeneous Linear Systems, Non-
homogeneous Linear Systems, Complex Eigen values, Repeated Eigen values, Introduction
to Nonlinear Systems.
Laplace transforms: Definition of the Laplace Transform, Properties of the Laplace
Transform, The Inverse Laplace Transform, Solving Differential Equations with Laplace
Transforms.
Sturm-Liouville systems: Introduction to SL-systems, Properties of SL-systems, Sturm–
Liouville Boundary Value Problems, Non-homogeneous Boundary Value Problems, Singular
Sturm–Liouville Problems.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. S.M. Yusuf, A. Majeed, & M. Amin, Mathematical Methods, Ilmi Kitab Khana
Lahore. 2007
2. D.G .Zill, & M.R. Cullen, Differential Equations with Boundary-Value Problems (3rd
ed.), PWS Publishing Co. 1997,
3. W.E. Boyce, & R.C. Di Prima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary
Value Problems, (6th ed.), John Wiley and Sons, 1997
4. G.F. Simmons, Differential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes, (2nd
ed.), McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1991.
5. L. Eisgolts, Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations, Mir Publishers
Moscow, 1970.

MTH-423 Differential Equations and Transforms 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
First-Order Equations and Applications: Solution techniques for linear, separable and
exact equations. Modeling Examples. Stability of equilibrium solutions. Numerical methods.
Systems of Differential Equations: General properties. Linear systems with constant
coefficients. Eigenvalues, eigenvectors and characteristic equation. Fundamental set of
solutions. Fundamental matrices and matrix exponential. Nonhomogeneous linear systems.
The phase plane.
Second-Order Linear Equations: Constant coefficient equations. Homogeneous and
nonhomogeneous equations. Linear independence of solutions, characteristic equation.
Superposition principle. Reduction of order, undetermined coefficients, variation of
parameters. Applications from mechanical and electrical vibrations.
The Laplace transform: Laplace transforms and their properties. Initial-value problems.
Delta or impulse function and Heaviside or step function.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 8
1. M.V. Braun, Differential Equations and Their Applications, (4th ed.), Springer-Verlag,
1993.
2. G.F. Simmons, Differential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes, (2nd ed.),
McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1991.
3. W.E. Boyce, & R.C. DiPrima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value
Problems, (6th ed.), John Wiley and Sons, 1997.

MTH-424 Linear Algebra 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Vectors, Vector Spaces, Matrices & Determinants, Cofactor and Inverse, Rank, Linear
Independence, Solution of system of Linear systems, Positive Definite matrix, Linear
Transformations, Operations on matrices, Inner products, orthogonality and least squares,
Eigenvalue & Eigenvectors. Applications to Systems of Equations and to Geometry, Singular
Value Decomposition.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. B. Kolman, & D. Hill, Elementary Linear Algebra with Applications, (9th ed.), Prentice
Hall PTR, 2007.
2. G. Strang , Linear Algebra And Its Applications, Brooks/Cole, 2006
3. H. Anton, & C. Rorres, Elementary Linear Algebra: Applications Version, (9th ed.),
Wiley, 2005.
4. D.C. Lay, Linear Algebra and Its Applications, (2nd ed.), Addison-Wesley, 2000

MTH-429 Introduction to Metric and Topological Spaces 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Distance in R2 metric, definition of metric and metric space, examples, balls, diameters, open
& closed ball, open set & close set. interior points and interior of a set, exterior points and
exterior of a set, closure of a subset, limit points, neighborhood points, boundary points,
sequences and their convergence complete space,
Basic notions of set theory, set operations, extended set operations and indexed families of
sets. relations, equivalence relations, partition, ordering relations, function as relations,
topological spaces; subspaces and relative topology, open sets, closed sets, neighborhood,
interior, exterior boundary and limit points, base and sub base.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. G.F. Simon, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw Hill Book
Company, New York, 1963
2. J. Willard, General Topology, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, London.
3. E. Kreyszig, Introduction to Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley and Sons.
1978
4. W. Rudin, Functional Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York.
5. N. Dunford & J. Schwartz, Linear Operators (Part-I General Theory), Interscience
Publishers, New York.
MTH-433 Mathematics for Chemists-I 3(3-0)
Course Outlines:
Geometry in Two Dimensions: Cartesian-coördinate mesh, slope of a line, equation of a line,
parallel and perpendicular lines, various forms of equation of a line, intersection of two lines,
angle between two lines, distance between two points, distance between a point and a line.
Circle: Equation of a circle, circles determined by various conditions, intersection of lines
and circles, locus of a point in various conditions.

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 9
Conic Sections: Parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, the general-second-degree equation
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. J.E. Kaufmann, College Algebra and Trigonometry, PWS-Kent Company, Boston, 1987
2. E.W. Swokowski, Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry (6th ed.), PWS-Kent
Company, Boston, 1986
3. S. Abraham, Analytic Geometry, Scott, Freshman and Company, 1969

