3/13/2023

Module 1
Installing, upgrading, and
migrating servers and workloads

Module Overview

• Introducing Windows Server 2016

• Preparing and installing Nano Server and Server
Core
• Preparing for upgrades and migrations
• Migrating server roles and workloads
• Windows Server activation models

Lesson 1: Introducing Windows Server 2016

• Selecting a suitable Windows Server 2016 edition

• Hardware requirements
• Overview of installation options
• Managing servers remotely
• Using Windows PowerShell 5.0 to manage servers
• What’s new since Windows Server 2008 was
released?

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Selecting a suitable Windows Server 2016 edition

• Windows Server 2016 Essentials

• Windows Server 2016 Standard
• Windows Server 2016 Datacenter
• Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2016
• Windows Storage Server 2016 Workgroup
• Windows Storage Server 2016 Standard

Hardware requirements

• Windows Server 2016 has the following minimum

hardware requirements for Server Core
installation:

Overview of installation options

You can choose among the following installation

options when deploying Windows Server 2016:
• Windows Server 2016 (Desktop Experience)—full server
installation
• Windows Server 2016—Server Core installation
• Nano Server—minimal server installation of either
Standard or Datacenter edition

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Managing servers remotely

• Use the following options to remotely manage a

computer that is running Windows Server 2016:
• Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT)
• Server Manager
• Management consoles for each role/feature
• Windows PowerShell remoting and PowerShell Direct
• Remote shell
• Remote Desktop
• Group Policy (not supported on Nano Server)

• Firewall exceptions required for remote

management

Using Windows PowerShell 5.0 to manage servers

Windows PowerShell is a scripting language and

command-line interface that is designed to assist
you in performing day-to-day administrative tasks

What’s new since Windows Server 2008 was

released?
New features and improvements introduced in
Windows Server 2012 or Windows Server 2012 R2:

• Work Folders • Storage Spaces

• DHCP failover • Storage tiers
• IPAM • Better domain
• Dynamic Access controller
Control virtualization
• Data deduplication • Cloning virtual
domain controllers

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What’s new since Windows Server 2012 was

released?

New features and improvements introduced in

Windows Server 2016:
• Nano Server • PowerShell Direct
• Containers • Shielded virtual machines
• Docker support • Windows Defender
• Rolling upgrades for • Storage Spaces Direct
Hyper-V and storage • Storage Replica
clusters • Remote Desktop Services
• Hot add/remove virtual • Microsoft Passport
memory & network • Azure AD Join support
adapters • Privileged Access
• Nested virtualization Management

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Lesson 2: Preparing and installing Nano Server

and Server Core
• What is Nano Server?
• Overview of installing Nano Server
• Managing and configuring Nano Server
• Planning for Server Core
• Comparing Server Core with Nano Server and a full
installation
• Installing Server Core and Server with Desktop Experience
• Post-installation configuration settings
• Discussion: selecting a suitable Windows Server edition
and installation type
• Demonstration: Installing Nano Server

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What is Nano Server?

Nano Server is ideal for use in the following

scenarios:
• Compute host for Hyper-V virtual machines, either in
clusters or not
• Storage host for a scale-out file server, either in clusters
or not
• DNS server
• Web server running IIS
• Host for apps that are developed by using cloud
application patterns and run in a container or virtual
machine

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Overview of installing Nano Server

• Setup files for the Nano Server in \NanoServer

folder on installation media
• Can deploy as:
• A VHD on a Hyper-V host
• A VHD bootable drive on a physical computer
• A .wim file on a physical computer

• Create images using Windows Power Shell

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Managing and configuring Nano Server

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Planning for Server Core

• Server Core is:

• A more security-enhanced, less resource-intensive
installation option than the Desktop Experience
installation
• An installation that cannot be converted to a full
graphical shell version of Windows Server 2016
• The default installation option for Windows
Server 2016
• Managed locally by using Windows PowerShell and
other standard tools
• With remote management enabled, you rarely
need to sign in locally

