International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2018, 29-45

International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research

ISSN: 2667-8810 (Online)
ijosper.uk

Original Article
Article No: 18_V5_I1_A3

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) OF JANATA BANK LIMITED (JBL): A

CASE STUDY

JANNATUL FERDOUS* Abstract:

DR. MD. SULTAN MAHMUD** Worldwide concern is increasing gradually about corporate social
responsibility (CSR). Now, the banking sector in Bangladesh has
*Assistant Professor, Department of
Public Administration, Comilla a glorious history of getting involved themselves in diverse kinds
University, Bangladesh. of social events which are officially known as CSR. This paper
**Associate Professor, Department provides an impression of CSR in Janata Bank Limited (JBL).
of Political Science, University of The paper has been based on secondary data gathered from the
Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205,
Bangladesh. annual reports of the JBL for the some years. The bank adds
definitely in supporting education & research, poverty reduction
& rehabilitation, health & treatment, combat against natural
calamity, preservation of history, tradition, culture and sports,
preservation of the environment, the expansion of technology etc.
The bank meets the required legislation necessities linked to CSR.
The findings of the study reveal that CSR events of JBL are
limited in certain areas. It will be of great assessment for
practitioners and researchers pursuing to increase a better
understanding of CSR reporting in various social-systems based
theoretical aspects.

Key Words:
CSR, JBL, Education, Health,
Environment.

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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 International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2018, 29-45

1. Introduction
In developing states, the challenge of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is outlined by a
vision that was refined in 2015. In New York, USA in the 70th United Nation General
Assembly began from 15th is an important one with a plan for changing the earth with
sustainable development. At the United Nations summit, the Seventieth session for action for
acceptance of the development agenda of post -2015 were held from 25-27 September 2015
stated that, This agenda is a strategy of act for individuals, earth and affluence. Moreover, it
pursues to support widespread amity in greater freedom (Nath, 15 September, 2015). In the
SDG, there are 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets declared to establish the
scale and desire of the fresh worldwide Agenda. They pursue to shape on the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) and accomplish what those are not attained. They pursue to
understand the human rights of all and the enablement of very females and girls and to attain
gender equality. They are assimilated and inseparable and equilibrium the three extents of
sustainable development: the social, environmental and economic (UN, 2015). Unfortunately,
these global objectives persist distant from being met in so many developing states currently.
People create firms to assign their means for the determination of common objectives, to get
the revenue. To attain this goal, they network with society also. Organization can be divided
into Government organization Profit oriented organization and Non for Profit organization on
the source of their intentions. Government organizations express the rules and regulations and
organization of the society in which firm carries its actions. Profit focused organizations
attempt to make the most of owner’s affluence. The final one is not for profit organizations do
the social acts when society requires. There are such types of organizations persist in the
society (Iqbal, et. al., 2014). More and more scholars have begun to concentrate to the CSR
concerns with increasing financial progress. CSR affects many different structures of
business, such as employment and investment domains, customer loyalty, corporate financial
performance (CFP), along with environmental administration (Wang, 2015).
It is remorseful that Bangladesh is still in behind position in corporate social responsibility
(CSR) activities, though globally, it is being adept extensively (Azim et al., 2011). In actual
fact, CSR is an issue of self-interest for the business segment in Bangladesh (Azim & Islam,
2009). At present, among the business section, banks have shown relatively better trends to
complete CSR events. As the central bank in Bangladesh, “Bangladesh Bank” has taken
initiatives to inspire the banking concerns to play a vital role in the well-being of the society
in accomplishing CSR activities. Keeping this point in mind, this study makes an effort to

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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 International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2018, 29-45

explore to what extent the Janata Bank Limited (JBL) in Bangladesh is involved in CSR
activities.

