EAMS m is usually ection from its e deflection is. eutral surface surface of the configuration tral surface is the beam. rve iG BEAM lable for the tions. These 10d ’ d applying Castigliano’s theorem. DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD The double integration method is a powerful tool in solving deflection and of a beam at any point because we will be able to get the equation of the elastic curve. In calculus, the radius of curvature of a curve y = f(x) is given by _ + Gy/axyr Pp? as | dy (dx? In part 2 of this book, the radius of curvature of a beam is given as oat M Deflection of beams are so small, such that the slope of the elastic curve dy/dx is very small, and squaring this expression the value becomes practically negligible, hence Le ee f @y/dx? y" ea Thus, "yy M i w2Moly "a 8. If EI is constant, the equation may be written as: Ely’=MFormulas and’ 214 Principles where x and y are the coordinates shown in . the figure above, y is the deflection of the beam at any distance x. E is the modulus of elasticity of. the beam, I represent the moment of inertia about the neutral axis, and M represents the bending moment at a distance x-from the end of the beam. The product EI is called the flexural rigidity of the beam. The first integration y’ yields the slope of the elastic curve and the second integration y gives the deflection of the beam at any distance. x." The resulting solution must contain two constants of integration since Ely” = M is of second order. These two constants must be evaluated from known conditions concerning ‘the slope ‘deflection at certain points of the beam. For instance, in the case of a simply supported beam with rigid supports, at x = 0 and x = L, the deflection y = 0, and in locating the point of maximum: deflection, we simply set the Slope of the elastic curve y’ to zero. AREA-MOMENT METHOD Theorer The d the tal any ( the be multip about ’ diagrat andsituation: Problem 1 to 2 , IN Ea a 10m ws carries a uniform en of 24 kN/m. Using E = Problem 1 © ; : Determine the rotation (in degrees) of the beam at a point 4 m from the left support. A. 0.00587 C. 0.353 B. 0.265 D. 0.00617 Problem 2 @ Determine the deflection at a point 4 m from the left support. 62 mm * C. 78mm B. 58mm DB. 45mm Ces nL ttiem 2 ta 4 Lo -atatad anna af M anntied at| ec CO 1to2 By double integration method: Ely” = M = 120 x ~ 24x(x/2) Ey” = 120x— 12% Ely’ = 60x? - 4x? + Ci 2) Ely = 200-x*+Cx+GQ > (2) When x = 0, y In Eq. (2), G=0 When x = 10, y = 0 In Eq. (2) 0 = 20(10)? — 10° + Cx(10); Cr = -1000 The rotation (y’ =.6) of the beam at x = 4 can be solved from Eq. M EI y’ = 60(4)? — 4(4)? - 1000 = -296 kN-m? Note: The negative sign shows that the curve Is directed downward % 296 x (1000)? ‘i ; gay’ = — 226% (1000)" _ = 0.006167 radians + 0.353° Y= 560,000(240 x10) fodiens 5 Oreos The deflection at x = 4m can be solved from Eq. 2) Ely = 20(4)° - (4)* = 1000(4) = -2976 kN-m’ ,Note: The negative sign shows that the curve is below the origin “O” _ 2976 x(1000)" | 700,000(240x108) o2™: QQ) stw6 mn = (M/ILX/2 — MM? , +. * x Al xe jor =u ¥3 (location of maximum deflection) i ney a In Eq. (1) ia D yey ry, y76 + M/E) (LVS ) o aes ML?/EI : (Nol Wh By double integration method: Ely" = M- (M/L)x L=7m Ely’ = Mx - pe +C Ft “ M (A fly = 5° Bereta When x = 0, y = 0: T -0404+C;30=0 s My gos al titi C, = -ML/3° At maximum deflection, y' = 0 M Ely’ = Mx - — x? - ML/ pier 3 2.0OA L/2 Diced“ a. 3 D. L/W3 biem ae @ ; Determ maximum deflection. A movess ML C. 0.04251 ML?/EI 0.06415 ML fel D. 0.05241 ML/EI situation: Problem 5 to 6 (CE May. 1995 & November 1995, asimply supported beam of length 7 m has a concentrated couple Mo of 10 KN-m- applied at one end, Problem 5 The maximum defection is located at this isance fr from the applied load. 5! A 275m B. 2.96 m_ - D. 2.252m Problem 6 @ Calculate the, value of the maximum deflection. Use E = 200,000 N/mm? and Le = 60x 10° mm‘. : . A. 2.62 mm Cc. 10,52 mm . D. 5.26 mmYor res ache Set 8 - Deflection of Beams, Frames, 241 & Trusses; Impact Loads 0 = 6MxL - 3Mx? - 2ML2 0= 3x" 6Lx +21? (1) Ely = Be. 50K - 2)3 + x4 C; > (2) 200 N 100 N When x = 0, y = 0 (Note: the term (x - 2) is ignored) In Eq. (2): G=0 When x = 3, y =0 In Eq, (2): €1(0) = a= 503-27 + Gays =~ At maximum deflection, y’ = 0 (Assuming that the maximum deflection occurs at x < 2m) In Eq. (1): E1(0) = 50x? - 400/3; x = 1.63 < 2 (OK) Thus, the maximum deflection is at 1.63 m from the left support. In Eq. (2) = 50 (4 gays 400. (4.63) = -145.45 Nem? aly = P63 = 63) = = 145,15(1000)*_ = 2.9 mm (maximum deflection) 50,000(1 x 10°)Set 8 - Deflection of Beams, Frames, Part 3 -The 242 & Trusses; Impact Loads, _ : Struc Rotation at the right support (x = 3 m) Ely’ = 50x? - 150(x - 2)?. -400/3 Ely’ = 50(3)* - 150(3 - 2)? -400/3 = 166.67 N-m? . * 2 7 y= y’ = 266.67(1000)"- 9.00333 radian 50,000(1 x 10) 3 10 midspan deflection of a beam of M The ty 1. pee toacoupleMatboth f/f. LB. 2001 N-m D. 1414 N-m Problem 11 An 8-m span simple beam carries a uniform load of 2 KN/m and a concentrated load of 4 KN 2 m from the left support. Calculate the deflection at the midspan. Use E = 100 x 10° MPa and I = 80 x 10° mm’. A. 10mm Cc. 14mm B. 17mm D. 21mm Problem 12 A simolv supported beam of lenath | carries a tinifarm load of w (N/m) thranahautmau By Double integration method; Ely" = M = 11x 2000/2) - Ax - 2) Ely” = 11x - x? - 4(x- 2) Note: The term «x - 2) is valid only s for x22. Re = 11 KN Z rae rea >t) meni e ae -73 Ely = is. + = - 26 Weex+ > (2) When x = 0,-y = 0 (Note: (x - 2) will be ignored) In Eq. (2): GQ =0 When x = 8, y =0 In Eq. (2): F Zor " = - ze ~ 29 + C(8); C = -170/3 At midspan (x = 3): eS 4! 170 Ely = —(4)- 22 4a. ay =. -m? 20) Fer 34 > A) = 7136 ke Sati = —— = 17mm 100 x 103 (80 x 10°)of age Theory Set 8 - Deflection of Beams, Frames, 243 Prractures & Trusses; Impact Loads ‘Another way to solve for midspan deflection of unsymmetrically loaded beam is to make @ copy of given loads agd arrange it in the manner as shown: method 28 = tyo = a (Areapo) Xq 25 = zl ¥(4)(80)(8/3) - ¥e(2)(8)(10/3) ~ (1/3)(4)(32)2) 1 8 = 136 kN-m? /EI 100 x10°(80 x 10°) 5=17mm