Learning Area Science Grade Level 7

W1 Quarter Third Date

Introduction Panimula

Everything around us moves. Some can move so fast like rabbits while others move slowly like turtles. For each day, we do a lot of
movements. A simple wave of a hand and a blink of an eye demonstrates movement. In Science, movement is referred as motion.

Motion covers a wide range of definitions. It does not just explain how far the object moves but also describes how fast and to what direction it
goes.

This module will provide you with the knowledge necessary to describe motion in one dimension.

Unlock the Keywords!

Complete the crossword puzzle by supplying the accurate letters to form the word. Use the clues below.

ACROSS
1 Tells which way the object is moving. 3 A place where an object is located.
4 The change in position of an object

DOWN
1 The shortest distance
2 The length of the path travelled by an object.

Development Pagpapaunlad
Motion is a change of position over a particular time interval with respect to a point and frame of reference. When an object moves, it changes
position. As it changes position, a distance is covered, and a direction is taken. How far did the object travel? And to what direction it moves?
Distance and displacement answer these questions.

“My Road Map”

Supposed you are to invite your new classmates in your house for your birthday party. But sadly, your friends are not familiar with your
location.

To help them locate your home, draw a map from your home to school. Include labels and landmarks and apply colors for easy reading and
tracking. Use black broken lines to trace the path from home to the destination. Draw a red straight arrow to trace the direction from the
house to the school. Consider figure 1 below as a guide.
 Figure 1. Sample Road map

Guide Questions:
1. On the map you have drawn, what does the black broken line indicates? What about the red straight line?
2. Which line is shorter? Which is longer?
3. How is distance demonstrated in the map you have drawn?
4. What do you think is the difference between distance and displacement?

Both distance and displacement are quantities. Physical quantities are characterized as either scalar or vector. Scalar quantity has only
magnitude but no direction. On the other hand, vector quantity has both magnitude and direction.

Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to the total length of path travelled by an object.

Displacement is a vector quantity that describes the shortest distance between the initial position and the final position of an object, plus the
direction to where the object is moving to.

Engagement Pakikipagpalihan

To further understand the difference between distance and displacement, let us look in the example below.

Richard drove to the east at 2 kilometers, then 1 kilometer south, and 1 kilometer west to reach home. How long is the total distance he
travelled?

Richard travelled a total distance of 5 kilometer (2km east + 1km south + 2km west) to reach home. The measurement of displacement shows
that the shortest distance between the starting point and the final position is 1km, South.

Distance = 5km, Displacement = 1km, South

What if Richard went back to his initial position? Will the distance change? What about displacement? Is there a chance to get zero
displacement? Let us trace his path once more!
 Figure 3. Sample illustration

In this sense, Richard will cover a total distance of 10km since he went back to his initial position (5km+5km). The displacement will be
equal to zero because Richard started and ended at the same position.

Let us see how well you learned about motion in terms of distance and displacement.

Learning Task 3. Quiz

To further understand the difference between distance and displacement, let us look in the example below.

Richard drove to the east at 2 kilometers, then 1 kilometer south, and 1 kilometer west to reach home. How long is the total distance he
travelled?

Richard travelled a total distance of 5 kilometer (2km east + 1km south + 2km west) to reach home. The measurement of displacement shows
that the shortest distance between the starting point and the final position is 1km, South.

Distance = 5km, Displacement = 1km, South

What if Richard went back to his initial position? Will the distance change? What about displacement? Is there a chance to get zero
displacement? Let us trace his path once more!

Figure 3. Sample illustration

In this sense, Richard will cover a total distance of 10km since he went back to his initial position (5km+5km). The displacement will be
equal to zero because Richard started and ended at the same position.

