I 2·3 So v1ng u 1-Step

Equations
d Check Skills
~ You'll Need What You'll Learn
To write and solve multi-step equations
1. Vocabulary Review
Identify the like
terms in
3X + 2x + 8 - X.

Simplify. Why Learn This?

2. 5 - 3m +7 - 23m You can model many situations with
one- and two-step equations. More
3. 4(7 - 3r)
complicated situations, such as finding
4. (q + 1)5 + 3q the cost of multiple items, involve
multiple steps.

'tt!~~ You often need to simplify at least one

side of an equation before solving it. To
simplify, you combine like terms.

~ CONTENT STANDARDS
8.EE.7, 8.EE.7b r' EXAMPLE Simplifying Before Solving an Equation

0 Solve 3n + 9 + 4n = 2.
3n + 9 + 4n = 2
3n + 4n + 9 =2 +- Commutative Property
7n + 9 =2 +- Combine like terms.

• for]elp) 7n + 9 - 9 = 2 - 9 +- Subtract 9 from each side.

For help combining like
7n = - 7 +- Simplify.
terms, see Lesson 2-2, 7n
Example 1. 7
= 7-7 +- Divide each side by 7.
n = -1 +- Simplify.
Check 3n + 9 + 4n = 2
3(- 1) + 9 + 4( - 1) J:. 2 +- Substitute-1 for n.
2 = 2 v' +- The solution checks.

@ Quick Check
• 1. Solve -15 = 5b + 12 - 2b + 6. Check the solution.

You can use the Distributive Property to simplify an equation.

2-3 Solving Multi-Step Equations 59

 r 'EXAMPLE Using the Distributive Property

8 Multiple Choice Your class hopes to collect 1,200 returnable bottles to

raise money for a class trip. During the first week, the 24 students in your
class collect an average of 34 bottles each. How many more bottles per
student should the class collect?
CID 11 bottles CD 16 bottles © 49 bottles ® 384 bottles
additional )
Words 24 students • (34
perbottles
student + bott1es per = 1,200 b ottles
student
♦
Equation Let r = the number of additional bottles.
24 (34 + r) = 1,200

24(34 + r) = 1,200
816 + 24r = 1,200 +- Distributive Property
816 - 816 + 24r = 1,200 - 816 +- Subtract 816 from each side.
24r = 384 +- Simplify.
24r 384 +- Divide each side by 24.
24 = 24
r = 16 +- Simplify.

~~
Be sure to answer the
Each student should collect 16 more bottles. The correct answer is
choice B.
question asked. You need
to find the number of Check for Reasonableness Round 24 to 20 and 34 to 40. The class
additional bottles each collected about 20 • 40, or 800 bottles. They need to collect 400 more,
student should collect, not or 20 bottles per student.16 is close to 20. The answer is reasonable.
the total number each
should collect.
{i! Quick Check
2. Class Trips Your class goes to an amusement park. Admission is

I• $10 for each student and $15 for each chaperone. The total cost is
$380. There are 12 girls in your class and 6 chaperones on the trip.
How many boys are in your class?

You can also use division to simplify equations. The algebra tiles below
model one way to simplify the equation 2(x + 1) = 12. First, divide each
side by 2, grouping the tiles into two equal groups. Then, remove one
group from each side. The simplified equation is x + 1 = 6 .

l
_j l

2(x
_J _j _J _J_j
_J _J _j _J
_J ._J _J _J
+ 1) = 12
➔

m2(x + l )=.!l
2 2
_J_j_j_J
_J_j_j_J
_j _J _J _j
➔

l
X
_j _j_J
_J _J
_j_J
+ 1= 6

60 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Equations

 e More Than One Way
Solve the equation 5(2.9 + k) = 8.3.

Eric's Method
I'll use the Distributive Property to eliminate the parentheses.
5(2.9+ k) = 8.3
5(2.9) + 5k = 8.3 +- Distributive Property
14.5 + 5k = 8.3 +- Simplify.
14.5 - 14.5 + 5k = 8.3 - 14.5 +- Subtract 14.5 from each side.
5k = -6.2 +- Simplify.
62 +- Divide each side by 5.
5Sk = -- 5-·
k = - 1.24 +- Simplify.

Jasttth1e's Method
I'll use division to eliminate the parentheses.
5(2.9 + k) = 8.3
5(2-9 + k) -- B.3
+- D'1v1'de each s,'de by 5.
5 5
2.9 + k = 1.66 +- Simplify.
2.9 - 2. 9 + k = 1.66 - 2.9 +- Subtract 2.9 from each side.
k = - 1.24 +- Simplify.

Choose a Method
Solve 3(m - 6.5) = 27. Explain why you chose the method you used.

r(!J-rliecli Your Un<lerstanil'ing

1. Vocabulary When you simplify an expression, you combine

? terms.
2. Describe the first step in simplifying the expression 2h - 4(h - 5).