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Comparing Server Core with Nano Server and a

full installation

Factors to consider when comparing Nano Server,

Core Server, and Server with Desktop Experience:
• Ease of installation
• Ease of local and remote management
• Hardware resource requirements
• Current application requirements
• Frequency of patches, updates, and uptime
requirements
• Security requirements/attack surface
• Roles/features required now and the possible need to
update them later

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Installing Server Core and Server with Desktop

Experience

1. Perform preinstallation tasks:

• Disconnect UPS
• Back up server if applicable
• Disable antivirus software
2. Run the Windows Setup Wizard from the installation
media:
1. Provide locale information (language, date, currency,
keyboard)
2. Select Server Core Installation
3. Review and accept license
4. Select installation location
5. Provide administrator password

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Post-installation configuration settings

After you install Windows Server 2016, you must

complete the following:
• Configure the IP address
• Set the computer name
• Join an Active Directory domain
• Configure the time zone
• Enable automatic updates
• Add roles and features
• Enable the Remote Desktop feature
• Configure Windows Firewall settings

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Lesson 3: Preparing for upgrades and migrations

• In-place upgrades vs. server migration

• In-place upgrade scenarios
• Benefits of migrating to Windows Server 2016
• Using solution accelerators
• Recommendations for server consolidation
• Demonstration: Using MAP

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In-place upgrades vs. server migration

• Upgrading to Windows Server 2016:

• Can upgrade from Windows Server 2008 R2 or later
• Can only upgrade to same or newer editions
• Requires same processor architecture

• Migrating to Windows Server 2016:

• Must migrate from x86 version of Windows Server
• Can use the Windows Server Migration Tools feature

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In-place upgrade scenarios

Perform an in-place upgrade when:

• Existing servers meet hardware requirements
• Software products installed on an existing server
support an in-place upgrade
• You want to keep existing data and security
permissions
• You want to keep existing roles, features, and settings

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Benefits of migrating to Windows Server 2016

When you perform a migration, you:

• Do not affect your current Windows Server 2008 or
later IT infrastructure
• Perform software product migration in a separate
environment
• Perform migration of server roles, features, and settings
in a separate environment
• Ensure new operating system enhancements are
installed by default

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Using solution accelerators

• Use Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT) to:

• Automate deployments of Windows Server 2016 or
other Windows operating systems
• Use MAP Toolkit for Windows Server 2016 to:
• Perform inventory of your organization’s IT
infrastructure
• Generate a report or proposal based on the Windows
Server 2016 Readiness Assessment to plan server
consolidation
• Use Windows Server Migration Tools to:
• Migrate server roles, features, operating system
settings, data, and shares

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Recommendations for server consolidation

• Analyze if cohosting of multiple roles is

supported
• Deploy roles that are not supported for
cohosting on additional servers
• Determine if cohosting multiple roles affects
server performance (it should not)
• Analyze if cohosted roles are supported for high
availability

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Lesson 4: Migrating server roles and workloads

• Migrating server roles within a domain

• Migrating server roles across domains or forests

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Migrating server roles within a domain

The roles that you can migrate from supported

earlier editions of Windows Server to Windows
Server 2016 include:
• AD FS Role Services
• Hyper-V
• DHCP
• DNS
• Network Policy Server
• Print and Document Services
• Remote Access
• WSUS

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Migrating server roles across domains or forests

When migrating serves across domains:

• Create a new Windows Server 2016 AD DS forest
• Deploy applications on new servers
• Establish AD DS trust between the current and the new
AD DS forests
• Migrate AD DS objects
• Migrate application data and settings
• Decommission and remove the old AD DS environment

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Lesson 5: Windows Server activation models

• Windows Server 2016 licensing and activation

• Discussion: Planning volume activation

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Windows Server 2016 licensing and activation

Organizations can choose between two activation

strategies:
Activation strategy When used
Manual Suitable when deploying small
number of servers
Automatic Suitable when deploying larger
number of servers

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Module 2
Configuring local storage

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Module Overview

• Managing disks in Windows Server

• Managing volumes in Windows Server

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Lesson 1: Managing disks in Windows Server