Let us see how well you learned about motion in terms of distance and displacement.
 Learning Task 3. Quiz

1. Raf rides a boat for a fishing trip at 6 kilometer south. After half hour of waiting, no fishes were caught, so he goes 2-kilometer
west. Then he follows a school of fish 1 kilometer north.
A. How long did he travel? _________________________
B. Is the boat’s displacement equal to zero? _________________________
2. The ball rolls from point A (left) to point B (right) at 1.5 meters, as it reaches point B. it rolls back to the
starting point.
A. How far did the ball roll? _________________________
B. What is the displacement? _________________________

Assimilation (Paglalapat)

Let us recall some important concepts:

 Motion is a change of position over a particular period of time.

 Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to the total length the object travels.
 Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to the shortest distance from the point of origin to the point of
destination.

Reflection:

An American soprano, Beverly Sills once said. “There are no shortcuts to any place worth going”.

How could this quotation relate to the concept of distance and displacement? Explain your answer.

Learning Area Science Grade Level 7

W2 Quarter Third Date

Introduction Panimula

The cheetah, scientifically known as Acinonyx jubatus is the fastest animal in the land. It can reach a speed between 112 and 120
kilometers per hour. From a standing start, a cheetah can cover a distance of 460 meters or 1500 feet in 3 seconds. Its fast speed is an
advantage as predator.

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the fastest animal in land?

2. How far does it cover for 3 seconds?
3. What is the advantage of cheetah as predator?

Just as displacement and distance have distinctively different meanings, so do speed and velocity. The previous module has described
motion by distance and displacement. In this lesson, you will answer how fast the object moves by describing speed, velocity, and acceleration.

Development Pagpapaunlad

Speed is a scalar quantity that measures how fast an object is moving with respect to the distance travelled and the time. Velocity on the other
hand, is a vector quantity that measures speed in a given direction. Velocity always indicates the speed and the direction of travel. Speed is
measured in the units of distance and time. Kilometer per hour (kph), miles per hour (mph), or meter per second (m/s) are the units of speed.
The speed of an object may change.

Think of a man riding a bicycle. The man’s speed may change during his ride. He runs slower when uphill or in rocky areas, while faster
when in flat and downhill. When he stops, the time still runs but no distance was covered, then his speed is zero.

Read each statement carefully. Determine if it is describing speed or velocity by writing the statement inside its corresponding classification.
 1. Tropical storm travelling 88 kph, eastward.
2. Jacob ran 10 meters in 10 seconds.
3. Jean moved the plate 50 centimeters to the right in 3 seconds.
4. Rafael swims 120 meters towards the shore in 60 seconds 5. A ship
cruising 34 miles per hour

SPEED VELOCITY

To understand how speed and velocity are computed, it is important to record the time and the distance travelled.

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 =
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆
Let us take a look at the examples below

A car is moving at uniform speed of 30 miles north in 0.5 hour. What is the speed of the car?

Given: distance = 30 miles, time = 0.5 hour, speed =?

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
30 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 0 .5 ℎ 𝑜𝑢𝑟
= 60 mph 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

The car’s speed is 60mph.

Velocity is expressed as, 60mph, North. Indicating the direction.

In some examples, distance or time is not given. In this case, the equation below could help. Be sure to cancel the same unit to get the
corresponding unit. Distance = Speed X Time 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑

Acceleration on the other hand, is expressed when speed or direction both change. Speeding up is acceleration and slowing down is
deceleration.

To further enrich your understanding about the lesson, please refer to Science 7 Learner’s Material, pp. 175, Activity 3: Fun Walk

Engagement Pakikipagpalihan

Learning Task. The cat runs toward the mouse for food at different speed. Given the data below, calculate the speed of the cat.

Position Time (s) Distance (m) Speed (m/s)

A 0 0 (1)
B 1 1 (2)
C 2 1 (3)
D 3 1.5 (4)
E 4 4 (5)
F 5 2 (6)
Guide Questions:
 1. From the speed you have calculated above, tell which position corresponds to the situation below:
Stationary: __________

Constant speed: __________

Speeding Up: __________

Slowing down: __________

2.When is the object at rest? In constant speed? Accelerating?

