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PPT-4 - Application of Solar Energy - Unit-2

This document discusses solar energy and its applications. It covers topics like solar radiation measurement, solar collectors, energy storage, and various applications of solar energy including solar water heating, solar cooking, solar electricity generation, and more. Solar electricity generation can be done through thermal electric conversion systems that use concentrated solar power or through photovoltaic systems that convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar cells.

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682 views

PPT-4 - Application of Solar Energy - Unit-2

This document discusses solar energy and its applications. It covers topics like solar radiation measurement, solar collectors, energy storage, and various applications of solar energy including solar water heating, solar cooking, solar electricity generation, and more. Solar electricity generation can be done through thermal electric conversion systems that use concentrated solar power or through photovoltaic systems that convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar cells.

Uploaded by

avinash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Renewable Energy

(EE7601)
Unit-2: Solar Energy

By Dr. Trilochan Penthia


EE Dept., NIT Patna
Contents of Unit-2

• Introduction to solar energy


• Solar radiation and its measurement
• Solar energy collectors
• Solar energy storage
• Applications of Solar energy
Application of Solar energy

Solar water
heater
Solar Dish Kitchen
(Solar energy can also cook
food)

Trombe wall

Peruvian home with passive solar heating to heat the


home and water , using a Trombe wall and solar
water heater

Solar Oven
Application of Solar energy
Application of Solar energy

Solar Energy Applications


Direct thermal applications
(Using various solar energy collectors)

Solar electric applications


(solar thermo-electric and photovoltaic)

Other indirect form of solar energy


(Wind energy, biomass, ocean energy, etc.)
Application of Solar energy
• Solar water heaters, solar cookers, house heating, solar
pump are the commonly used applications.
• The heat from solar ponds enables the production of
chemicals, food, textiles, warm greenhouses, swimming
pools, heating animal farms and livestock buildings
(domestic and industrial purposes).
• Providing a power source for electronic devices can also
be achieved by using solar energy.
• Electricity generation, industrial process heat,
desalination, solar furnaces, heat for biomass
conversion, etc.
Thermal Electric Conversion Systems

Turbine
Generator

Heat
exchanger

Storage
Storagetank Condenser
tank

Working fluid in
pump
Rankine cycle
pump
Thermal Electric Conversion Systems
• To make usable energy from solar collectors,
thermodynamic power conversion cycles (heat engines) are
used.
• The main idea is quite simple. The heat transfer fluid,
which is directly heated in the solar receivers, delivers heat
to the boiler/heat exchanger, which generates steam.
• Further steam is used in the heat engine to generate
mechanical work to run electric generator.
• This scheme is very much the same as at conventional
fossil fuel power plants, except for the heat being created
not through combustion but through concentration of solar
radiation.
Thermal Electric Conversion Systems

• This is popularly known as concentrated/concentric


solar power (CSP) system.

• Basically, CSP plant can be of two types:

a) Land based power plant


b) Floating based power plant (Floating solar plant)
Thermal Electric Conversion Systems

Major Functions:

• Solar Radiation collection and concentration.

• Conversion to heat.

• Storage of energy.

• Generation of electricity.
Photovoltaic Systems

• Photovoltaics is the science of converting sunlight to


electrical energy.

• Photovoltaic (PV) Systems are electrical systems consisting


of PV modules or an array and power conversion modules
to convert solar energy into usable electricity.

• PV systems can vary greatly in size from small rooftop or


portable systems to massive utility-scale generation plants.

• PV module consists of several PV cell or solar cell.


Photovoltaic Systems

• An individual solar cell is usually small, typically producing


about 1 or 2 watts of power.

• It can produce a maximum open-circuit voltage of


approximately 0.5 to 0.6 volts.

• These cells are made of different semiconductor materials


and are often less than the thickness of four human hairs.
Solar Cell

• A solar cell is basically a


semiconductor device.

• Sunlight impinges on silicon crystal.

• Photon liberates electron.

• Electron drifts aimlessly in p-region.

• If it encounters junction, electron is


swept across, constituting current.

• Electron collected at grid, flows


through circuit (opposite current
lines).
Solar Cell
• Without a path for the electrons to flow out, charge would
build up and end up canceling electric field
• Sunlight is turned into DC voltage/current by PV.
• Works on the principle of photovoltaic effect.
• Must provide a way out.
• Direct through external load.
• PV cell acts like a battery. current flow

external load
Schematic diagram of PV System

• Can charge battery.


• Inverted into AC.
• Optionally connect to existing utility grid.
• AC powers household appliances.
Solar PV Panel I-V and P-V Curves

(Solar Cell characteristics)


I-V Curves For Series or Parallel Panels

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