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WD Unit 1

HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It consists of elements that define the structure and layout of a web page. Some key elements include <h1> for main headings, <p> for paragraphs of text, <img> to embed images, and <a> to define hyperlinks. Styles can be applied to elements using the style attribute to specify properties like color, font, size and alignment.

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Nitish Chandra
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14 views

WD Unit 1

HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It consists of elements that define the structure and layout of a web page. Some key elements include <h1> for main headings, <p> for paragraphs of text, <img> to embed images, and <a> to define hyperlinks. Styles can be applied to elements using the style attribute to specify properties like color, font, size and alignment.

Uploaded by

Nitish Chandra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is HTML?

 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language


 HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
 HTML describes the structure of a Web page
 HTML consists of a series of elements
 HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
 HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a
paragraph", "this is a link", etc.

A Simple HTML Document


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained
 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5
document
 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
 The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
 The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the
browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
 The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the
visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists,
etc.
 The <h1> element defines a large heading
 The <p> element defines a paragraph

What is an HTML Element?


An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:

<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements
are called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration


The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to
display web pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

<h2>This is heading 2</h2>

<h3>This is heading 3</h3>

<h4>This is heading 4</h4>

<h5>This is heading 5</h5>

<h6>This is heading 6</h6>

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

Example
<a href="https://www.Google.com">This is a link</a>

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as
attributes:

Example
<img src="abc.jpg" alt="xyz.com" width="104" height="142">

There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute:

1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another website.


Example: src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/img_girl.jpg".

Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission to use
it, you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control external
images; it can suddenly be removed or changed.

2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here, the URL
does not include the domain name. If the URL begins without a slash, it will be relative
to the current page. Example: src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL begins with a slash, it will
be relative to the domain. Example: src="/images/img_girl.jpg".

Tip: It is almost always best to use relative URLs. They will not break if you change
domain.

The alt Attribute


The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an image, if
the image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to a slow connection,
or an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader.

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">

Nested HTML Elements


HTML elements can be nested (this means that elements can contain other elements).

All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

The following example contains four HTML elements (<html>, <body>, <h1> and <p>)

HTML is Not Case Sensitive


HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>.

The HTML standard does not require lowercase tags, but W3C recommends lowercase
in HTML, and demands lowercase for stricter document types like XHTML.

HTML Line Breaks


The HTML <br> element defines a line break.

Use <br> if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example
<p>This is<br>a paragraph<br>with line breaks.</p>

The Poem Problem


This poem will display on a single line:

Example
<p>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

My Bonnie lies over the sea.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.


</p>

Solution - The HTML <pre> Element


The HTML <pre> element defines preformatted text.

The text inside a <pre> element is displayed in a fixed-width font (usually Courier), and
it preserves both spaces and line breaks:
Example
<pre>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

My Bonnie lies over the sea.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.


</pre>

HTML Styles
The HTML style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font,
size, and more.

The HTML Style Attribute


Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with the style attribute.

The HTML style attribute has the following syntax:

<tagname style="property:value;">

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<p>I am normal</p>

<p style="color:red;">I am red</p>

<p style="color:blue;">I am blue</p>

<p style="font-size:50px;">I am big</p>

</body>

</html>
Background Color
The CSS background-color property defines the background color for an HTML
element.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body style="background-color:powderblue;">

<h1>This is a heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

Example
Set background color for two different elements:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<body>

<h1 style="background-color:powderblue;">This is a heading</h1>

<p style="background-color:tomato;">This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

Text Color
The CSS color property defines the text color for an HTML element:
Example
<h1 style="color:blue;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="color:red;">This is a paragraph.</p>

Fonts
The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used for an HTML element:

Example
<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:courier;">This is a paragraph.</p>

Text Size
The CSS font-size property defines the text size for an HTML element:

Example
<h1 style="font-size:300%;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-size:160%;">This is a paragraph.</p>

Text Alignment
The CSS text-align property defines the horizontal text alignment for an HTML
element:

Example
<h1 style="text-align:center;">Centered Heading</h1>
<p style="text-align:center;">Centered paragraph.</p>

Chapter Summary
 Use the style attribute for styling HTML elements
 Use background-color for background color
 Use color for text colors
 Use font-family for text fonts
 Use font-size for text sizes
 Use text-align for text alignment

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