Assimilation (Paglalapat)

Let us recall some important concepts:

 Speed and velocity tell how fast an object travels and to what direction it moves.
 If the object is at rest, its speed is equal to zero. If the object is moving at equal distance at equal
interval of time, the motion said to be constant.
 If the object covers varying distances at equal interval of time, the object is changing speed./ and is
therefore accelerating.

Learning Area Science - Motion and Grade Level 7

Graphs
W3 Quarter Third Date

Introduction (Panimula)

Last time, you have learned how to determine if an object is moving or not. For this module, you will using tape
dy, perform
learn how motion can be visualized or illustrated charts and motion graphs the task below:

Learning Task 1: Read and analyze the following statements 1. How would you describe the motion of
and get ready to answer the questions listed below: the vehicle?
A jeepney is moving at a rate of 45 kilometers within 0.50 hour 2. Did the speed of the vehicle change?
before it stops at a red light. After 5 minutes the vehicle moves How did you know? 3. Did the speed of the
again, but this time it initially moves at a rate of 15 kilometers vehicle remain the same? How did you know?
for 15 minutes which then increased to 35 kilometers after 4. At which point of the ride did you think the
another 15 minutes. The jeepney then continued to move at the vehicle moved fastest? How about slowest? Or
same speed until it reaches another stop. at uniform or constant rate?

Development Pagpapaunlad

Oftentimes, when describing motion, we find it hard to understand just like the one presented in the previous
section. These kinds of motion would be easier to understand and visualize (imagine) if we use tape charts and
graphs.

Tape Charts or ticker-tape diagram is used to represent motion in

diagrams. This method uses dots and or “ticker” marks. Each diagram
shows an object moving at different pace or speed.

Where the dots represent the object

Thephysicsclassroom.com
and the distance between each dot represent the change in its speed.

If you use Tape Chart to represent the motion of the jeepney described above, it will look like this:
You will notice that the distance between each dot is not the same for it represents the speed of the object. The
first two dots have the greatest distance, while the distance between the red dot and the third dot (black) is
considered the shortest. The red dot represents the moment at which the object stops. If an object moves fast, the
distance between each dot increases. If the object moves slow, the distance between the dots decreases.

On the other hand, graphs are visual representation of data (information). In physics, we use line graphs also
called motion graphs to represent changes and patterns in an object’s motion. One example of this graph is called
displacement vs time graph, examples of this are shown below:

The slopes or lines/curve in a graph represents the manner at which the object moves. For graph A, the object is
considered stationary motion or at rest. This graph tells us that the object stays at the same location (position)
even as time goes by. For graph B, the slope is straight and move upwards indicating the object is speeding up or
accelerating. This could happen when an object’s speed continues to increase. And lastly, graph C has a line that is
curved downward indicating that the object’s speed is decreasing or is decelerating.

Sometimes, we also use DOTS to indicate (signify) a certain point in the motion graph where the motion
suddenly change. Check out the examples below:

Looking at each graph, how will you describe each motion? At which points does the object moves or stops moving
at Graphs A and B? At which points does the object gains speed? At which points does the object decrease in
speed?

If you answered the following, then you are right: (a) Graph A, points 1 and 3 represents the moments at which the
object’s speed decreases. While at points 2 and 4 the object’s speed increases. (b) For graph B, point 1 represents
the moment the object stopped moving while at point 2, the object moves again.

Engagement Pakikipagpalihan

Learning Task 2A: Analyzing Motion Graphs

Match each description to its appropriate graph. Write your answer on a piece

of paper.
Figure 4. Sample Graphs

1. A boy running for 20 minutes then stops to rest.

 2.A rock placed on top of a table.
3. A car moving uphill (upward).
4. A child sliding down the slide.
A moving vehicle suddenly stops and remain at rest for some time.

Learning Task 2B: Illustrating and Analyzing a Motion Graph

A cat runs towards a mouse at different speeds. Given the data below, illustrate the motion of the cat using a
motion graph and a tape chart.