2. Definition of CSR
CSR is a familiar concept and can be clarified as Corporate which involves structured trade or
industry; social refers to dealing with people entirety and the society as well; Responsibility
refers to the liability within the two issues. In general, CSR can be defined as the course of
business processes accepted to advantage the society. It means to the open and corporate
performs that are centered on moral standards and respect for personnel, societies and the
environment. It is intended to carry maintainable worth to the people along with the owners.
The European Union’s (EU) Green Paper Promoting a European Framework for Corporate
Social Responsibility (2001) termed CSR as “a concept whereby companies integrate social
and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their
stakeholders on a voluntary basis.”Carrol (1991) defined CSR as “an organization’s
commitment to operate in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner while
recognizing the interests of all its stakeholders.” According to Kotler & Keller defined CSR
as “a commitment to improve societal wellbeing through discretionary business practices and
contributions of corporate resources”.
There are two perspectives of CSR. From the narrow perspective of CSR, it is accountable for
the shareholders / owners. Second one is a broader perspective of CSR, which is accountable
for the mainstream of the interested party, comprising consumers, suppliers, managers, board
of directors, employees and government, managing the business interests and societal
interests also(Qi-jun, 2007).CSR signifies a plethora of responsibilities that a corporation
should accept in their strategies and implement beyond legal desires in retort to the desires
and potentials of its diverse interested party and people on the whole. Lastly, the combination
of the definitions views that CSR necessitates a corporation to-
• Reflect the economic, social and environmental effects of its corporate actions; and
• Respond the desires and hopes of its personnel, shareholders, customers, investors,
and the local populations (Nasrullah & Rahim, 2014).

3. Literature Review
Literature acknowledged that CSR performances differ from one state to another country and
among the developed and developing states. Besides, the nature and forms of CSR vary

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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concerning kinds of business (Das et al., 2015). Study of CSR performances in western states
found that corporations agreed the maximum prominence on revealing human resource
statistics, for instance equal prospects, employee share possession, employee numbers and
compensation, disability strategies, and employee training (Gray et al. 2001). CSR may be
represented as "corporate citizenship" and can comprise acquiring short-term costs that do not
deliver an instant monetary advantage to the corporation, but in its place endorse affirmative
societal and environmental transformation. The term usually relates to corporation purposes
that go beyond whatever may be essential by environmental protection groups or supervisors.
The current globalization calls corporations to be more involved in CSR events (Chapple &
Moon, 2005).
Obalola (2008) in his study has seen that, the Nigerian Insurance industry has a solid
provision for CSR and the transformation of this backing into the act through participation in
some public centered projects. The indication from the study moreover recommends that CSR
is still mostly apparent as a humanitarian movement. Dusuki & Dar (2005) claimed that CSR
framework the standard of actions to which a firm must pledge to influence people in a
constructive and a creative way simultaneously for instance enduring by standards which
disregard in search of profit at any cost. Arevalo & Aravind (2011) investigated the
interpretation of CSR by Indian corporations and found that they are mostly in favor of
stakeholder approach and caring or the moral motive. Besides, the most noteworthy obstacles
to CSR execution were described to be the deficiency of funds and CSR difficulty. Nejati &
Ghasemi (2012) examined carrying out of CSR in Iran from the viewpoint of personnel and
exposed that in spite of a few score in all four inspected areas of CSR, Iranian personnel
seeming their institutions to be properly devoted to CSR. Khan (2010)explored the CSR
recording information about Bangladeshi registered commercial banks and inspected the
possible special effects of corporate governance fundamentals on CSR releases. The key
outcomes of this study specified that though charitable, general CSR commentary by private
commercial banks of Bangladesh is reasonable; though, the diversity of CSR items is fairly
inspiring. The consequences as well specified that in attendance is no noteworthy connection
between CSR reporting and women’s image on the board. Though, the outcomes reveal an
important influence on the CSR reporting by non-executive directors and attachment of
external residents. Thus, there is a research gap to find the sector wise CSR of the JBL, a
State-owned Commercial Bank (SoCB) in Bangladesh.

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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Accordingly, this study attempts to reveal the extent to which the banks in Bangladesh are
practicing CSR and disclosing relevant information in their annual reports in nine different
areas called a) education & research b) health & treatment c) poverty reduction &
rehabilitation d) combat against natural calamity e) helping the poor, marginal, agriculturists
f) preservation of history-tradition, culture and sports g) preservation of environment h)
invention and h) expansion of technology.

4. Objectives of the Study

The Present study aims to evaluate the different dimensions of Corporate Social
Responsibility by studying the following Objectives:
• To study the concept of CSR;
• To study the major areas of CSR initiatives of JBL.
• To focus on the present status of CSR practices of JBL.

5. Justification for the Study

There is seeing a rise in the mission of social responsibility from the corporate sector for of its
significance to the improvement of any state (Safety & Rights Society, 2014). Thus, CSR is
not considered as a threat to the success of commercial aims of a business; somewhat CSR is
an opportunity to set the base of commercial growth of organizations in relations of
competitive advantage in international markets (Belal, 2008). It is accordingly demanding of
corporations to being publicly accountable in order to form their name, which may in
sequence affect their customer support. This research can discover the condition of CSR
missions in JBL and give a recommendation as per necessity.