MTH-434 Mathematics for Chemists-II 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Preliminaries: Real Numbers and the Real Line, Functions and their graphs: Polynomial
Functions, Rational Functions, Trigonometric Functions, and Transcendental Functions.
Slope of a Line, Equation of a Line, Solution of equations involving absolute values,
Inequalities. Limits and Continuity: Limit of a Function, Left Hand and Right Hand Limits,
Continuity, Continuous Functions. Derivatives and its Applications: Differentiation of
Polynomial, Rational and Transcendental Functions, Extreme Values of Functions.
Integration and Indefinite Integrals: Integration by Substitution, Integration by Parts, Change
of Variables in Indefinite Integrals.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. R. Hass, C. E. Heil, M. D. Weir, Thomas’s Calculus (14th ed.), Pearson, 2017
th
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, (8 ed.), Jhon Willey & Sons, Inc. 2005.
3. D. Hughes-Hallett, A. M. Gleason, & W. G. McCallum , Calculus: Single and
multivariable. John Wiley & Sons. 2020
MTH-435 Mathematical Method and Vector Calculus 3(3-0)
Course Outlines:
Matrices: Introduction to matrices, types, Algebra of matrices, matrix inverse, determinants,
Elementary row and column operations. Preliminaries: system of linear equations, Equivalent
Equation, Cramer’s rule , Gaussian Elimination Method, Gauss-Jordan Elimination Method,
Consistency Criteria.
Vectors: Introduction to vector and scalars, Algebra of vectors, Geometric representation of a
vector, Fundamental definitions using geometric representation: Equal vectors, unit vector,
null vector, Polygon law of vector Addition, Parallel vectors, Rectangular coordinate system
in space, unit vectors along axis, Component of vectors, Projection of vectors, Magnitude,
position vector, Analytical representation of a vector, Fundamental definitions using
Analytical representation, Dot and Cross product, Properties of Dot and cross product,
Direction cosines of vectors, orthogonal vectors, Application of dot and Cross product.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. E. W. Swokowski, & J. A. Cole, Algebra and trigonometry with analytic geometry,

2012
2. N.A. Shah, Vector and Tensor Analysis, A-One Publishers, Lahore, 2005
3. J. E.Kaufmann, College Algebra and Trigonometry, PWSKent Company, Boston,
Latest Edition.
4. S.M. Yusuf, A. Majeed, & M. Amin, Mathematical Methods, Ilmi Kitab Khana
Lahore. 2007
5. G.D. Smith, Vector Analysis, Oxford University Press, Oxford
MTH-436 Linear Programming 3(3-0)
Course Outlines:
Introduction to linear programming, concepts of Equality, Inequality, Objective function,
parameters, constraints, Decision variables, constraints, Surplus, Slack, Artificial variables,

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 10
Formulation of LP model, Standard Form, Graphical solution of two variables, Duality
theory, Primal and dual form, Row Operations, Gaussian elimination, Simplex method, M-
technique, Two phase method, Problems related to graphical and simplex solution.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. M.S. Bazaraa, J.J. Jarvis, & H.D. Sherali, Linear programming and network flows,
(4th ed.), Wiley 2010.
2. R. Fourer, D. Gay, & B. Kernighan, A Modeling Language for Mathematical
Programming, (2nd ed.), Boyd & Fraser Publishing Company, 2002
3. H.A. Taha, An Introduction to Operations Research, Macmillan Publishing
Company Inc, New York, 1987.
4. F. S Hiller & G. J Liebraman, Operational Research CBS Publisher and distributors,
New Delhi, 1974.
5. C. M. Harvey, Operation Research, North Holland, New Delhi

MTH-521 Numerical Computing 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Introduction, Computation error analysis, Study of various iterative methods to solve non-
linear equations, bisection, false position, secant, Newton-Raphson and fixed point methods, ,
solution of system of linear equation by LU decomposition method, cases of failure, iterative
methods, (Jacobi, Gauss Seidel, SOR, SUR) ill conditioned systems and condition number,
interpolation: Review of simple interpolation for equally spaced data, interpolation by Gauss
forward/backward methods, Lagrange Interpolation and Newton divided differences formula,
Numerical integration, trapezoidal Simpson’s rule.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. R.W. Horn , Numerical Methods.
2. A. Wood, Introduction to Numerical Analysis.
3. M. Iqbal, Numerical Analysis, Nation Book of Foundation
4. S.A. Bhatti, & N. A Bhatti, Numerical Methods.
5. C.M. Saleem , Numerical Analysis.

MTH-523 Mathematics-III 3(3-0)

Course Outlines:
Geometry in Two Dimensions: Cartesian-coordinate mesh, slope of a line, equation of a
line, parallel and perpendicular rlines, various forms of equation of a line, intersection of
two lines, angle between two lines, distance between two points, distance between appoint
and a line.
Circle: Equation of a circle, circles determined by various conditions, intersection of
lines and circles, locus of appoint in various conditions.
Conic Sections: Parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, the general-second-degree equation
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. A. A . Albert, Solid Analytic geometry. Courier Dover Publications , 2016.
2. E. W. Swokowski, & J. A. Cole, Algebra and trigonometry with analytic geometry, 2012
3. J. E. Kaufmann, College Algebra and Trigonometry, PWSKent Company, Boston, Latest
Edition.
4. S. Abraham, Analytic Geometry, (3rd ed.) Scott, Freshman and Company 1974
MTH-525 Mathematics for Chemists 2(2-0)
Course Outlines:

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 11
Simple Cartesian Curves, Functions and Graphs, Symmetrical Properties, Curve Tracing,
Composition of functions, Limit and Continuity, Differentiation of Functions. Derivative as
Slope of Tangent to a Curve and as Rate of Change, Application to Tangent and Normal.
Integral as Anti-derivative, Indefinite Integration of Simple Functions. Methods of
Integration: Integration by Substitution, by Parts, and by Partial Fractions, Definite Integral
as Limit of a Sum.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. N. Khalid, M.K. Iqbal & I. Wasim Mathematics for Chemists, Discover Mathematics
Series, (2nd ed.), 2021.
th
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens,& S. Davis, Calculus, (8 ed.), Jhon Willey & Sons, Inc. 2005.
3. E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, & D.D. Pence, Calculus, (6th ed.) 1996
4. E. Kreyszig, , Advanced engineering mathematics, (10th ed), 2009
5. William E. Boyce Richard C. Diprima, Calculus, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0471093335.
6. R. Hass, C. E. Heil, & M. D. Weir, Thomas’s Calculus (14th ed.), Pearson, 2017

Mathematics Minor Outlines, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 12