Answer the following questions:

1. Based on the motion graphs and tape charts you created, at which
points correspond to the following situation:
a. Stationary or motion at rest.
b. Constant speed.
c. Speeding up.
d. Slowing down.

Learning Task 3. Doing Detective Work

Read the passage below and answer the guide questions that follows:

Supposed that you are an on-the-job trainee in a private investigating company tasked to investigate a “hit and
run” case. The alleged suspect was captured by a CCTV camera driving a road leading to the place of incident. The
suspect denied the allegation, saying that he was driving very slowly with a constant speed. Because of the short
time difference when he was caught by the camera and when the accident happened, he insisted that it was
impossible that he would already be at the place when the crime took place. But when you are viewing the CCTV
footage, you noticed that his car has left oil spots on the road. When you checked the spots on the site of the
accident, you found out that they are still evident. So, you began to wonder if the spots can be used to investigate
the motion of the car driven by the suspect and check whether he was telling the truth or not.

Examine the distances between the dots in the tape chart presented below:

Figure 5. Tape Chart of the Oil Spots Left by the Car

Guide Questions:

1.How will you compare the distances between the dots?

2. What does the tape chart tell you about the speed of the car?
3. Create a motion graph based on the tape chart.
4. Analyze the motion graph and compare it to the information presented in the tape chart.
Based on your investigation (tape chart and motion graph), prove whether the suspect is telling the truth or not?

Assimilation Paglalapat

In this module, you have learned how to illustrate or represent the changes and patterns in an object’s motion
using “Tape Charts” and “Motion Graphs”.
 You have also learned that the distance between the dots on a tape chart represents how fast or slow an object
moves. The big space between the dots represents faster motion while the smaller space between the dots
represents slower motion. On the other hand, the slope or line on the motion graph may represent the rate of
motion such as: a) A straight line represents an object that has a speed is equal to zero. b) A slanting line moving
upward represents an object that is accelerating or speeding up. c) A straight vertically moving downward line
represents an object that is decelerating or slowing down. d) A line that ends at one point indicates motion has
stopped from moving.

Stop and Take Time to Reflect:

We live in a world full of information. We deal with it every day. And the ability to understand graphs can be useful
to us when analyzing data or information. List down at least 5 situations where information can be drawn into
graphs or tape diagrams and explain the advantage of using graphs or diagrams in each situation.

Learning Area Science - WAVES AS A Grade Level 7

CARRIER OF ENERGY
W4-5 Quarter Third Date

Introduction Panimula

Waves around us come in different form; it can be water waves, sound waves and light waves. When you dip you finger in a basin with water, waves are formed.
Playing musical instruments such as guitar, sound waves are produced, and when you lit a candle during power interruption at night, light waves brighten the
room.

A wave is a periodic disturbance that moves away from a source and carries energy with it. Waves that propagate through solid, liquid and gas are mechanical
waves and can be classified as transverse and longitudinal waves.
Anatomy of a wave
 Crest - the highest point of a wave
 Trough - the lowest point of a wave
 Amplitude- the height of a wave
 Frequency- the number of waves passing a given point
 Wavelength- the distance between adjacent crest or troughs

Copy the illustration in a separate sheet of paper and label the parts of a wave.

Development Pagpapaunlad

Sound is a longitudinal wave created by object that vibrates and appeal to our auditory system. Humans just like us can hear sounds with
frequency of 20 Hertz to 20 000 Hz.

Sounds with frequencies beyond 20 000 Hz are described as ultrasonic, while infrasonic sounds refer to those with frequencies of lower than
20 Hz.
 Dogs, cats, and bats are some of the animals that can hear sounds that range from 45 Hz to 120 000 Hz.

Fig. 1. Illustration of sound propagation using a tuning fork

In given figure above, a tuning fork is used to demonstrate the propagation of sound. The vibration produced by the tuning fork determined
the movement of the molecules of air to the right creating compression, the molecules

As the prongs of the tuning fork vibrates, the air molecules moved closer to each other creating compression. As the air molecules moved
apart, thus making up the rarefaction.

