ACS usnco US. National Chemistry Olympiad Translated by CHEMSAPLING KY THI OLYMPIAD HOA HOC HOA KY (USNCO) 2023 BAI THI QUOC GIA PHAN II (TY LUAN) uy chun 6 bi Ban Re Ki thi Olympiad Ha ge Oude gia ~ Hip ho Ha ho Hoe Ki BAN RA DE KY THI OLYMPIAD HOA HQC 2023 Seth N. Brown, Chui tich H@i ding, Dai hoc Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN James Ayers. Colo Mess University, Grand Sinton, CO immer Gardner, Cite States Air Force dean, CO ‘ery Bel, Simons Universi, Boston, MA (tro) Paul Groves, South Pasadena HS. South Pasadena, CA (ied) Jesse Berson, Mland Cowar) Day School, Mami, FL (cere) John Kot, Sate Univers of New York Oneonta, NY (tized) Mark DeCamp, Unvorsiy of chia, Deabor, AMI ried) ‘Sarah Lite, phins Soho, Nw Haven, CT “Tames Dahm, Exon Houston, TX Michael A. Morgan, Francis Bravo Madical Magne i, Los Angeles, CA Xu Duan, Hotta Schoo, Bethesda, MD Jane Nagurney. Scranton Preparatory Schoo, Seana, PA (rte) HUONG DAN CHO CAN BO COLT Phin I cia kj thi yeu edu ede dip dn cia thi sinh phai duge vi8t trong nhting 6 wéng duge cung cp dud mBi edu hai trong ‘quyén dé thi, Quyén dé thi Phan II va gidy nhép chi duge cung cap cho thi sinh trong thoi gian lam bai thi, Tat ¢@ tai ligu cua ky thi, bao gdm quyén dé thi vi gidy nap, phi doe thu Igi tr thi sinh ngay sau khi két dhie ky thi. Quyén 48 thi chita dip 4n cia thi sinh phi duge gi dén Phong Khio thi va Kiém djmh chat lugug USNCO ngay sau ky thi qude gia truce mgay 24 thang 4 nim 2023, hi thi sinh hoan thinh Phin HI hose saw m@t mui Him phiit, thi sinh phai n6p Iai tit ea eae ti igu cua ba thi Phin 11 va tit ca gidy nhap. Hay dim bao ring thi sinh da dién cing mgt sb bio danh da duge sir dung cho bai thi Pham I dé sit dung Igi cho Phan IL. Kj thi Olympiad Hod hoe Quée gia Hoa Kj s& gdm 3 bai thi. Thi sinh cé quyén Iya chon dusge hoan thinh bat eit phin thi mio trade, vi dave phép chon khosing thoi gian tam nghi gita ede phn thi Phin 60 cau hot tre nghigm chon 1 dap an 1 tiéng, 30 phat Phin tt 8 clu hoi quyét vin dd Tine as phat Phin it 2 vin a’ hye hin 1 tiéng, 30 phat ‘M6t bing turin hodn cée nguyén té hod hoc va cdc cing thite hitu dung durge cung ep & trang 2 cho ede thi sinh sit dung, Thi sinh duge phép sir dyng may tinh cdm tay khong c6 chive ning thu, phét va lwu tri tin higu. Vige sir dyng my thing minh, dign thogi di dng, ding hi, hode bat ci tht bj difn tir ndo cé kha ning truy cfip vio internet hode tao bin sao hoje chyp anh trong suét qus trinh lim bai thi sé déu duge tinh 14 vi pham quy ché vi bj dink chi thi, HUONG DAN CHO THI SINH - KHONG LAT TRANG SAU CHO DEN KHI CO HIBU LENH CHO PHEP Phan 11 yu chu th sinh dua race dp én ye Iudn cho ede edu hoi gn quan dén vige gid hich va wii quyét vin 48, $8 o6 mg tiBng bin musi Him phiit d¢ thi sink hoin think bai thi nly. Hiy dm bio sir dung edng mot s6 biio dank mi thi sinh di sie dung cho bai thi Phan Td didn ddy di 6 béo danh 6 du trang cda mi trang rong ce 6 dng chi dink, Sit dyng gidy nhip duge phat vi Khdng 