140 Chapter 9 Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following information. A hiker is going to hike a mountain where there are four trails to the top of the mountain, i In how many different ways can he hike up and down the mountain? Ifthe hiker does not want to take the same trail both ways, in how many different ways can he hike up and down the mountain? In how many ways can the letters of the word SUNDAY be arranged using only 3 of the letters at atime? ons and Combinations v Questions 4 and § refer to the following information. Sixteen players participated in a tennis tournament, Three players will be awarded for frst, second, and third prize 4 In how many different ways can the frst, second, and third prizes be awarded? How many different groups of 3 people can get prizes? How many different four-letter patterns can be formed from the word MATH if the letters cannot be used more than once?142 Chapter 9 Exercise - Rules of Probability v Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following information. A bag contains 15 balls, numbered 1 through 15. i ‘What is the probability of selecting a number that is odd or a multiple of 5? A ball is selected at random then replaced in the bag. A second selection is then made. What is the probability thatthe first number is a prime number and the second number is a multiple of 3? S={-5,-2,-1 4} ={-2,3.7} Product p=s-t is formed from the two sets above, in which s isa mumber from set $ and 1 is a number from set 7. What is the probability that the product s-# will be a positive number? v Questions 4 and 5 refer to the following information, Janis is making a flight reservation for her business trip. The travel agent informs that the probability that her flight to Phoenix will arrive on schedule is 90% and the probability that her flight from Phoenix to Allanta will arrive on schedule is 80%, 4 What is the probability that both flights arrive on schedule? & What is the probability that her flight to Phoenix is on schedule but her flight from Phoenix to Atlanta is not? In a box of 12 headlamps 3 are defective. If ‘you choose two headlamps without replacement, ‘what is the probability that both headlamps are defective?144 Chapter 9 Exercise - Categorical Data and Conditional Probabili ‘Questions 1-5 refer to the following information, ‘The table below shows the number of college faculty education, and social sciences, v members in three departments: biological sciences, Biological | Education | S081 | Total Male 0 26 1» 5 Female 15 21 0 3 Total 25 a7 x6 _‘|_t08 o ‘What is the probability that a randomly cho: faculty member is a female given that she is from Biological Sciences? ‘What is the probability that a randomly choses faculty member is a male or from Social Sciences? ‘What is the probability that a randomly chosen faculty member is a female from Education department or a male from Social Sciences? 4 What is the probability that a randomly chosen faculty member is from Biological Sciences given that the faculty member is a male? jence and Education faculties For Biological S combined, + of the female and + ofthe male 6 4 faculty members are associate professors. If 4 person is randomly chosen from these two departments, what is the probability that a faculty member is an associate professor?Probability 145 Chapter 9 Practice Test v Questions 1-4 refer to the following, fone student is randomly selected from the information. ‘group what is the probability that the ‘male Eeonomies major? Economies] History | _Masie Mate [_24 20 9 » 2 Female 18 22 17 120 » 2 The table above shows the distribution of a group ) 0 of 120 college students by gender and major. 24 o #4 > 42 oO 4 If one student is randomly selected from the group, DS what is the probability thatthe student is a History 36 » 3% ) 120 » 4 120 Ifa Music major is selected at random, which of 2 the following is closest to the probability that the o® student is a female? 120 » & A) 0298 B) ois ©) 0.386 D) 0.472 Ifa male student is selected at random, which of the following is elosest to the probability that he is a Music major? A) 0270 B) 0302 ©) 0317 D) 0.381146 Chapter 9 v Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following information. v Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following information, Under 30 [30 or older] Total Male 3 2 Female 20 Total 8 24 2 The incomplete table above shows the distribution ‘of age and gender for 32 people who entered a tennis tournament. & Ifa tennis player is chosen at random, what is the probability that the player will be either a male under age 30 or a female aged 30 or olde 15 AS 32 1s, 32 B) ° D) ©) Ifa person is selected at random from the 30 or colder player group, what is the probability that the person is @ female? as a> oF b> Number of Visits to Movie Theaters by Students None | 1102 | 3ormore Juniors] 2x L 2 Seniors] 1 The table above summarizes the number of visits to movie theaters by 168 juniors and 152 seniors during summer vacation, Ifa student is selected at random from those who visited movie theaters at least once, what is the probability that the student isa junior? 16 as 9 18 B ) 39 20 oF 2 D) 39 Ifa student is selected at random, which of the following is closest to the probability that the student isa senior and visited movie theaters Tor 2 times? A) 0.156 B) 0.205 ©) 0297 D) 0324‘Answers and Explanations 147 Answer Key Seaton. Lis 212 3.129 4.3360 5.560 63 section 92 120220 33 gon sos ss SD ot 2 section 93 n3220 38 42 sk 5 °F Map At Sa Chapter 9 Practice Test LC 2B 3A 4D 5B 6D 76 &C Answers and Explanations Section 9-1 L. 16 ‘There are 4 different ways of going up and 4 different ways of going down, so there are 4x4, of 16 different ways he ean hike up and down. 212 Ir the hiker does not want to take the same trail both, ways, then there are 4 different ways of going up and 3 different ways of going down, so there are 4x3, or 12 different ways he can bike up and down, 3. 120 Use ,P,, since order is considered _ 61 6! 6-5-4. 3-2 GaN ae Therefore, there are 120 ways the 6 letes in SUNDAY can be arranged when the letters are taken 3 at atime, oP =120 4, 3360 WEE] ‘The first choice can be any one of the 16 players, the second choice can be any one of the 15 remaining players, and the third choice can be any one of the 14 remaining players. Therefore, there are 16%15%14, or 3,360 different ways the first, second, and third prizes are awarded. 5. 560 In this case, order does not matter. We must find the combination of 16 people taken 3 ata time 16! UGE 16-15-14-131_ 3416-31 SKIS 21 560 EIEIL ‘The first choice can be any one of the 4 letters, the second choice can be any one of the 3 remaining letters, the third choice can be any one of the 2 remaining letters and the fourth choice is. the 1 remaining letter. Therefore, there are 43x21, or 24 different ways the 4 letters in MATH can be arranged, Section 9-2 There are 8 odd numbers: 1, 3,5, 7,9, 11, 13, and 15. There ate 3 multiples of 5: 5, 10, and 15. ‘Therefore, there are 9 numbers which are either odd or a multiple of 5 93 P(odd or a multiple of 5) = > = “ ple of S)= = 22 5 ‘There ae 6 prime numbers: 2,3, 5, 7,11, and 13 Therefore P(prime) = “There ae S multiples ofthe: 3, 6,9, 12, and 15 5 Therefore, P(multples of 3)= 5 » Pl ip| ) i ‘The probability thatthe frst number is a prime umber and the second number isa multiple of 3 652 5 3