Scribd
Upload
17 views

3.5 Introduction To Relations and Functions

This document provides an introduction to relations and functions. It defines independent and dependent variables and distinguishes between relations and functions. A function is a relation where each element of the domain has a unique image. The document discusses identifying functions from graphs, equations, tables and mappings. It covers determining the domain and range of relations and functions and using the vertical line test to identify functions from graphs.

Uploaded by

Manahil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

3.5 Introduction To Relations and Functions

This document provides an introduction to relations and functions. It defines independent and dependent variables and distinguishes between relations and functions. A function is a relation where each element of the domain has a unique image. The document discusses identifying functions from graphs, equations, tables and mappings. It covers determining the domain and range of relations and functions and using the vertical line test to identify functions from graphs.

Uploaded by

Manahil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

3.

5 INTRODUCTIONS TO
RELATIONS AND
FUNCTIONS
WRITTEN BY: CINDY ALDER

Objectives:
• Distinguish between independent and
dependent variables.
• Define and identify relations and
functions.
• Find the domain and range.
• Identify functions defined by graphs
and equations.
INDEPENDENT AND
DEPENDENT VARIABLES
 We often describe one quantity in terms of another.
Consider the following:
 The amount of your paycheck if you are paid hourly depends
on the number of hours you worked.

 The cost at the gas stations depends on the number of


gallons of gas you pumped into your car.

 The distance traveled by a car moving at a constant speed


depends on the time traveled.
 We can use ordered pairs to represent these
corresponding quantities.
 For example: the relationship between the
amount of your paycheck and the hours worked
can be written where the first number represents
the hours worked and the second number
represents the paycheck amount in dollars.
 The ordered pair (𝟓, 𝟒𝟎) indicates that when you work 5
hours your paycheck is $40.
 The ordered pair (𝟖, 𝟔𝟒) indicates that when you work 8

hours your paycheck is $64.


 Since the amount of your paycheck depends on the
number of hours worked, your paycheck amount is
called the dependent variable, and the number
of hours worked is called the independent
variable.
 If the values of the variable y depends on the value of
the variable x, then y is the dependent variable
and x is the independent variable

 x, y 
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Relation
A relation

Function
A function is a relation in which,
 Determine whether each relation defines a
function.
 𝐴= 1,1 , −2,4 , 3, −1

 𝐵= −2, −1 , −1,0 , 0,1 , 1,2 , (2,2)


(The last two ordered pairs have the same y-value. This does
not violate the definition of a function.)

 𝐶= −4,1 , −2, −1 , (−2,0)



RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS CAN
BE DEFINED SEVERAL WAYS

 As a set of ordered pairs.


 As a correspondence or mapping.
 As a table.
 As a graph.
 As an equation. (or rule)
CORRESPONDENCE OR MAPPING
A  1,1 ,  2, 4  , 3, 1
B   2, 1 ,  1,0  ,  0,1 , 1, 2  ,  2, 2 

C   4,1 ,  2, 1 ,  2,0 


TABLES AND GRAPHS
A  1,1 ,  2, 4  , 3, 1

x y
EQUATIONS (OR RULE)
 A relation or function can be described using a rule
that tells how to determine the dependent variable
for a specific value of the independent variable.
DOMAINS AND RANGES OF
RELATIONS
Domain and Range

A  1, 2  ,  2, 4  ,  3, 1

domain  2,1,3
DOMAINS AND RANGES OF
RELATIONS

A  1, 2  ,  2, 4  ,  3, 1


 Give the domain and range of each relation.
y y
(a) (b)
(1,2) 5
(-1,1)

x x
(0,-1) -3 3

(4,-3)
-5
 Give the domain and range of each relation.

(c) y (d) y

x x
0 2

-3
IDENTIFYING FUNCTIONS DEFINED
BY GRAPHS AND EQUATIONS
 Vertical Line Test – if every vertical line intersects
the graph of a relation in no more than one point,
then the relation is a function.

y y

x x

This is not the graph of a function. This is the graph of a function. The
The line vertical line passes through vertical line will only ever pass
more than one point. through one point.
 Use the vertical line test to decide whether the
relation graphed is a function.
(a) y (b) y

5
(1,2)
(-1,1)
x x
-3 3
(0,-1)

(4,-3) -5

This is the graph of a This is not the graph of a


function. The vertical function. The line
line will only ever pass vertical line passes
through one point. through more than one
point.
 Use the vertical line test to decide whether the
relation graphed is a function.
(c) y
(d) y

x x
0 2

-3

This is the graph of a This is the graph of a


function. The vertical function. The vertical
line will only ever pass line will only ever pass
through one point. through one point.
DOMAIN OF RELATIONS
Relations are often defined by equations. If a relation is
defined by an equation keep the following guidelines in
mind when finding domain.

 Exclude from the domain any values that make the


denominator of a fraction equal to 0.

 Exclude from the domain any values that result in an


even root of a negative number.
IDENTIFYING FUNCTIONS
FROM THEIR EQUATIONS
 Decide whether each equation defines y as a function
of x, and give the domain.

(a) y  2 x  7 (b) y  5x  6
IDENTIFYING FUNCTIONS
FROM THEIR EQUATIONS
 Decide whether each equation defines y as a function
of x, and give the domain.

(c) y4  x (d) y  4x  2
IDENTIFYING FUNCTIONS
FROM THEIR EQUATIONS
 Decide whether each equation defines y as a function
of x, and give the domain.
6
(e) y
5  3x

You might also like