6. Methodology
The study is centered on secondary data which are gathered from annual reports of JBL and
related publications and from the Banks’ websites, periodicals, Bangladesh Bank’s
publications, newspapers are used. A list of interrelated articles from several journals is as
well used to improve the elementary idea about the specific topic and numerous international
determinations and initiatives for developing and implementing CSR values and strategies
were examined. Some vital books are also used to make understand the topic well.

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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7. Background of Janata Bank Limited (JBL) and CSR

Bangladesh as an independent and sovereign state emerged in 1971after a distressing nine
month liberation war against the West Pakistan. In such conditions, actions had been taken to
combine several banks formerly worked in this area with the purpose of restructuring the
state’s economy. A new bank initiated under the Banks Nationalization Order (President’s
Order No. 26) of 1972, which is Janata Bank by merging the former, United Bank Limited
and Union Bank Limited in 1972. Janata Bank got recorded with the Joint Stock of Registrars
and rearranged it as a public limited company with the label Janata Bank Limited (JBL) in 15
November, 2007.It is a reliable commercial body over the years and the 2nd largest
commercial bank in respect of Deposits/Assets in Bangladesh. As her embankment instantly
after the rise of this fertile rich sedimentary soil as a free, sovereign state, it has been playing
a crucial role in total economic events in the state and possesses a long legacy of serving
praiseworthy facilities to the public. The support of the Bank to the state economy and
societal reform has set the standard bar so extraordinarily that others in this corporate arena
can’t have a desire of touching the yardstick of achievement got by JBL (Janata Bank
Limited, n. d.). JBL trusts that CSR is about how corporations bring about the corporate
procedures to create a complete positive effect on the society. In fact, the concept of CSR is
achieving recognition swiftly as the support that companies can and must make willingly on
the way to environmentally workable and publicly even handed progress. JBL, as a bank and
economic organization have to take actions within some compulsions set by Bangladesh Bank
and the Government. JBL obeys to moral, social and legal obligations (JBL, 2015).

8. Results and Discussion

8.1 Education & research
Proper education for the learners can empower social lives to liberate the persons thinking
from the curse of darkness and illiteracy. It signifies as the basis in the improvement practice
of any society and the basic pointer of the individual’s advancement and affluence (Rabbi,
2008).

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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Figure 1: Education & Research

2014
6.70 5.50 11.84
11.60 2013

2012

24.20 2011
78.30
2010

2009

[Total.138.14 Million]
The figure 1 depicts that, from 2009-2011, the disbursement from JBL is consecutively 5.50,
6.70 and 11.60 BDT in Million. The disbursement from JBL is 24.20, 78.30 and 11.84
consecutively from the year 2012-2014. In the year 2014, the disbursement in education
sector dropped so much.

8.2 Health & treatment

A UN award received by Bangladesh for its significant successes in achieving the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs), mostly for attaining MDGs 4 no. goal, that is reducing the child
mortality rate. The country has attained noteworthy progress up to now on the issue of the
decrease of maternal mortality rate, child mortality rate, crude birth rate, death rate, the rise of
life expectancy and fertility rate also. Though, in spite of the achievements, governance
challenges in this segment still exist that obstruct more attainments (TIB, 2014).

Figure 2: Health & Treatement

70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
63.90 Health &
30.00
Treatement
20.00
25.76 35.30
10.00
22.00
- 16.00
2014 2013 4.20
2012 2011
2010 2009

[Total.167.16 Million]

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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Figure 2 illustrates that, the disbursement from JBL is 4.20, 16.00 and 22.00 consecutively
from the year 2009-2011. From the year 2012-2014, the disbursement from JBL is
consecutively 35.30, 63.90 and 25.76 BDT in Million. The total disbursement from 2009-
2012 is 167.07 million taka. Though, there seen gradual increase of disbursement from 2009-
2013. But, from 2013-2014, the disbursement reduced.

8.3 Poverty Reduction & Rehabilitation

Through the constitutional commitment of increasing and supporting a society in which the
elementary needs and desires of all individuals are met and everyone can do well in
independence and relish the standards and principles of a free society, the dream of
Bangladesh is poverty alleviation policy is to extensively decrease poverty. For this, poverty
alleviation and societal progress have been made the all-encompassing independent planned
objectives (Aminuzzaman, 2007).