• Selecting a partition table format

• Selecting a disk type
• Selecting a file system
• Implementing ReFS
• Demonstration: Configuring ReFS
• Using .vhd and .vhdx file types
• Selecting a disk type

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Selecting a partition table format

MBR
• Standard partition table format since early 1980s
• Supports a maximum of four primary partitions per
drive
• Can partition a disk up to 2 TB

GPT
• GPT is the successor of the MBR partition table format
• Supports a maximum of 128 partitions per drive
• Can partition a disk up to 18 exabytes

 Use MBR for disks smaller than 2 TB

 Use GPT for disks larger than 2 TB

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Selecting a disk type

Basic disks are:

• Disks initialized for basic storage
• The default storage for the Windows operating system
Dynamic disks can:
• Be modified without restarting the Windows system
• Provide several options for configuring volumes
Disk volume requirements include:
• A system volume for hardware-specific files that are
required to start the server
• A boot volume for the Windows operating system files

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Selecting a file system

When selecting a file system, consider the differences between

FAT, NTFS, and ReFS
FAT provides:
• Basic file system
• Partition size limitations
• FAT32 to enable larger disks
• exFAT developed for flash drives
NTFS provides:
• Metadata
• Auditing and journaling
• Security (ACLs and encryption)
ReFS provides:
• Backward compatibility support for NTFS
• Enhanced data verification and error correction
• Support for larger files, directories, and volumes

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Implementing ReFS

ReFS has a number of advantages over NTFS:

• Metadata integrity with checksums

• Integrity streams with user data integrity
• Allocation on write transactional model
• Large volume, file, and directory sizes (2^78 bytes with
16 KB cluster size)
• Storage pooling and virtualization
• Data striping for performance and redundancy
• Disk scrubbing for protection against latent disk errors
• Resiliency to corruptions with recovery
• Shared storage pools across machines

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Using .vhd and .vhdx file types

• Virtual hard disks are files that you can use the same
as physical hard disks

• You can:
• Create and manage virtual hard disks by using Disk
Management and Diskpart.exe
• Configure .vhd or .vhdx files
• Configure computers to start from the virtual hard disk
• Transfer virtual hard disks from Hyper-V servers, and
start computers from the virtual hard disk
• Use virtual hard disks as a deployment technology

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Selecting a disk type

As performance
increases, so does
cost SSD

SAS

Performance
SCSI

SATA

EIDE Cost

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Lesson 2: Managing volumes in Windows Server

• What are disk volumes?

• Options for managing volumes
• Demonstration: Managing volumes
• Extending and shrinking a volume
• What is RAID?
• RAID levels

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What are disk volumes?

Windows Server 2016 supports the following

volume types:
• Simple
• Spanned
• Striped
• Mirrored
• RAID-5

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Options for managing volumes

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Options for managing volumes

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Options for managing volumes

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Options for managing volumes

• Get-disk
• Clear-disk
• Initialize-disk
• Get-volume
• Format-volume

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Extending and shrinking a volume

• You can resize volumes with Windows Server

2016
• When you want to resize a disk, consider the
following:
• You can extend or shrink NTFS volumes
• You can only extend ReFS volumes
• You cannot resize FAT/FAT32/exFAT volumes
• You can shrink a volume only up to immovable files
• You cannot shrink a volume with bad clusters

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What is RAID?

RAID:
• Combines multiple disks into a single logical unit to
provide fault tolerance and performance
• Provides fault tolerance by using:
• Disk mirroring
• Parity information
• Can provide performance benefits by spreading disk
I/O across multiple disks
• Can be configured using several different levels
• Should not replace server backups