1p gify ahap cimg voi quyén dé thi, Khi th sinh hon thin bai thi (hoc Khi hét mgt tiéng bn mui Kim phiit), thi sinh phai nop aquyénd thi chia dip in va gify nip eda hi sin, SO BAO DANH USNCO: ‘Tai sin etia ACS USNCO— Khong sir dung cho cae ky thi USNCO sau mga 23 thing 4, 2023, uge phan phi boi Higp hoi Hoa hoe Hoa Ki, Dising 1155 16-,N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Bin quyén di duge bio lu. In tgi Hoa KY. Ban dich boi ChemSaplingCAC cut CALVA KY meu VIET TAT HANG Twang chat ir] hing 96 Faraday F [phan ar Rhos M ho ampete/ampe Alnangtvongtdo —-G_| mole mol R=8314} mol 'K atinosphere sum | tin 88 v | hing f Planck h R~008314 L baranot'K" nguyen tr ki ee P ting 6 Avogadro Na gramn/gam a | hing 36 tbe 40 k F = 96,500 C mot dd Celsius: SC | gid hh | thong s6 phan img. Q F = 96,5001 V' mot" cent ¢ | joulejun 1 | siay 3 , . coulomblenléing € | Kelvin K. | (edd anh sing : Na= 6.02.10" mot rieng, d| kilo~ k | nhigt dg, K T = 6,626.10 Js lye dign tir E| lit L | théi gian t = 2.998.108 ms" ning htong hoat hoi Ey thang do dp suit mmtig. | &p suit ho ve SC enthalpy AY milli mnéng | volt'von v O8C TIPS K entropy S| motat im | thé tich v {atm = 1.013 bar = 760 mmHg hing 6 etn bing molar M | nam y Nhigt dung rigng cia H:0 4.184 g'K" CAC CONG THUC THUONG GAP EQUATIONS ink =| 2" R los | 2A GA 4A SA 6A 7A | 408 4 s|e]i7]sfo| Be Bc |N | O] F | Ne 2 1B Is 7 | a8 Mg 8 1 on a2] Al P ci} Ar no» | dat 8B 1B 2B | 2098 sor | stor | asas | 95 19 | 20 26 29 | 30 | 31 33 | a4 | 3s | 36 K | Ca Fe Cu | Zn | Ga As | Se | Br | Kr 37 44 46 | 47 | as | 49 so | 33 Rb Ru Pa) ag | Ca | In Te} 1 St mn von | ior | 13s | ute | 26s 55 76 7s [79 | so | at sa [85 cs Os re} Aw | Hg | 1 Po} At 87 108, no} ut | 2 | 3 us | 16 | 117 Fr Hs Ds | Rg Nh Me | Lv | 1s wy | ex 265 ex) | om | aap | cw ax | ay | om) 59 | 60 | ot | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 Pr Nd Pm) Sm) Eu Gd) Th) Dy Ho Er | Tm) Yb | Lu oo | tia | ce) | rate | iste | tsa | asso | ves | tote | wets | tose | inte | asso D1 92-93 | 9d 95 | 9G | 97-98 | 99 | 100 | 101 102 | 103 Pa U Np Pu Am) Ci cf Es Fm | Md) No | Lr aio | a0 | eF) | ee | GE) Gry ean, asm | as | aa) Trang? Tal san cua ACS USNCO — Khong su dung cho ede ky thi USNCO sau ngaty 23 thang 4, 2023Céu héi 1 (trang 1/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: 1, [1296] A li mét hop chit ion chi ita ce nguyén t6 hydrogen, nitrogen, va oxygen. 4 MOLindu 1.000 hop chit A duge hod tan trong 20 mL nue vit duge chun d6 bi dung dich NaOH 0.5000 M, thu duge d6 th bigu dién 46 pH cia dung dich du6i dy. Hy cho biét kh luyng mol eta A? ‘Trinh bay cau tr oi 6 day: “ % " 10 PH o 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 mL 0.5000 M NaOH added b. Kh cho 1,000g mu hgp chit A mung ng 6 230°C trong mot bin chia dp dung ich 1.50 L, hyp chit nly pin huy tgothinh sin phn Kh cop ut 784 mig, Hic bao nigu mol Kh dug tao thn? Tai sin eda ACS USNCO — Khong sir dyng cho ese ky thi USNCO sau ngay 23 thing 4, 2023 ‘Trang 