Figure 3: Poverty reduction & rehabiliation

5.30 4.50 1.80 11.88

2014
14.40 2013
2012

85.30 2011
2010
2009

[Total.123.18 Million]
The figure 3 depicts that, from 2009-2011, the disbursement from JBL is consecutively 1.80,
4.50 and 5.30 BDT in Million. The disbursement from JBL is 14.40, 85.30 and 11.88
consecutively from the year 2012-2014. In the year 2014, the disbursement in the poverty
reduction and rehabilitation sector dropped significantly.

8.4 Combat Against Natural Calamity

At the global level, Bangladesh is repeatedly recognized as the state of natural catastrophes.
The socioeconomic effects of natural calamities are very damaging in Bangladesh. Natural
catastrophes roots the demise of many lives nearly every year and besides it generate the risks

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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 International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2018, 29-45

of unemployment, poverty which might be a universal difficulty at the forthcoming time.

Natural calamities frequently cause food problems in the state also. Owing to natural
disasters, many people have to subject on aids since they miss nearly whole things in the
natural calamities (Khan & Nahar, 2014).

Figure 4: Combat against natural calamity

Combat against natural

Combat
calamityagainst
natural calamity ,
2010, 10.00

Combat against
natural calamity , Combat against
Combat against
2013, 3.90 Combat against Combat against natural calamity ,
natural calamity , natural calamity , natural calamity , 2009, 2.50
2014, - 2012, 0.60 2011, 0.40

[Total.17.40 Million]
Figure 4 represents that, the disbursement from JBL is 2.50, 10.00 and 0.40 consecutively
from the year 2009-2011. From the year 2012-2014, the disbursement from JBL is
consecutively 0.60, 3.90 and 0.00 BDT in Million. The total disbursement from 2009-2012 is
17.40 million taka. Though, there seen poor disbursement in the segment of combat against
natural calamity.

8.5 Helping the Poor, Marginal, Agriculturalists

Though Bangladesh is on path for Middle Income Country position by 2021, agriculture is
still the chief employer in the state definitely; and 47.5% of the total populations are openly
employed in agriculture and about 70% population is contingent on agriculture in one method
or alternative for their maintenance. Agriculture is the basis of food supply for people through
livestock, fisheries, and crops. All these are the basis of raw materials for industrial sector, of
wood for construction; and a producer of foreign exchange for the state through the trade of
agricultural supplies, whether it is raw materials or processed product. It is the motor of the
improvement of the agro-industrial sector, as well as input production and marketing, food
processing, and associated facilities. As it provides the main foundation of economic relations

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 International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2018, 29-45

in rural ranges, it plays an important role in decreasing poverty, which rests a principally rural
phenomenon (Miah, 2015).
Helping the poor,
Figure 5: Helping the poor, marginal, agriculturists marginal,
agriculturists, 2010,
11.00

Helping the poor,

marginal,
agriculturists, 2011,
7.50
2014 2013 2012
Helping the poor, Helping the poor,
marginal, marginal,
agriculturists, 2014, agriculturists, 2012,
5.00 5.00 2011 2010 2009

Helping the poor, Helping the poor,

marginal, marginal,
agriculturists, 2013, agriculturists, 2009,
- -
[Total.28.50 Million]
The figure 5 depicts that, from 2009-2011, the disbursement from JBL is consecutively 0.00,
11.00 and 7.50 BDT in Million. The disbursement from JBL is 5.00, 0.00 and 5.00
consecutively from the year 2012-2014. There seen lots of ups and down from the year 2009-
2014, the disbursement, in the helping the poor, marginal, agriculturalists segment.

8.6 Preservation of History-Tradition, Culture and Sports

The culture of Bangladesh has its own, solid character and exclusive behavior shaped by its
history, traditions, nature, customs and long difficult fights for national identity and existence.
The periods old national customs of Bangladesh are revealed in a various material and
immaterial legacy - in sculptures, stones and terracotta, archaeological places, constructions,
paintings, dramas, folk arts, museums, libraries, archives, classical music, songs and dance,
commemorations, sports along with folkloric cultural events (Akter, 2008).

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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[Total.164.07 Million]
Figure 6 represents that, the disbursement from JBL is 2.87, 10.08 and 15.37 consecutively
from the year 2009-2011. From the year 2012-2014, the disbursement from JBL is
consecutively 18.67, 44.50 and 72.58 BDT in Million. The total disbursement from 2009-
2012 is 164.07 million taka. Though, there seen gradually increasing disbursement in the
segment of preservation of history-tradition, culture and sports.

