Answer Key with Questions

Module Test: Energy and Motion

1) Which is kinetic energy?

the energy of a moving object

energy that is increasing
energy that is decreasing
energy that is stored in the position, or structure, of an object

Correct Answer
the energy of a moving object

2)
Another name for stored energy is energy.

Correct Answer
Blank 1: potential

3) The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be _____ or _____.

gained; released

used; wasted
created; destroyed
heated; frozen

Correct Answer
created; destroyed

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

4) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.

As the amount of force on an object increases, the acceleration of the object
.
(Blank 1)

Blank 1 options

increases
decreases

Correct Answer
increases

5) Which best describes the type of energy that a bike has when it travels on a flat
sidewalk?

kinetic energy
potential energy

sound energy
chemical energy

Correct Answer
kinetic energy

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

6)
The amount of kinetic energy an object has is related to its mass and

Correct Answer
Blank 1: speed or velocity

7) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.

The skateboarder will not stop unless acted upon by

.
(Blank 1)

Blank 1 options

balanced forces
unbalanced forces

Correct Answer
unbalanced forces

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

8) If two puppies pull on a plastic ring with equal force, the ring does not move. This is an
example of _____.

balanced forces
unbalanced forces

acceleration

friction

Correct Answer
balanced forces

9) When an elevator is accelerating upward in a building, there are unbalanced forces

acting on it.

True

False

Correct Answer
True

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

10) How does the energy change when work is done on an object?

Correct Answer
Answers may vary.

Explanation
Sample answer: Energy is the ability to do work. When work is done on an object, it can
make an object move or change. Any force requires energy. When a force causes an
object to move, some energy is transferred.

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

11) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.

Velocity is measured using the and of an object.
(Blank 1) (Blank 2)

Blank 1 options Blank 2 options

speed direction
inertia force

Correct Answer
speed
direction

12) A horse that is accelerating is ______________.

standing still
maintaining its speed

decreasing in weight

slowing down

Correct Answer
slowing down

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

13) Fill in the blanks using the available answer choices.

The more friction between colliding objects, the heat produced during a
(Blank 1)
collision.

Blank 1 options

more
less

Correct Answer
more

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

14) Use the example of a baseball and bat to describe the forces acting on the baseball
before and at the moment it comes in contact with the bat.

Correct Answer
Answers may vary.

Explanation
Sample answer: Contact force is the force that results from the interaction of two objects
colliding. When a baseball and bat collide, the contact force sends the baseball traveling
in the direction the bat is swung. Reaction force is the force acting back on the object
that started the push or pull. When the bat hits the baseball, the reaction force pushes
back on the bat after impact with the baseball.

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

15) Which force will stop a moving truck?

friction
inertia

newtons

balanced forces

Correct Answer
friction

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

16) A student wanted to find out how much energy of motion would be needed to move a
marble that was at rest. She set up the following investigation:

What data should she gather?

what the temperature is that day

how fast the marble travels

what colors the marbles contain

how many boys and girls are helping

Correct Answer
how fast the marble travels

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

17) Describe an example when kinetic energy is transferred between objects.

Correct Answer
Answers may vary.

Explanation
Sample answer: When a bowling ball collides with a bowling pin, kinetic energy is
transferred from the ball to the pin. The pin changes position and can be knocked over.

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

18) Which has the most kinetic energy?

a wagon moving at 2 meters/second

a wagon moving at 4 meters/second

a wagon moving at 6 meters/second

a wagon moving at 8 meters/second

Correct Answer
a wagon moving at 8 meters/second

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Answer Key with Questions
Module Test: Energy and Motion

19) Tess rubs a piece of wood with sandpaper. She touches the piece of wood with her
hand when she stops rubbing it. It feels hot.
Later, Tess rubs the same piece of wood with sandpaper again, using the same amount
of force she used earlier. She touches the piece of wood with her hand when she stops
rubbing it. It feels warm but not as hot as the first time she rubbed it.
Explain the most likely reason why there is a difference in how hot the piece of wood
feels.

Explain your thinking.

Correct Answer
Answers may vary.

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Constructed-Response Rubric
PE: 4-PS3-1: Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

Level of
Evidence of Understanding
Understanding
Student response provides clear evidence of using the dimensions* to make
Demonstrating sense of scientific phenomena and/or to design solutions to problems. Student
2 Expected is able to:
Understanding
▪ explain the most likely reason why there is a difference in how hot the piece of
wood feels and explain their thinking.

Student response provides partial evidence of using the dimensions* to

Progressing make sense of scientific phenomena and/or to design solutions to problems.
1 toward The response lacks some critical information and details or contains some
Understanding errors. Student is able to:
▪ explain the most likely reason why there is a difference in how hot the
piece of wood feels and explain their thinking BUT the explanations
contain errors.

Student does not respond or student response is inaccurate, irrelevant, or

Not Showing
0 contains insufficient evidence of using the dimensions* to make sense of
Understanding
scientific phenomena and/or to design solutions to problems.

*As outlined in the Performance Expectations (PE) of the NGSS, the three dimensions are the disciplinary core ideas (DCI), science and
engineering practices (SEP), and crosscutting concepts (CCC). Note that due to the complexity of the PEs, individual assessment items
may not address all three dimensions.

Scoring Notes
Possible answers include:
Tess must have rubbed the wood faster the first time. Fast rubbing has more energy than slow rubbing. The
energy from the rubbing moved from the sandpaper to the piece of wood as heat. More energy moving from the
sandpaper to the wood means that the wood feels hotter.

© Measured Progress. Reproduced with permission.