Architectural, Engineering And

Planning Appreciation

Course Code: CE 1212

Lecture No: 04

Presented by-
Nadira Islam Nila
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering
Northern University of Business & Technology Khulna
Green Building
Green building is the ides of designing or retrofits a building so that it is environmentally
friendly and has least impact on environment, produce less waste, energy efficient, water
efficient, resources efficient and healthier inside for all occupants.

Objectives of Green building:

 Protecting occupant health
 Improving employee productivity
 Using energy, water and other resources more efficiently
 Reducing overall impact to the environment
 Optimal environmental and economic performance
 Satisfying and quality indoor spaces
Characteristics of Green building:
1. Location and transport

Do not build in environmentally sensitive locations and provide public transport to reduce
private car.

2. Sustainable sites

Protect and maintain the natural habitat, reduce pollution and the use of natural resources
and facilitate interaction with nature.

3. Efficient use of water

Minimize the use of water during construction and provide mechanisms to reduce the
building’s water footprint.
4. Energy and atmosphere

Reduce energy consumption, use renewable energy and increase energy efficiency to
reduce pollution.

5. Materials and resources

Incorporate recycling systems, use sustainable materials and save as many resources as
possible during construction.

6. Indoor environment quality

Address the quality of the space for its occupants, such as air cleanliness, thermal control
and noise pollution.
7. Design innovation

Implement innovative sustainability strategies during its construction.

8. Regional priority

Achieve improvements for the place where it is located in terms of the environment, social
equity and public health.

Principles of Green building

 Livable communities
 Energy efficiency
 Resource conservation
 Water conservation
 Indoor air quality
Net-Zero Energy Building:
A zero-energy building (ZE) / zero net-energy building (ZNE) / net-zero energy building
(NZEB) is a building that generates equal or more energy than they consume annually.

Annual energy generation ≥ Annual energy consumption

Green Building Rating System

Green building rating systems are typically third party, voluntary and market driven
standards that measure buildings sustainability level by multi-criteria assessment and
encourage the adoption of environmentally, socially and economically sustainable practice
in design, construction and operation of buildings.
Different Green Building Rating Systems

LEED – Leadership in Energy WELL Fitwel

and Environmental Design

BREEAM- Building Research Green Star

Green Globes Establishment Environmental
Assessment Method
CASBEE - Comprehensive Assessment
System for Build Energy Environment GORD - Gulf Organization for Research
Efficiency and Development

BCA (Building and Construction Authority) Green

Mark Scheme
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
 Voluntary standard developed by USGBC (US Green Building Council)

 First launched in 1998 with a pilot version (LEED 1.0)

 The latest version is V4.1 that has been released in 2019

 Building adaptations: New construction, existing buildings, homes and communities,

core and shell, schools, retails.
LEED Rating System:
1. BD+C: (Building Design and Construction)

For new construction and major renovations. Includes-

 New construction
 Core & shell
 Schools, Retail, Hospitality, Data centers, Warehouses & Distribution Centers and
Healthcare.

2. ID+C: (Interior Design and Construction)

For complete interior fit-out projects. Includes-

 Commercial interiors
 Applications for retail and hospitality
3. O+M: (Building Operations and Maintenance)

For existing buildings that are undergoing improvement work or little to no construction.
Includes-

 Existing Buildings
 Applications for schools, retail, hospitality, data centers and warehouses &
distribution centers.

4. ND: (Neighborhood Development)

For new land development projects or redevelopment projects containing residential uses,
non residential uses or a mix.

Projects can be at any stage of the development process from conceptual planning to
construction, includes- plan and built project.
5. LEED Homes

 For single family homes, low-rise multi-family (one to three stories) or mid-rise
multi family (four to six stories) includes- homes, multifamily low-rise, multifamily
mid rise.

 Homes and residential buildings that are greater than six stories use LEED BD+C.

6. Cities and Communities:

 For entire cities and sub-sections of a city.

 LEED for cities projects can measure and manage their city’s water consumption,
energy use, waste, transportation and human experience.
7. LEED Recertification:

 LEED recertification is an important step in protecting your building asset.

 Recertification helps you maintain and improve you building, while keeping your
sustainability investment in place.

8. LEED Zero:

 Available for all LEED projects certified under the BD+C or O+M rating systems
or registered to pursue LEED O+M certification.

 LEED zero is for projects with zero goals in carbon and/or resources.
LEED Scoring Structure:
To qualify for USGBC certification all projects must complied with the followings:

 Must meet minimum projects requirements (MPR)

 Must complied with all prerequisites (Mandatory requirements)
 Must earn minimum 40 credit points

Minimum Projects Requirement (MPR):

There are 3 mandatory conditions that make a project eligible to pursue LEED
certification are as follow:

 Permanent location on existing land

 Reasonable site boundary
 Project size requirements (e.g, 1000 sft for BD+C)
Certification Levels:

40-49 points earned 50-59 points earned

80+ points earned

60-79 points earned
Measure Categories:
 Location and transportation
 Sustainable sites
 Water efficiency
 Energy and atmosphere
 Indoor environmental quality
 Innovation
 Regional priority
 Integrative process
 Location and Transportation

Location and Transportation category within the LEED rating systems is broken into
three factors:
 Location
 Transportation
 Neighborhood pattern and design

1. Location:

Factors of location: According to the Green Building and LEED concepts guide, there
are three factors of location which are given below:

a) Natural Context: Think of everything given by mother nature- climate, soils,

sun, wind, vegetation and rain.
 b) Infrastructure Context: This includes utilities and roadway access.

c) Social Context: Think about the historic value of the site, local regulations
including zoning and connections to the community.