Sound is a mechanical wave. It requires a medium to propagate. Without the state of matter, it could not transmit energy. Sound travels faster
in solid than liquid or gas. Look at the figure below, the particles of solid are packed tighter together thus allowing fast collision of particles
and transmission of sounds.

Nature of Particles in different States of Matter

Answer the following Questions.

1. How do we hear sounds? ___________________________________________________________

2. What is an ultrasonic sound? Infrasonic sound? Audible sound?

___________________________________________________________
3. Do sound waves travel fastest in solids? Prove your answer.

___________________________________________________________

Engagement Pakikipagpalihan
Characteristics of Sound

Sound is described by three characteristics:

 Pitch
 Loudness
 Intensity

Pitch is the highness or lowness of sound.

Males have low-pitched voice because their vocal cords are typically massive and longer than females. Can you name some popular Filipino
singers with high-pitched voice?
Loudness and Intensity are closely related.

Intensity of sound refers to the amount of energy of a sound wave. It is measured in decibel.
 Loudness on the other hand is subjective. It is a sensation acquired by hearing which depends on how people perceived sounds. Usually, a
high intensity sound produces a louder sound, and a low intensity sound creates a softer sound. As the intensity becomes higher, the frequency
and energy also become high.

Read the questions carefully and write your answer in

a separate sheet of paper.
1. Differentiate pitch, intensity and loudness.
___________________________________________________________________
2. How is pitch and wavelength of soundwave related to each other?
___________________________________________________________________
3. How loudness differs with the person?
___________________________________________________________________
4. As an ambulance approaches and passes you, how can you explain the sound it produced?
___________________________________________________________________
5. Suggest ways on how to protect human ear from noise pollution.
___________________________________________________________________

Assimilation Paglalapat

Fill in the blanks by identifying the appropriate word for each blank. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper.
A ________ is a periodic disturbance that moves away from a source and carries energy with it. Waves that propagate through solid, liquid and gas are
______________ and can be classified as transvers and longitudinal waves. _____ is the highness or lowness of sound. _______ of sound refers to the
amount of energy of a sound wave.___________ is a sensation acquired by hearing which depends on how people perceived sounds.

Learning Area Science - Light Grade Level 7

W6 Quarter Third Date

Introduction Panimula

Read the context and answer the questions listed on your paper. Light is very important. For without light, the plants can’t be able to
produce foods for us through photosynthesis.
Light comes from two different sources: natural and artificial. Natural source includes the sun. The sun does not just give us heat but also
light. Other sources include bulb, lamp, and candles - the artificial sources.
During the Christmas season, people from different places love to visit different light shows. One of the gorgeous light attractions is the
Giant Christmas Tree found in Kartilya ng Katipunan Monument in Manila. The
Giant Christmas lights are so attractive that people take selfies in the park. The spectacular- colored Christmas lights that move and change
aimed to ignite Christmas spirits and these brought so much joy and relaxation to many tourists.
 Figure 1: Giant Christmas Light in Kartilya ng Katipunan Monument Photo credit by the author

Learning Task 1
1. Is the light from the Christmas Tree natural or artificial?
2. If it happens that you are watching the light show and a group of people taller than you stand before or in front of you, would
you still see the lights? Why?

Development Pagpapaunlad
LIGHT

Light as a wave is both transverse and electromagnetic. Unlike sound, light. like all electromagnetic waves can travel in vacuum. It travels in
straight lines as evidenced by shadows and eclipses. Light as transverse wave vibrates perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

Characteristics of Light

Intensity is the amount of light produced by a light source. It is often interchanged with brightness. But it is objectively measurable as the
rate at which energy is delivered to a surface. Brightness is the subjective quality of light. It depends on how someone is viewing light.
However, in the quantitative aspect, brightness is expressed in a unit called candela.

