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General Physics 1 - Week Nine 9

This document summarizes key concepts from a physics lesson on Newton's laws of motion. It defines inertial reference frames and lists Newton's three laws of motion. It distinguishes between contact and non-contact forces, mass and weight, and explains how to draw and use free-body diagrams. Examples are provided to illustrate applications of Newton's laws, including kinetic and static friction, gravitational force, and calculating tension in a rope.

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33 views

General Physics 1 - Week Nine 9

This document summarizes key concepts from a physics lesson on Newton's laws of motion. It defines inertial reference frames and lists Newton's three laws of motion. It distinguishes between contact and non-contact forces, mass and weight, and explains how to draw and use free-body diagrams. Examples are provided to illustrate applications of Newton's laws, including kinetic and static friction, gravitational force, and calculating tension in a rope.

Uploaded by

Roma De Oro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General

Physics 1
WEEK 9: LESSON 4
Acknowledging
God’s Presence
Your Virtual Fill out this Google forms link:
Presence Matters https://forms.gle/y1AiwLJiJsgovri79
NEWTON’S LAWS OF
MOTION AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS

WEEK 9: LESSON 4
Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

a. define inertial reference frames;


b. state Newton’s three laws of motion;
c. distinguish between contact and non-contact forces, mass and
weight;
d. draw free-body diagrams
e. solve word problems regarding laws of motion
Prime Mover

It is a concept advanced by
Aristotle as a primary cause (or
first uncaused cause) or "mover" of
all the motion in the universe.
Aristotle
He suggested that a force is
necessary to produce motion and
to maintain it. He said that if
there is no force, there can be no
motion. He also said that in the
absence of force, a moving body
will eventually come to rest.
Galileo Galilei

He was able to show many ideas about


motion using clear logic and
mathematical knowledge. He showed
that a body moving along a
frictionless horizontal surface does not
need an external force to maintain its
uniform speed.
Isaac Newton

In his famous book, Principia


Mathematica, which was published in
1687, he discussed his three laws of
motion, which are now among the
fundamental laws of physics. They
form the basis for explaining other
physical phenomena.
01
Inertial Reference
Frames
These are any fixed object can be
used to determine motion.

Reference Points
The one that is at rest or is
moving with a constant velocity
in relation to the fixed stars.

Inertial Frame of
Reference
Can Earth be
considered as an
inertial frame of
reference?
01
Newton’s
First Law of Motion
THE LAW OF INERTIA
“A body at rest
continues to remain at
rest and a body with
constant velocity
continues to be in
constant uniform
motion, unless acted by
an unbalanced force.”
Your turn!

Give situations
showing Newton’s
first law of
motion.
01
Newton’s
Second Law of Motion
THE LAW OF ACCELERATION
“The acceleration of a
body is directly
proportional to the force
exerted on the body and
is in the same direction
as this force.”
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
An aircraft, Lockheed TriStar, has a
5
mass of 5.00 X 10 kg. The total force
5
acting on its engine is 2.5 X 10 N.
What is its acceleration?
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
To avoid an accident, a motorist traveling at 90
kph braked his car to an emergency stop. The
braking distance, measured by the brake marks
on the road, was 50 m. The mass of the car was
1,000 kg. What is the average braking force?
Your turn!

Give situations
showing Newton’s
second law of
motion.
01
Newton’s
Third Law of Motion
THE LAW OF INTERACTION
“For every action, there
is an equal and opposite
reaction.”
Your turn!

Give situations
showing Newton’s
third law of
motion.
01
Difference between
Mass and Weight
Your turn!

Given a table of gravitational


constant on every planet,
calculate your:

a. Mass and Weight in


Jupiter
b. Mass and Weight in Pluto
c. Mass and Weight in Mars
01
Contact and
Non-Contact Forces
01
Contact Forces
A contact force acts on
an object only by
touching it.
Tension
The force in a string.
It is the pull exerted
by a string, rope, or
cable when attached to
body and pulled taut.
Normal Force

A contact force exerted


by a surface on an
object.
Kinetic and Static
Friction
This contact force acts
to oppose sliding
motion between
surfaces.
Spring Force

It is a contact force
which is either a pull
or a push exerted on
an object at the end of
the spring.
Thrust
This contact force is
the general term for
the forces that move
objects such as
rockets, airplanes,
cars, and people.
01
Non-Contact Forces
It is a force that is
exerted from a distance
without contact or
touching.
Gravitational Force
This is the non-contact
force between two
bodies in the universe
due to the gravitational
attraction between
them.
Magnetic Force

Attraction or
repulsion that arises
between electrically
charged particles
because of their
motion.
Electric Force

Attractive or
repulsive force
between particles are
caused due to their
electric charges.
01
Drawing a Free-body
Diagram
It is a physical model
of an object that is
affected by several
forces, both contact
and non-contact
forces.
Since the
acceleration of a
body is due to the
net force acting on
it, it is important
that we know how to
find the net force.
Your turn!

For each problem, draw a


free-body diagram.

1. A rope pulls a bucket


upward at constant
speed (ignore air
resistance)
2. A book on the desk
Sample problem:

A cable is lifting a
crate. The speed of
the crate is
increasing. How are
the forces on the
crate related to the
change in speed?
01
Applications of Newton’s
Laws of Motion
Kinetic and Static
Friction
This contact force acts
to oppose sliding
motion between
surfaces.
Ff =µFN
Sample problem:

A cardboard box weighing 200


N is resting on a wooden
tabletop. If the coefficient of
friction between the box and
the tabletop is 0.25, how
much force would it take to
keep the box sliding along at
constant speed?
Sample problem:

The two ends of a 20 - m rope


is fastened at two points on
the ceiling, a distance of 12
m from each other. If a load
of 200 kg is placed at the
center of the rope, find the
tension on the rope.
Thanks
Do you have any questions?
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