2. Transportation:

Factors that impact on transportation:

a) Land use: Length and frequency of trips.

b) Vehicle technology: Quantity and types of energy and support systems needed to
move people and goods to and from the site.

c) Fuel: Environmental impact of vehicle operation.

d) Human behavior: A daily transportation decision combining the listed impacts.

BD+C : New Construction and Major Renovation

Category: Location and Transportation Total Credit: 16

Sub categories Credit

Sensitive Land Protection 1

To cultivate community resilience, avoid the development of environmentally sensitive

lands that provide critical ecosystem services and reduce the environmental impact from
the location of a building on a site.
 Sub categories Credit
High Priority Site 2

This credit is intended to build the economic and social vitality of communities,
encourage project location in areas with development constraints and promote the
ecological, cultural, and community health of the surrounding area while understanding
the needs and goals of existing residents and businesses

Figure: Brown Field

 Sub categories Credit
Surrounding Density and 5
Diverse Uses

To conserve land and protect farmland and wildlife habitat by encouraging development
in areas with existing infrastructure. To support neighborhood and local economies,
promote walkability, and low or no carbon transportation, and reduce vehicle distance
traveled for all. To improve public health by encouraging daily physical activity.

Sub categories Credit

Access to Quality Transit 5

To encourage development in locations shown to have multimodal transportation

choices or otherwise reduced motor vehicle use, thereby reducing greenhouse gas
emissions, air pollution, and other environmental and public health harms associated
with motor vehicle use.
 Sub categories Credit
Bicycle Facilities 1

To promote bicycling and transportation efficiency and reduce vehicle distance traveled.
To improve public health by encouraging utilitarian and recreational physical activity.

Sub categories Credit

Reduced Parking Footprint 1

To minimize the environmental harms associated with parking facilities, including

automobile dependence, land consumption, and rainwater runoff.
 Sub categories Credit
Green Vehicles 1

To reduce pollution by promoting alternatives to conventionally fueled automobiles.

Sustainable Sites

Sustainable sites category within the LEED rating systems is broken into three factors:

 Site design and management

 Rainwater management
 Heat island effect
BD+C : New Construction and Major Renovation

Category: Sustainable Sites Total Credit: 10

Sub categories Credit

Construction activity pollution Pre requisite (Required)
prevention

To reduce pollution from construction activities by controlling soil erosion, waterway

sedimentation, and airborne dust.
 Sub categories Credit
Site Assessment 1

To assess site conditions, environmental justice concerns, and cultural and social factors,
before design to evaluate sustainable options and inform related decisions about site
design.

Sub categories Credit

Site Development - Protect or 2
Restore Habitat

To conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat and
promote biodiversity.
 Sub categories Credit
Open Space 1

To create exterior open space that encourages interaction with the environment, social
interaction, passive recreation, and physical activities.

Sub categories Credit

Rainwater Management 3

To reduce runoff volume and improve water quality by replicating the natural hydrology
and water balance of the site, based on historical conditions and undeveloped ecosystems
in the region to avoid contributing to flooding downstream in frontline communities.
 Sub categories Credit
Heat Island Reduction 2

To minimize inequitable effects on microclimates and human, especially frontline

communities, and wildlife habitats by reducing heat islands.
 Sub categories Credit
Light Pollution Reduction 1

To reduce the environmental and economic harms of excessive energy use by achieving
a minimum level of energy efficiency for the building and its systems.

BD+C : New Construction and Major Renovation

Category: Water Efficiency Total Credit: 11

Sub categories Credit

Outdoor Water Use Reduction Pre requisite (Required)

To reduce outdoor potable water consumption and preserve no and low-cost potable
water resources.
 Sub categories Credit
Indoor Water Use Reduction Pre requisite (Required)

To reduce indoor potable water consumption and preserve no and low cost potable water
resources.

Every single person uses around 80-100 gallons of water each day.

Typical water use at home- Uses Amount of water

Bath 36 gallons
1 gallon = 3.78541 L Old shower 5 gallons
Toilet flush 3-4 gallons
1 ounce = 29.5735296 ml Clothes washing 40 gallons per load
Dish washing 8-27 gallons
Drinking 8 oz (ounce) per small glass
Strategies of indoor water efficiency in a green building:

 Rainwater Harvesting

 Grey Water Recycling

 Pressure Reduction

 Cooling Towers

 Low-flow Plumbing Fixtures

 Leak Repair
 Sub categories Credit
Building-Level Water Metering Pre requisite (Required)

To conserve low cost potable water resources and support water management and identify
opportunities for additional water savings by tracking water consumption.

Sub categories Credit

Outdoor Water Use Reduction 2
Indoor Water Use Reduction 6
Cooling Tower Water Use 2
Water Metering 1