White light undergoes dispersion through a prism. Dispersion is a phenomenon in which white light separates into its component colors. It
was discovered by Sir Isaac Newton during 1666. Christian Huygens postulated that the more light was “bent” or refracted by a “substance” or
material, the slower it would move while traversing across that material. Max Planck postulated that electromagnetic radiation is a form of
energy with both wave-like and particle like properties. Visible light is part of this radiation and can be described in terms of its frequency
and wavelength. The theory of electromagnetic radiation was demonstrated by James Clerk Maxwell that electric and magnetic fields travel
though space as waves moving at the speed of light.

Figure 2: Dispersion of Light in a Prism Photo credit by the author

The seven colors include red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet which are also known as ROYGBIV or the colors of the
rainbow. Among the seven colors, violet has the highest frequency but the shortest wavelength. While red has the lowest frequency but the
longest wavelength. It is obvious here that the frequency of light is indirectly related to the wavelength. As the frequency increases, the
wavelength decreases. These are the reasons why red colors have been used mainly as color in various commercial logos.

The color of the object we see depends on the light reflected (in the case of opaque materials) or transmitted (in the case of transparent materials)
that reaches our eyes. Recall that the visible spectrum consists of different frequencies, each corresponding to a particular color. For example, a
green leaf appears green because when light from the sun shines upon it, the leaf absorbs all the frequencies of the visible light spectrum except
for the green. Thus, a “green” leaf will be seen.
Engagement Pakikipagpalihan
Learning Task 2: Determine which frequency of light will be reflected and what color will be
seen by the observer.
The roof reflects _______________.

The roof reflects _______________.

Assimilation Paglalapat
Learning Task 3: Complete the statement by writing the appropriate word in the blank.
Max Planck explained that light can be a particle and a wave. Light exhibits various characteristics. As a wave, it is a ________ wave in
terms of direction of vibration and propagation.
________ of light depends on the source and the distance from the source. This is expressed in the unit of ________. The electromagnetic
waves are arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum according to increasing ________. Among the waves, the perceptible wave is the visible
light. Visible light is composed of different colors abbreviated as ________, also known as the colors of the rainbow. This has been proved by
Sir Isaac Newton in which he used a prism to separate white light into its component colors. This phenomenon is called ________. The color
of an object we see depends on light ________ or ________.

Learning Task 4

Light has proven its integral part in our life. For without light, everything will be pure darkness. In the book of Genesis, the Lord noticed that
everything was dark and he said, “Let there be light.”, and there was light. In the book of Matthew, it is stated that “You are the light.” What
does it mean to be a light in the world?
Learning Area Science – Heat Transfer Grade Level 7
W7 Quarter Third Date

Introduction

Activity 1: Think Out Loud

Have you ever wondered how objects become colder or warmer? Analyze the picture below and answer the questions that follows after it on
your paper:

1. What do you think will happen to the pan on top of the stove?
2. What do you think will happen to the metal spoon if the boy leaves it in the pan? Why do you think it happened?

Development
 All objects possess energy which exists in different forms. Although we cannot hold or touch it, energy could help us explain
how and why things behave the way they do.

We often classify objects as cool or warm, oftentimes by using our sense of touch (hand, skin) or with the help of a thermometer. This
phenomenon is a result of a process known as “heat transfer”. To fully understand this concept, study the terms listed below:

• Thermal energy (heat energy) is a type of energy stored in an object or

system that depends on the motion of particles or atom. When the particles of matter
move fast, it increases the thermal energy inside it. But when the particles of matter
move slow, it decreases its thermal energy.

• Temperature measures the amount of thermal energy or degree of hotness

and coldness of an object or system.

• Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from a body with a higher

temperature to a body with lower temperature.

• Heat transfer is the transfer of heat to different medium or forms of matter.

Using the following terms, let us go back and explain our previous example: All objects contain energy. The fire possesses thermal energy.
As the fire touches the pot, its energy makes the atoms (inside the pot) move faster, increasing its thermal energy. As particles move from slow
to active, the temperature of the pot increases (from cool to hot). The transfer of the thermal energy from the fire to the pot is called heat and
the overall process is known as heat transfer. This process also explains why the soup inside the pot becomes hot, as well the spoon that is left
sitting in the soup.