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RAID levels

RAID 0
Striped set without parity or mirroring

A1 A2
A3 A4
A5 A6
A7 A8

Disk 0 Disk 1

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RAID levels

RAID 1
Mirrored drives

A1 A1
A2 A2
A3 A3
A4 A4

Disk 0 Disk 1

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RAID levels

RAID 5
Block level striped set with parity distributed across all disks

A1 A2 A3 A4 Ap
B1 B2 B3 Bp B4
C1 C2 Cp C3 C4
D1 Dp D2 D3 D4

Disk 0 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4

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RAID levels

RAID 6
Block level striped set with parity distributed across all disks

A1 A2 A3 A4 Ap Ap
B1 B2 B3 Bp Bp B4
C1 C2 Cp Cp C3 C4
D1 Dp Dp D2 D3 D4

Disk 0 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4 Disk 5

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RAID levels

RAID 1 + 0
Each pair of disks is mirrored, then the mirrored disks are striped

A1 Striped A5 A9 A13
A2 A6 A10 A14
A3 A7 A11 A15
A4 A8 A12 A16
Mirrored

Disk 0 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3

A1 A5 A9 A13
A2 A6 A10 A14
A3 A7 A11 A15
A4 A8 A12 A16
Disk 4 Disk 5 Disk 6 Disk 7

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Module 3
Implementing enterprise storage
solutions

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Module Overview

• Overview of DAS, NAS, and SANs

• Comparing Fibre Channel, iSCSI, and Fibre
Channel over Ethernet
• Understanding iSNS, DCB, and MPIO
• Configuring sharing in Windows Server 2016

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Lesson 1: Overview of DAS, NAS, and SANs

• Discussion: Which storage solutions are deployed

in your environment?
• What is DAS?
• What is NAS?
• What is a SAN?
• Comparison and scenarios for usage
• Block-level storage vs. file-level storage

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What is DAS?

DAS is physically attached to the server

Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Easy to configure • Isolated, because the disks are
• Inexpensive attached to a single server
solution • Less flexible for allocation

Server with attached disks

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What is NAS?

NAS is storage that is attached to a dedicated storage

device and accessed through network shares

Advantages:
NAS device
• Relatively inexpensive,
NAS offers centralized
storage at an affordable
price Local Area
Network
• Easy to configure (Ethernet)

Disadvantages:
• Slower access times File-level access
(CIFS, NFS)
• Not an enterprise
File server
solution
Network

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What is a SAN?

SANs offers higher availability with the most flexibility

Advantages:
Servers
• Fastest access times
• Easily expandable
• Centralized storage
Switches • High level of redundancy
Disadvantages:
• More expensive
• Requires specialized skills
Storage devices

Implement SANs by using Fibre Channel or iSCSI

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Comparison and scenarios for usage

• DAS:
• Least complex
• Lowest setup costs

• NAS:
• Best solution for specific situations
• Complementary to DAS and SAN
• SAN:
• Highest performing
• Has the most features

• Future trends:
• Windows Server storage features are expanding to
improve capabilities when using DAS

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Block-level storage vs. file-level storage

Block-level storage:
• Is high-performing
• Is often SAN-based
• Presents LUNs to servers
• Is not the most cost-effective

File-level storage:
• Is delivered via NAS, a storage server, or a file server
• Uses CIFS/SMB (shared folders) or NFS (exports)
• Uses block-level storage on the storage backend

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Lesson 2: Comparing Fibre Channel, iSCSI, and

Fibre Channel over Ethernet

• What is Fibre Channel?

• Considerations for implementing Fibre Channel
• What is iSCSI?
• iSCSI components
• Considerations for implementing iSCSI
• Core storage components
• Demonstration: Configuring an iSCSI target

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What is Fibre Channel?

Fibre Channel components include:

• A SAN
• A computer with an HBA card
• A Fibre Channel switch

Fibre Channel over Ethernet:

• Gives you the benefits of Fibre Channel while using an
inexpensive, pre-existing Ethernet infrastructure

Fibre Channel layouts include:

• Arbitrated loop
• Point-to-point
• Switched fabric

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Considerations for implementing Fibre Channel

Infrastructure considerations:
• Existing switch and cabling infrastructure
• Existing servers and HBAs
• Existing storage infrastructure

Costs
• Fibre Channel is often more expensive than other solutions
• Large initial investment required
• Initial and ongoing training might add considerably to the
cost

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What is iSCSI?