3Céu héi 1 (trang 2/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: ce Néu hrgmg ki sinh ra equ trinh phn hu 1.000g A dnge dn qua mt dng chia magnesium perchlorate (mt chit hit nue mank), sae thu Khi 6 25 °C vi fp suit 755 mb, the ich kh thu due ka 308 mL. Hoi eb bao nig mol khi thu duge trong thi nghigm tren? 4. Hay cho biét cng thite cua A va giai thich, ©. Hay ve edng thie Lewis eta cation vi anion trong A vi (cic) sim phim thu diye tr qué trinh phan huy A & 230 °C, Céng thie Lewis phai biéu dién diy di cdc lién ké, di electron ty do, va dign tich hinh thie, Biéu dién cée céng thire eng hudmg (néu 6) trong timg mrong hop. Trang 4 ‘Tal sin cha ACS USNCO — Khong sir dyng cho ede ky USNGO sau ngay 23 thing 4, 2023Céu héi 2 (trang 1/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: 2. [1446] Tinh acid eta mae dre tng én ki lin két vi ion kim log. Vid, ne Tinh pl ta dung dich zine nitrate, Z3(NO): 0.010 ML Zn? (ag) 148.96. ’. Tinh pH cia dung dich zine acetate, Zn(CHsCOO)> 0.010 M. Biét pK. ciia CHsCOOH 18 4.75, ©. Zine hydroxide la mt hgp chit rat it tan, yi Kip= 4.5 10". Tinh pH eia dung dich bao ho’ Zn(OH)> ei, Tai sin cua ACS USNCO — Khong sir dung cho ede ky thi USNCO sau mgay 23 thang 4, 2023, Trang SCéu héi 2 (trang 2/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: 4. Trong difu kign nao dung dich zine acetate ngay lap tte tao két tia Zn(OH):? Hay néu ro diéu kién va gia hich (néu 66), dng tao ion phite Zn(OH).* véi Ke= 5.0 - 10", Tinh dl tan eda Zn(OH): trong mot 2.00, ¢. Kim ding thai dung dich 66 pl Trang 6 n eda ACS USNCO — Khong sir dung cho ede ky thi USNCO sau ngiy 23 thang 4, 2023Céu héi 3 (trang 1/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: [12%] Ki hydrogen phan img véi Kh oxygen tao hoi nude véi AHP = 241.8 kJ mol"! vii AS%vn 44.5 Jamol'K! (g) + 0.5 Ox(g) > H20(@) Chit S°, Lmol'K GSK 110%) m 418 Hae) 130.7 a4 xg) 208.2 092 a. Tinh S® cia H:0(g). ». Enthalpy phan ly ign két (BDE - bond dissociation enthalpy) ita lién k&t O-H trong nude 1a 463 Kol! vi DE cua lign két 1-H trong I la 436 kJ.mol!: Hay tinh BDE cia lién két O-O trong O2 ©. 0.100 mol Ha) vi 0.100 mol O:(e) & 100 °C dave cho phan ing hosn toa trong mst bin chia c6 épsudt 1 bar. Ddi véi thi nghigm nay, binh chira duye gia cong trong mot kh6i nhm 6 khoi lugng 1.00 kg (Cp = 0.89 J. 1K»), khdi nhm nay 06 Kha ning hip thy nigrduge tao ra tong phan img tt va dg th céch mht vi moi truimg nung quan, Hoi nit d6 eu6i cing cia khdi nim vi hn hop khi sau phn img kt bao niu? Bit rng Cy v4 Ar no khsing bj nh hue ba nhigt 46 Tai sn cua ACS USNCO — Khong st dyng cho che Ky thi USNCO sau mgiy 23 thing 4, 2023, ‘Trang 7Céu héi 3 (trang 2/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: Gigi han chi thp (LFL —lower famiabilty limit eso cht a ning th ic ti thigu ci ti dé chit d6bée chiy dud cde didu ign cyt, LFL cla kh hydrogen trong king Khim 8 khong 4%, Hy aii thi sp chénh ich git gi tr tnh duge & cu da git] LFLthye nghim ela Kh hydrogen Trang & ‘Tai sin eda ACS USNCO — Khong sir dyng cho ede ky thi USNCO sau ngy 23 thing 4, 2023,Céu hi 4 (trang 1/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: 4. (1396) Ap suit hoi ea nue tinh khit & hit 49 ndng chy cha m6, 0.0 °C, 14 G11 Pa (6.11 + 10° bar) a. Cho 0.880 mol MgCh vio 1.00 kg nude long 6 0.0 °C. Hay tinh dp s i hoi cia dung di thu duve. b.Enthalpy thing hoa cia nie a 51.1 Kot! 610.0 °C va enthalpy hod oH ca nude lng i 5.1 Kd mab (0.0 °C. Gia sired gi tri enthalpy Khéng bi an hung boi mht 8, hy tah mht Khi nude A inh hit 5 cing gi tp suit hoi voi dung dch magnesium chloride 6 .0°C tinh duge 6 cfu ‘Tai sin eda ACS USNCO — Khong sir dyng cho ede ky thi USNCO sau ngay 23 thang 4, 2023 Trang 9Céu hi 4 (trang 2/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: G nhigt 46 déng dc cia dung dich magnesium chloride, ép sud hoi cia dung dich 6 ci suit ho cia mute tinh Khigt Hay gi thick, 12 ei ti vo dp ir dung phat bigu & eau c, hay tinh nhigt dd dOng dic cia dung dich 0.880 mol MgCle due hod tan trong 1.00 kg nude. Nhigt d6 tinh durge 6 edu d la nhigt d6 cia h@ khi chit rin du tién duge tach ra tir dung djeh 6 trang thai thing khi hg duge lim fan. Khi c& thém chit in duge hinh thinh, abit 49 ca hés8 tng Len, giam xudng hay duy te én djnh? Giaithich ngin gon. Trang 10 dn eda ACS USNCO — Khong sir dyng cho ede ky thi USNCO sau ngay 23 thing 4, 2023,Céu héi 5 (trang 1/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: 5. [12%] Viét ede phuomg trinh hos he cho mdi phn img dus day. Sit dng ede edng tite ion vi phn te phi hop, ba qua ce ion hoge phan tir hong tham gia vio phan ting. VE cng thie edu tgo cho tt ca ede ehdt hu co, biéu dign yéu 16 Iap thé néu e6. Khdng edn edn bing ede phuomg trink hode hién thi pha eda ce chi a. Dung dich hydrochloric acid duge cho vio dung dich sodium hypochlorite b. Gidy bac duge them vao dung dich potassium hydroxide dic. cc. Kim logi sodium duzge cho vio ammonia long vsi mot lung nho sit(IT) nitrate Tai sin cua ACS USNCO — Khong sir dung cho ede ky thi USNCO sau mgay 23 hang 4, 2023, ‘TrangCéu héi 5 (trang 2/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: 4d. Potassium tetrachloroplatinate durge dun néng vei hai dmg hong dung dich ammonia. ¢. Sodium sert-butoxide duge thém vio 3-bromo-3-cthylpentane trong dung méiV.N-dimethylformamide (DMF) £ Cobalt-57 phan ri phéng x@ boi qua trinh bat gitt electron.Cau hoi 6 (trang 1/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: 6. [12% Th dign eve chun cia mét sé hop chit cia platinum va bac 6 298 K duce cho trong bing di dy Bin phin img BY PE (ag) +2e > Pr(s) +1188 PIL (ag) + 2e > PU(s) +4 Cl(aq) +0158 ICLP (ag) +2 MCLE (ag) +2 CH ag) +0.726 Agi(ag) +e — Ag(s) +0.799 a. Tinh Kreia ion PeCl? '. Tinh £ cua bn phan tng khtr hexachloroplatinate(IV)thanh kim loa platinum. PICL (ag) +4e-—+ Pais) + 6 Cag) ‘Mot pin dign lod duge thiét lap theo so d dus day. Pr as Oot M Pcie o10MAr o1Mcr USNCO— Khong sr dung cho ede ky thi USNCO sau gay 23 