General and Inorganic Chemistry

CHEMISTRY LAB APPARATUS AND ITS USES

APPARATUS APPEARANCE USES/ FUNCTIONS

• cylindrical glass or plastic vessel
BEAKER - a wide glass • containing a chemical reaction,
container with a flat mix and heating liquids.
bottom and an edge • Although they have graduated
for pouring calibrations, they are not
intended for use in accurate
solution computations
• Mix solutions without pouring out
ERLENMEYER FLASKS - the contents.
A device with a flat • Used to gradually heat the
bottom and a long, contents by gently swirling.
thin/ narrow neck
• used for storing and mixing
TEST TUBES - typically materials in any chemical or
glass cylinder pipes biological reaction.
with a rounded bottom • 45 DEGREE AWAY FROM YOU
and a circular hole on AND OTHERS when doing an
experiment.
one side
• holding a test tube in place when
the tube is hot or should not be
TEST TUBE HOLDER touched

• hold multiple test tubes upright at

the same time and for organized
TEST TUBE RACK sets for different solutions being
collected at once.

• measuring volumes of liquid,

GRADUATED CYLINDER - chemicals, or solutions and more
narrow cylindrical accurate and precise than
shape beakers or flasks.

• produces a single open gas

BUNSEN BURNER - flame, and is used for heating,
ambient air gas burner sterilization, and combustion

• a tool used in labs to separate

liquids and solids from a solution
by allowing the water to
EVAPORATING DISH evaporate off into the air.
• used to hold substances or
liquids that are being melted or
evaporated.
• employed for weighing solids and
WATCH GLASS - round, as a lid for flasks and beakers.
concave glass dish • evaporate liquids and cover
used for evaporation. beakers and observe directly.

• helping to contain the substance

CRUCIBLE AND COVER from contamination and reduce
the risk of spillage or
evaporation. (Melting subs)
 • contain chemical compounds
when heated to extremely high
temperatures.
• used to crush, grind, and mix
solid substance
MORTAR AND PESTLE - • Mortars have smooth, rounded
bowl-like vessel bottoms and wide mouths. The
pestle is the pounding and
grinding instrument.
• a device used to transfer small
DROPPER quantities of liquids.
• dispense small amounts of liquid
medicines
• measure out or transfer small
PIPETTES and exact quantities of liquid, in
volumes of milliliters.

• acts as a vacuum source or

PIPETTE BULB pressure to manually fill
serological or volumetric pipettes
in place of mouth suction.

• used to channel liquid or fine-

FUNNELS - wide, often grained substances into
conical mouth and a containers with a small opening.
narrow stem

SEPARATORY FUNNEL • used in the lab for liquid-liquid

extractions, separating a
mixture's components into two
solvent phases of different
densities

TONGS • large pincers for grasping and

lifting vessels of heat-resistant
material used in high temperature
chemical reactions

SPATULA • hand-held tool that is used for

lifting, flipping, or scooping.
• have a handle that is long
enough to keep the holder's hand
away from what is being lifted or
spread, as well as away from a
hot surface
STIRRING ROD • used for mixing liquids, or solids
and liquids.
 • provide stability and safety during
TRIPOD STAND - three- experiments.
legged stand made of • support various laboratory
metal or other sturdy equipment such as beakers,
materials flasks, and test tubes.

• used to support beakers or other

WIRE GAUZE - sheet of flasks when heated with an open
metallic wire mesh flame.
with a fireproof fabric • serving as a heat distributor and
woven in the center regulator of heat
• prevent flames from coming into
direct contact with the container
being used.
• a wire and ceramic triangle used
TRIANGULAR CLAY to support a crucible while it is
heated over a Bunsen burner

• semi-permeable paper
FILTER PAPER - membrane that is used for the
cellulose separation of solid particles from
liquids or gases

• detection of end points of

INDICATORS titrations.

TBB • typical instrument used to

measure the mass of various
objects.

BURETTES • used in quantitative chemical

analysis to measure the volume
of a liquid or a gas.
• deliver solution in precisely-
measured, variable volumes.
• primarily for titration, to deliver
one reactant until the precise end
point of the reaction is reached
• used to direct a stream of water
WASH BOTTLE onto something that needs to be
rinsed or washed

BRUSH • used regularly for the thorough,

manual cleaning of lab glassware
and plasticware
 • an instrument used to measure
temperature.
THERMOMETER

• drying reactants prior to their use

in chemical reactions.
DESICCATORS • used to store moisture-sensitive
goods.

VOLUMETRIC FLASKS • kind of laboratory flask, calibrated

to hold an accurate specific
volume at a specific temperature.
• used for accurate dilutions and
preparation of solutions and any
other liquids needed at the
laboratory workflow.
FLORENCE FLASK • used for heating and boiling of
liquids.

VIAL WITH CAP • guarding the sample from spills,

contamination and evaporation.
• retain little amounts of liquid and
solid samples

RETORT STAND • used to hold, or clamp,

laboratory glassware and other
equipment in place, so that they
do not fall down or come apart.

MICROSCOPE • an instrument that can be used to

observe small objects, even cells

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS:

→ FILTRATION - process of separating suspended solid matter from a
liquid, by causing the latter to pass through the pores of some
substance, called a filter.
o Product of Filtration = FILTRATE
o Product Excess after Filtration – RESIDUE
→ CRYSTALLIZATION - process of formation of solid crystals from
solution, melt or by deposition directly from a gas phase
o Product – CRYSTALS
o Solid form powder – walang tubig
→ TITRATION - a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the
concentration of an unknown solution.