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Lab Report

The document summarizes an experiment testing various organic molecules using different reagents. Gelatin was tested with biuret solution and turned purple, confirming it contains protein. Starch turned black with iodine, showing it is a polysaccharide. Glucose turned blue with Benedict's solution, indicating it contains monosaccharide. The unknown substance also turned purple with biuret, revealing it contains protein like gelatin. Oil separated into layers with ethanol, demonstrating it contains lipids. Most hypotheses were supported. The experiment identified the organic molecules in the tested substances.

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43 views

Lab Report

The document summarizes an experiment testing various organic molecules using different reagents. Gelatin was tested with biuret solution and turned purple, confirming it contains protein. Starch turned black with iodine, showing it is a polysaccharide. Glucose turned blue with Benedict's solution, indicating it contains monosaccharide. The unknown substance also turned purple with biuret, revealing it contains protein like gelatin. Oil separated into layers with ethanol, demonstrating it contains lipids. Most hypotheses were supported. The experiment identified the organic molecules in the tested substances.

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api-696688976
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Biology 10

Organic Molecules
March 30th, 2022

Group Members:
Ingrid Chonchanan Changlek 6461080
Nan Natnicha Ongviseth 6461095
Malta Thannapat Sopasettanan 6461104
Fern Chonnikan Wachirapong 6461200
Introduction

Organic molecules are compounds that are found in living things’ structures that make
cell organelle such as cell membrane that is made up of phospholipid bilayer which is lipid. They
were discovered in 1828 by German chemist Friedrich Wöhler. Organic molecules are
composed of some of these following elements, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Phosphorus, Sulfur that build up monomers. Monomers build polymers, and polymers build
Macromolecules. Organic molecules are classificated by elements they contain and their
structure. Carbohydrates, protein, lipid and nucleic acids are the results of classification. Main
function of carbohydrates is to provide energy. Function of protein is to metabolism, support,
transport, defense, regulation, and motion everything inside the human's body. Lipid’s function is
to store energy or insulate cells. The last organic molecule, nucleic acid, is used to store
information like DNA or genetic materials, having nucleotides as its monomer and nucleic acids
as its polymer. For instance, the monomer of protein is amino acids, Polypeptide is a polymer of
protein. When we are taking polymers (polypeptide),while they are processing. They have to
break down polymers into monomers first. It breaks down the polymers into monomers after that
they join together and turn into polymers again such as protein polypeptides that the body can
use. The same as polysaccharide breaks down into monosaccharides such as glucose and then
join together in the form of starch and glycogen which are polysaccharides of carbohydrates.
In this lab, we are going to test 3 of 4 organic molecules, which are the two
carbohydrates, lipids, and protein by using benedict, biuret, iodine’s solution, ethanol, and water,
which is a control group, as an abbreviation. The purpose of this lab is to see that the tested
substances are composed of organic molecules. In order to taste the two carbohydrates, we use
glucose and starch. For lipids and protein we use vegetable oil and gelatin.
Hypothesis

● If testing the biuret solution with gelatin solution, then the color will turn dark purple.
● If testing iodine solution with starch solution, then the color will turn very dark yellow.
● If testing benedict’s solution with glucose solution, then the color will turn blue.
● If testing ethanol with oil, then the color will stay the same.

Materials

● Test tube
● Beaker
● Beaker tong
● Dropper
● Ethanol
● Unknown solution
● Glucose Solution
● Starch solution
● Gelatin Solution
● Benedict’s solution
● Biuret Reagent
● Oil
● Water
● Loose-leaf paper
● Gloves
● Goggles
● Coat
● Mask
● Closed shoes
● Face shield

Method (procedure)

Testing for Lipids


● Two test tube, labeled A and B
● Fill the test tube A with oil - test tube B with water
● Put the same amount absolute ethanol in each test tube
● Shake the test tube gently to mix the liquid
● Add the same amount of water in each test tube
● Gently shake the test tube
● Observe the results
● Repeat with unknown substance

Testing for Carbohydrates - Glucose


● Boil water
● Drop glucose to the test tube
● Add one dropper full of benedict’s solution
● Swirl the test tube
● Transfer the test tube into the boiled water by a beaker tong
● Observe the results
● Repeat with unknown substance

Tasting for Carbohydrates - Starch


● Add one dropper of starch to the test tube
● Add one dropper of iodine to the test tube
● Swirl the test tube
● Observe the results
● Repeat with unknown substance

Testing for Protein


● Add 1 dropper full of gelatin solution to the test tube
● To test protein, we need to use Biuret reagent as the indicator
● Biuret reagent turns from blue to purple in the presence of protein
● Repeat these same steps for the unknown test tube
● Add 1 dropper full of biuret solution
● Then mix up
● Wait to see the changes
● Observing and collecting the changed of it
● Repeat with unknown substance

Data collection

Water Glucose Starch Gelatin Unknown


Solution Solution Solution

Benedict’s Orange Blue Blue Purple Yellow green


solution

Iodine Clear yellow Clear yellow Suddenly Yellow with Unclear


solution turn Black Small Yellow with
Bubbles Small
Particles

Biuret Blue Blue Blue Purple Purple


solution

Tube With Ethanol

Oil White layer


Water Clear with Little Bubble

Unknown Clear

Analysis

1. Describe what color each of the substances (glucose, starch, gelatin, and oil) turn and why you
think it turns into those colors once mixed with those specific reagents. How about the control? Are
there any changes?
According to the purpose of this experiment, to see if the tested substances are
composed of organic molecules. For the gelatin tested, our hypothesis was “if testing the biuret
solution with gelatin solution, then the color will turn dark purple.” After we tested the result, it
appeared that the color was changed to purple. Therefore, this can be summarized that our
hypothesis is slightly right. For the starch, we used the iodine solution to taste the carbohydrate.
Our hypothesis was “if testing iodine solution with starch solution, then the color will turn very
dark yellow.” After the experiment, the color was suddenly changed to black. Therefore our
hypothesis was wrong, and this can be summarized as the starch is polysaccharide. Glucose
was tasted by Benedict solution, and the hypothesis was “if testing benedict’s solution with
glucose solution, then the color will turn blue.” This hypothesis was surely right as the result of
this experiment, the color was turned to blue. Lastly, the ethanol solution was tasted by oil. Our
hypothesis was “if testing ethanol with oil, then the color will stay the same.” This can be
determined that our hypothesis was wrong, as the result appeared the white color and the layer
separated the oil from the ethanol. The controlling part, we use water as a control group to
compare with other substances. When the water tested with benedict's solution, the color was
orange. For the iodine solution with water, the color was clear yellow. Biuret solution with water,
the color was blue and for the eternal with water, there were little bubbles and no color.

2. What organic molecules are in the unknown substance that you tested and how do you know
that?
Unknown has protein because when it is tested with biuret, its color turns to purple. As
when the gelatin is tested with other solutions, which are benedict, iodine and ethanol, it doesn’t
have any change. Therefore, it means that the gelatin has protein as the same as the unknown,
since their results turn out the same.

Conclusion

Most of the results supported the hypothesis. Therefore, gelatin solution contains
protein, starch solution contains polysaccharide, glucose solution contains monosaccharide,
unknown contains proteins, and oil contains lipids.

Reference
https://www.fishersci.com/us/en/products/80003050/organic-compounds.html
https://study.com/academy/lesson/organic-molecules-functional-groups-monomers-polymers.ht
ml
https://www.thoughtco.com/biological-polymers-373562
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/synthesis-of-biological-macromol
ecules/

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