When thermal energy is transferred, the warmer object cools down and the cooler object warms up until both objects attain the same
temperature, then heat transfer stops. Heat, just like all forms of energy is measured in a unit called, Joules.

The process of heat transfer can happen in three ways, these are: Radiation is the heat transfer by electromagnetic waves
through space. It does not require the interaction between matter. Example:
• The heat from the Sun warms the different parts of the Earth.
• You can feel the heat from the sun even if you cannot touch it.

Conduction is the heat transfer between objects (usually solids) or particles that are directly in contact of each other where one object’s
temperature rises.
Example:
• The heat from the fire is transferred to the pot. The heat from the pot is transferred into the soup. The heat from the soup is transferred to
the spoon. The heat from the spoon is transferred to your hand as you touch it.
• Metals and water are good conductor (easily absorbs or allow transfer) of heat, while paper, cloth and wood are not.

Convection is the heat transfer through fluids (liquids and gases) like water and air.
Example:
• When air is heated it become less dense (lighter) and float. But when air is cooled it become denser (heavier) and sinks to the bottom.
This is useful for the hot air balloon. The flame heats the air inside the hot air balloon allowing it to float. And when heat is reduced, the
balloon starts to sink or move downward.

Going back to our previous example, let us try to identify the type of heat transfer that occurred in the process.
The heat from the fire is transferred into the pot by radiation, where the heat travels through waves. The heat from the pot is then transferred
into the soup in the process of conduction, where heat is transferred by direct contact between materials. When we stir the soup with a spoon or
a ladle, the heat from the soup is transferred into the spoon with the help of convection, where heat is transferred through the help of fluids. And
when we touch the spoon, we feel the heat from the spoon to our hands by conduction. But the heat coming from the boiling pot of soup can be
felt even if we do not touch it because of radiation. So, you see, a simple activity like this involves a lot of process to happen. Isn’t it amazing?
 Activity 2: ANALYSIS. Observe each picture or image and classify the type of heat transfer that happens in each example.

Write the word CONDUCTION, CONVECTION or RADIATION on your paper.

1. You feel the 2. You prepared a heat from the cup of tea and the flame without cup feels warm
touching it. when touched.

3. A raw egg begins to fry as it hits the pan. 4. The warmth from the sun can make the sand and the water hot.

5. The food gets warm when 6. The clothes become flat and
placed in the microwave oven. warm when we
iron it
7. Aircons are placed on high places because warm air rises and cool
air sinks.

Engagement
Different materials have different ways of absorbing heat. Some objects can absorb heat fast, some do not. In this task, you will explore
different methods by which heat can be transferred from one material to another.

Activity 3: All at Once

Study the illustration on the right. Identify the
different examples of situations that
involves the different methods of heat
transfer. Take note that in your chosen
situation, there could be more than one
form of heat transfer involved. Choose at
least 3 examples and accomplish this task by
filling up the table below.
Copy and complete the table below based on your analysis of the illustration
above.
Table 3: Examples of Heat Transfer

Activity 4: Look Around You

Choose two questions from the given samples and answer it based on what you have learned about heat transfer.
1. Explain the reason/s why we use cloth for “potholders” or “oven gloves” when handling pots inside the kitchen?
2. Explain the reason/s why we can feel the heat from sun even we are inside the house?
3. Explain the reason/s why the water in the beach feels warm during the night and feels cool during the day?
Explain the reason/s why paper burns when touched by fire? Explain the reason/s why ice melts when we hold it?