thang 4, 2023,Cau hoi 6 (trang 2/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: cc. Tinh thé dign cue can thiét d8 than & dign eye Ag, gn cue platinum bj hod tan tg fon PIC (ag) vi Ag'(ag) diac t90 4. Khi thye hign dign phan, e6 thé go thanh mot long ding ké hexachloroplatinate(IV) 6 anode (28 mit nhigt dng hge) hay khing? Giaithich ‘Trang 14 Tal sin ela ACS USNCO — Khdng sir dyng cho ede kj thi USNCO sau nghy 23 thing 4, 2023,Céu héi 7 (trang 1/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: ce e6ng thite 7. [13%] Nauyén tr luorine va nhém methyl du tgo métlién két, do d6 ching déu tao nén ca hop chit v6 chung lin lugt ki APs va A(CHs)s. Nhigt d6 sOi va do dai ign két AX eta ede phn ir e6 e6ng thite AX» duge so sinh 6 cic dé thi dud diy (A = nguyén t phan l6p 2p; X = F hoe CH). So sinh nbiét dé sé So sdnh d6 dai lién két Bone ienth, pn vANFs a. Vé va mé ta hinh dang phan tir cla B b. Trong moi time hop, ahi ds ea pine AF, du nha hon pin tr (CHS) Hy gid hich hi gg nd. ‘Tai sin ea ACS USNCO — Khong sir dung cho ede ky thi USNCO sau ngay 23 thang 4, 2023 ‘Trang 15Céu héi 7 (trang 2/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: cc. _Khéng tinh cae hop chit eta boron, xu huréng bién d6i nhiét d6 chuyén vé phia bén phai cia bang twin hostn, Gia th dm dn khi nguyén tr trang tam A dich 6. Gi thich tai sao BFs 66 nhigt d6 s6i cao hon CFs, trong khi B(CH:)s 66 nhigt d6 si thip hon C(CHs). €. Git thich tg sa0 49 dai fgn k&t A-C git din ki A djch chuy&n v phia bén phai cua bang tain hod, f. Gidi thich tqi sao dO dai ign két A-F ting din khi A dich chuyén vé phia bén phai cita bing tun hoan, Trang 16 ‘an ea ACS USNCO — Khong sir dung cho cic ky thi USNCO sau ngiy 23 thing 4, 2023 e ig si dung, y ieay aCau héi 8 (trang 1/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: 8. [12%] Cho hai hop chit véng sau: cyclopentanone va I-metinyleyclopentene: 9 Hs eyclopentanone _1-methylcyclopentene a. Hop chit no c6 nhigt d6 s6i cao hon? Gia thich, >. Mot rong hai hep chit c6 kha ning kim mt mia bromine trong dung méi carbon tetrachloride. Be li hgp chit rio? V& sin phim chinh tgothinh tong phan img, bigu dign yeu 1 lip thé nue. €. MOtirong hai hop chit ed kh ning phn tng vi thube thi Grignard methylmagnesium bromide, Dé Ik hp chit nio?_Vé sin phim chia tao thin tong phan tg (duge o6 lip sau qua trinh work-up véi dung dich acid loaing),bigu din yéu t lap th8 néu cd Tai sin cua ACS USNCO — Khong sir dung cho ede ky thi USNCO sau ngay 23 hang 4, 2023, ‘TrangCau héi 8 (trang 2/2) $6 béo danh USNCO: 4d. San phim ciia phan img 6 cau c 6 thé tgo thanh cyclopentanone hoge I-methyleyelapentene théng qua mot phn img duy nhat vi higu sudt dig ké, Chi ra sin phim dy vi tenn en hig thy hign phn Gg dduge néu ten, @. Ca eyclopentanone va I-methyleyclopentene déu la nhiing phan tir bat d6i, Hay ve cfu tao dng phan lap cca L-methyley tinh quang host, ‘Trang 18 ‘Tai san ca ACS USNCO ~ Khéng sit dyng cho cde thi USNCO sau ngiy 23 thing 4, 2023,