8.7 Preservation of Environment

In a state like Bangladesh, where competition for assets is strong and the booming capability
of the natural resource base has got its edges with the growing urbanization and development,
the matter of appropriate administration of environment for attaining sustainable progress has
enormous probability to create not only viable growth but release the social strain directs to
public welfare as well (GoB, 2015).

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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Figure 7: Preservation of environment

2009 -

2010 -

2011 0.10
Preservation of
2012 0.20 environment

2013 0.60

2014 0.25

- 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80

[Total.1.15 Million]
The figure 7 represents that, from 2009-2011, the disbursement from JBL is consecutively
0.00, 0.00 and 0.10 BDT in Million. The disbursement from JBL is 0.20, 0.60 and 0.25
consecutively from the year 2012-2014. There seen poor disbursement from the year 2009-
2014 is 1.15 million taka, in the preservation of environment segment.

8.8 Invention
New invention can promote development, such as, environmental protection, food supply,
better education facilities, better health and treatment facilities etc.

Figure 8: Invention
Invention, 2012,
0.70

2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
Invention, 2009
2010,
0.10
Invention, 2014, Invention,
- 2013, - Invention, 2011,Invention,
- 2009, -

[Total.0.80 Million]

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
Limited (JBL): A Case Study”
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 International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2018, 29-45

Figure 8 denotes that, the disbursement from JBL is 0.00, 0.10 and 0.00 consecutively from
the year 2009-2011. From the year 2012-2014, the disbursement from JBL is consecutively
0.70, 0.00 and 0.00 BDT in Million. The total disbursement from 2009-2012 is 0.80 million
taka. There is seeing a very poor disbursement in the segment of invention.

8.9 Expansion of Technology

“Digital Bangladesh” has become the novel word of progress for more than half a decade. The
extensive practice of the term evidently indicates the government's importance to the
improvement of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) (Chandan, March 28,
2014).

Figure 9: Expansion of technology

2.90 0.20
2014
6.50 11.11
2013

2012
14.30
15.00 2011

2010

2009

[Total.50.01Million]
Figure 9 represents that, the disbursement from JBL is 0.20, 2.90 and 6.50 consecutively from
the year 2009-2011. From the year 2012-2014, the disbursement from JBL is consecutively
14.30, 15.00 and 11.11 BDT in Million. The total disbursement from 2009-2012 is 50.01
million taka. Though, there seen different scale in disbursement in the segment of expansion
of technology.

9. Recommendations
• It needs to give special focus on the education sector to make our backbone of strong.
• The disbursement in health sector needed to increase more focusing on poor section of
society.

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• It is necessary to make poverty focused development. So, the CSR of JBL should be
focused on poverty reduction and rehabilitation.
• Initiatives should be taken to increase the disbursement on combat against natural
calamity; we cannot forget that Bangladesh is a disaster-prone country.
• The employment sector of Bangladesh has mostly depended on agriculture. We cannot
ignore the positive side of this sector. In “helping the poor, marginal, agriculturalists”
segment cannot be ignored in the proper development of the state.
• It is needed to continue to keep the attention on the reservation of history-tradition,
culture and sports.
• Preservation of the environment is the prerequisite of sustainable development. The
handsome disbursement in this sector is vital.
• Expansion of technology is vital for the implementation of digital Bangladesh. The
disbursement needed to increase more.
• The newest invention is helpful to the overall progress of the state. The consistency
and increase of disbursement are very much significant.

10. Conclusion
Nearly all banks in Bangladesh accept the CSR commitments by resolution at the top
organization level (Board of Directors), with their financial disbursements on CSR programs
growing four-fold and their lively participation in fiscal attachment initiatives intended at
attainment with credit and other monetary services to the poor and deprived sections people
involved in farm and non-farm useful events. CSR initiatives focusing environmental issues
have as well extended significantly (Bangladesh Bank, 2011). Bangladesh as a third world
nation is facing a lot of difficulties. Frequently, the Government finds them so helpless when
they take initiatives to solving of these difficulties. JBL, as a business organization of this
state is measured as a part of the prosperous section of the country and they can donate more
profoundly on the way of the advancement of the state. Like JBL, if more corporations came
onward to donate to the society people, it will support to generate their social branding in the
society along with serving the people of the society. But, JBL needs to pay more attention in
CSR segment as a State-owned Commercial Bank (SoCB).

© Ferdous, Jannatul & Mahmud, Md. Sultan, (2018), “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Janata Bank
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