Assimilation
At this point, you have learned that heat is the transfer of thermal energy. This energy is possessed by an object due to the motion of its particles.
When object’s thermal energy increase, its temperature changes from cool to warmer. When heat is absorbed from one material to another, heat
transfer occurs. This process can happen in three ways: (a) conduction, where heat is transferred between materials that are in direct contact
with each other. While (b) radiation, occurs when heat is transferred by electromagnetic waves (through space). And lastly, (c) convection,
where heat is transferred in fluids (like gases and liquids) which making the hot fluids to rise and cold fluids to sink. When heat is absorbed from
one material to another, heat transfers occur.
Reflective Activity
‘The Transfer of Heat Energy”
Humans have made great progress with the help of heat. Starting from the sun, our major source of thermal energy which help in the regulation
of temperature on Earth, for without it, we will freeze over and life on Earth may not be possible. Likewise, it is important to understand how
heat is transferred when dealing with materials such as metals., wood or liquids to prevent accidents, especially when you work with the kitchen.
Knowing the basics of heat transfer, explain why it is faster to cook a fish using a pan?

Learning Area Science – DIFFERENT Grade Level 7

TYPES OF CHARGING
PROCESSES
W8 Quarter Third Date
Introduction (Panimula)
How is electricity produced?

Appliances at home like T.V., radio, washing machine are powered by electricity. It makes our daily activities easier. Let us discuss how
electricity is produced in terms of electric charges at rest and the different ways of transferring charges according to the findings of
Thales using rubbed fossilized tree sap with a piece of cloth, William
Gilbert found out the other materials can also be charged, and Benjamin Franklin performed his famous experiment of flying a kite
during a thunderstorm.

Learning Task 1. Refer at the given illustration below.

Figure1. A boy combing his hair

1. What happened to the bits of paper place near the comb after using it? Why do you say so?
Study the given figure and answer the questions that follows:

Figure2. An atom
Learning Task 2

1. What do you call the positively charged particles?

2. What are the negatively charged particles?
3. If an atom has equal number of positively charged particles and negatively charged particles, what will be the charged of the
atom?
 An atom is electrically neutral because they have an equal number of protons and electrons. When do we say that an object is positively
charged or negatively charged? Have you experienced placing your arm near a switched-on television screen, what happened to the hair on
your arm? The standing of the hair of your arm is the result of static electricity. Electric charges can be transferred using different ways.
How do objects get charged?

Example:
+ + + + - - - - - - = 4 + -6 = -2 ( negatively charged )
4 protons (+) and 6 electrons (-) = 2 electrons
+ + + + + + + + - - - - - = 8 + -5 = 3 protons ( positively charged )
8 protons (+) and 5 electrons (-) = 3 protons
4 protons (+ ) and 4 electrons (-) = 0
++++---- = 0 (neutral )
The attraction of charges from the given example above follows the Law of Charges, which states that opposite charges attract and like charges
repel.
To charge an object, one must alter the charge balance of positive and negative charges. There are three ways to do it: friction,
conduction, and induction. The process of supplying the electric charge (electrons) to an object or losing the electric charge (electrons)
from an object is called charging. An uncharged object can be charged in different ways. There are three ways to do it:
friction, conduction, and induction.
Engagement (Pakikipagpalitan)

❖ Charging by friction – the process which an object gets charged when it

Vis rubbed against another
object or there is a direct contact between the two objects.
Example: Bits of paper is attracted to the comb after using it.

❖ Charging by conduction- the process in which an object gets charged by making contact with a charged object.
Example: The two balloons have the same charge
causing them to move away from each other.

❖ Charging n induction – the

process in which an object gets by charged object without direct contact.
Example: The leaves of the electroscope
(yellow ) move separately when the charged rod is placed near the electroscope.

Learning Task 3

1. Based on the given examples and illustration, how will you differentiate the three methods of charging?
 Learning Task 4
1. Explain the importance of practicing safety precaution in handling electrical devices.
Learning Task 5
Copy the figure below and complete the graphic organizer with the needed information.

Methods of Charging

_______________ Charging by _______________

conduction is the process in which
is the process in which __________________ a body gets charged
the body gets charged __________________ by a
when it is rubbed __________________ charged body without
against other body. __________________ direct
__________________ contact.
________.