iSCSI transmits SCSI commands over IP networks

Component Description
iSCSI client
that runs the
IP network Network that provides high
iSCSI
performance and redundancy
initiator
iSCSI targets Servers that run on the storage
protocol

device and enable access to

TCP/IP

the disks

iSCSI Software component or host

initiators adapter on the server that
provides access to iSCSI targets Storage
array
iSCSI IQN Globally unique identifier that
iSCSI uses to address initiators
and targets on an iSCSI
network iSCSI Target Server

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iSCSI components

The iSCSI Target Server: The iSCSI initiator:

• Is available as a role service in • Runs as a service in the
Windows Server 2016 operating system
• Provides the following
functionality: • Is installed by default on
• Network or diskless boot Windows Vista and Windows
• Server application storage Server 2008 and later
operating systems
• Heterogeneous storage
• Lab environments
• Requires only to be started
• Has the following features:
and configured to connect
• Authentication the computer to the iSCSI
• Query initiator computer for ID target
• Virtual hard disks
• Scalability
• Manageability

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Considerations for implementing iSCSI

The primary factors to consider when planning on

using iSCSI are:
• Network speeds and performance
• High availability
• Security
• Vendor information
• Infrastructure staff
• Application teams

Alternative solutions to iSCSI are Fibre Channel,

Fibre Channel over Ethernet, and InfiniBand

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Core storage components

• Network adapters are usually used on Ethernet

networks
• HBAs are usually used on storage networks like
SAN
• Converged network adapters can be used on
Ethernet networks or SANs
• InfiniBand host channel adapters are used on
InfiniBand networks
• Disk controllers facilitate communication between
disk drives and a CPU

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Lesson 3: Understanding iSNS, DCB, and MPIO

• What is iSNS?
• What is DCB?
• What is MPIO?
• Demonstration: Configuring MPIO

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What is iSNS?

The iSNS Server service is a Windows feature that:

• Has three primary components: the iSNS server,
iSNS client, and iSNS database
• Has several advantages, including that it:
• Reduces administrative overhead by automating the
configuration of iSCSI clients
• Is compatible with iSCSI and Fibre Channel
• Can make an IP network function like a SAN
• Can integrate IP and Fibre Channel networks seamlessly
• Is not yet in widespread use

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What is DCB?
Server1 Server2 Server3

Stop sending

Stop sending

Fast
iSCSI
Slow SAN
iSCSI
SAN

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What is MPIO?

• Redundant network adapters,

Server
converged network adapters,
or HBAs in server
• MPIO enabled on server

Switches
• Dual switches
• Switches have
redundant connections
to storage devices
• Redundant storage
Storage devices devices

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Lesson 4: Configuring sharing in Windows Server

2016

• What is SMB?
• Configuring SMB shares
• Demonstration: Configuring SMB shares by using
Server Manager and Windows PowerShell
• What is NFS?
• Configuring NFS shares
• Demonstration: Configuring an NFS share by
using Server Manager

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What is SMB?

• SMB is the file-sharing protocol that Windows

client and server operating systems use
• Each new version has additional features
• SMB 3.0 introduced large performance benefits
• SMB 3.0.2 added:
• Scale-Out File Server
• Removable SMB 1.x

• SMB 3.1.1 added:

• Pre-authentication integrity
• SMB encryption improvements
• Cluster dialect fencing

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Configuring SMB shares

• There are three SMB share profiles:

• Quick
• Advanced
• Applications

• Windows PowerShell cmdlets for SMB share

management:
• New-SmbShare
• Set-SmbShare
• Remove-SmbShare
• Get-SmbShare
• Get-SmbSession
• Get-SmbOpenFile
• Set-SmbBandwidthLimit

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What is NFS?

• NFS is a file system based on open standards

• Current version is 4.1
• Windows NFS components include:
• Client for NFS
• Server for NFS
• Support for Kerberos v5 authentication
• The primary uses for NFS are:
• Storage for VMware virtual machines
• Sharing data across multiple operating systems
• Sharing data across different IT infrastructures after a
company merger

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Configuring NFS shares

• Install the Server for NFS server role

• Two options for NFS share profile:
• NFS Share – Quick
• NFS Share – Advanced

• Authentication options:
• Kerberos v5 authentication
• No server authentication

• Share permissions define allowed and denied

hosts
• Follow best practices

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