Match each equation to the correct solution.

3. -7 +X = 4 A. -8
B.3
4. 16 = -2x C. 11
5. - 9 = X - 12

2-3 Solving Multi-Step Equations 61

f"'Aomeworl< Exercises
For more exercises, see Extra Skills and Word Problems.
Solve each equation. Check the solution. Write your answer in simplest
form.
For Exercises See Examples _ 1 3
6. Sh + 2 - h = 22 1. -8 - z+ z
6-13 1 10 10
t ,~ _t _i_j 8. 3b + b - 8 = 4
10. 21 = 6 - 2.3x - 2.7x
9. 3a + 12 - 6a = -9
11. 2m + 8 - 4m = 28
12. + 4 + Sy = -6
-3y 13. 8 = ¾c + 12 - C +4
14. 4(m + 3) = -32 15. 14 = 2(s + 5)

16. 40 = 1.6(d - 2) 17. i(z - 1) = 16

18. -2(x - 9) = -24 19. 7(4 - t) = -84

20. Food You want to buy 4 lb of Cortland apples and some Gala
apples. Each variety of apple costs $1.20/lb. You can spend $7.20.
How many pounds of Gala apples can you buy?
'-1._.r 21. Guided Problem Solving You mailed 3 identical letters weighing
more than 1 oz each. Mailing each letter cost $.37 for the first ounce,
plus $.23 for each additional ounce. Each letter required $1.29
postage. How much did each letter weigh, to the nearest ounce?
• Make a Plan Write and solve an equation to solve for x, the
number of additional ounces.
• Check the Answer Be sure you answer the question asked.
22. Jobs An employee earns $7.00 an hour for the first 35 hours
worked in a week and $10.50 for any hours over 35. One week's
paycheck (before deductions) was for $308.00. How many
hours did the employee work?

Use this information to write an equation for Exercises 23--25.

~ ~ nline
Homework Video Tutor When you count by ones from any integer, you are counting consecutive
PearsonSuccessNet.com
integers. Using variables, three consecutive integers are n, n + 1,
and n + 2.
23. The sum of two consecutive integers is - 45. What are they?
24. The sum of three consecutive integers is 48.What are they?
25. The sum of three consecutive integers is - 255. What are they?

26. ~ iting in M~ To solve Sy - 2 - 3y = 8, can you start by adding

2 to each side? Justify your reasoning.

Solve each equation. Write your answer in simplest form.

27. 15 = -3(c - 1) + 9 28. 2(1.Sn + 4) - 6n = -7
29. 2(z - 20) + 3z = 10 30. is-2 + 3(s - 11) = 50

62 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Equations

 Write an equation for each diagram. Then find the unknown lengths.
21 ft 1,000 in.
31. 32.
m m m m 5ft y 2y 505 in.

33. Choose a Method To make peanut butter and jelly sandwiches for
her class, a teacher bought bread for $2. 79 per loaf, peanut butter for
$3.19 per jar, and jars of jelly. The total cost was $14.56. If the teacher
bought two of each item, what was the cost of one jar of jelly?
Explain why you chose the method you used.
34. Challenge Solve 1.5 - 0.25(a + 4) = 3 + 3(0.05 - 0.5a).

~ - ~i§iiinD •u§,µ9,,,. . . . . . Practice >

Multiple Choice 35. Two classes went to the zoo for $5 per person. The total cost was
$200. One class has 19 people. Solve the equation 5(n + 19) = 200
to find n, the number of people in the other class.
@ 105 © 21
® 36 ® 10
36. You draw a triangle that has side lengths of 6 cm, 9 cm, and 12 cm.
Which of the following may be used to show that the triangle is NOT
a right triangle?
CD 2(6) + 2(9) "I°' 2(12)
® 6 2 + 9 2 7'°' 122
CID 6 + 2(9) = 2(12)
CD 6 2 + 2(6)(9) = 122
37. When Juan is painting his house, he can reach 5 ft above the top of
his 12-ft ladder. He places the bottom of the ladder 4 ft from the
house. To the nearest foot, how high up the side of the house can
Juan reach?
@ 11ft © 16ft
® 13ft ® 18ft
38. In one evening, customers at a restaurant ordered 72 dinners.
Fifty-six customers ordered salad with their dinners. The rest
ordered soup. What fraction of the dinners was ordered with soup?
CD 1 9
CID 1
4
~ 2.8 CD 2.
' for Help ~ 9
I For Exercises S ( Algebra) Solve each equation.
39--41
2-1 39. ~ - 1 = 10 40. _:5 - 7 = 8 41. i + 12 = -4
l nJine 1
esson quiz, PearsonSuccessNet.com 2-3 Solving Multi-Step Equations 63