LECTURE 1

Addis Ababa Science and Technology University

College of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Instructor: Bikila Merga (MLARCH)

Objective
After studying this COURSE, you will:

• Understand the fundamentals and importance of

architecture in civil engineering.

• Understand the space and function, construction and

structure related to architecture, aesthetics, climate,
site conditions and read architectural drawings.

• Advance graphics presentation skill and prepare

finished drawing outputs.
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 1.Introduction to Architecture
1.1What is Architecture?
People need places for their activity; meet their need

Most of these activities take place in buildings

A discipline concerned with design of bldg is Architecture

Architecture

• the Art and Science of designing buildings and habitable

structures

• What is Art, Science and Design?

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What is Art?

A creative human activity in which materials are shaped

to convey an idea, emotion, or visually interesting form

The use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic

objects or experiences that can be shared with others

Divided into two

• Fine Art: Painting, Sculptor, Music & Poetry

• Decorative Art: pottery, weaving, metalworking, and furniture making.

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 What is Science?

• The systematic observation of natural events and

conditions
• to discover facts about them and
• to formulate laws and principles based on these facts

• Divided into two

• Natural Science: physics, biology, chemistry
• Social Science: like sociology, economics, geography

• No creativity but based on research and discovery

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 What is Design?

• A rational, logical, sequential process intended to solve

problems

• Involves making a detailed plan of the form or structure

of something
• Emphasizing features such as its appearance, convenience,
durability and economy.

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 Then What is Architecture?
• Architecture is a discipline which
• uses art and science knowledge and skill
• to create, improve and restore static habitable structures specially
buildings.

• Then which one is Architecture?

• A roller coaster
• A circus tent
• “Delachen” monument
• A boat
• Dembel city center
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 Architecture (cont’d)

• According to Marcus Vitruvius (70?-25 BC), Italian architect-engineer)

Architecture is
• Commodity (function): serving a purpose

• Delight (aesthetics): visually pleasing & stimulate a sense organ

• Firmness ( strength): erectable and durable

• Art: aesthetics & serve a purpose

• Science: principles based on facts

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1.2. Architecture and Other Related Disciplines
• Task of designer is to change;
Problems/challenges/opportunity into solution.
• Client Needs >>> Concepts>>> Building Image
• Three parties involve in realization of Client Needs

Client Design Construction

Team Team
• Idea
• Architect
• Needs
•Urban Planner and Designer
• Money
• Surveyor & Geologist
• Civil/structural Engineer
• Electrical Engineer
• Mechanical Engineer
• Sanitary Engineer 10
Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (cont’d)
Design isn't a single professional task

The team build the pleasing structure / Building

Architect: coordination
Urban Planner & Designer (team leader)

Civil Engineering

Electrical & Mechanical Engineering

Sanitary Engineering

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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (cont’d)

Urban Planning
The organization of all elements of a town or urban environment.

• Deal with land use and the physical arrangement of city`s

structures taking into consideration economical, social, physical
environmental, administrative, historical…. aspects

• Urban Planning document related to Architecture contains

• zoning ordinances like residential, commercial zone
• subdivision regulations like plot size
• building and housing codes like height limitation and contextual setting
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (cont’d)
Urban Planning

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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (cont’d)
Urban Design

• Before 1960s: Arch’re & Urban Planning were the same

• After 1960s, split into

• Urban Planning: focus on land use pattern & organization of services
,infrastructure and spatial structure of settlement.

• Architecture : focus on design of building

• Gap is created: who is responsible for public spaces

• Urban design is the art & science of design of public spaces
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (cont’d)
Urban Engineering

• the application of science ( specially physics, maths and

chemistry) in the design of urban infrastructure like

• Urban Houses and related buildings

• Urban Roads & Bridge

• Urban Water Supply,

• Urban Drainage & Sewerage System

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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (cont’d)
Civil Engineering

• Practical application of science and math in the design of

structures like road, bridge, dam etc

• Building components
• Architectural: non supporting (skin) & space defining: walls, windows

• Structural : supporting like foundation, beam, column, slab

• Civil (Structural) Engineer

• design structural parts of a building
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (cont’d)
Electrical Engineering

• design and manufacture of systems and devices that use

electric power and signals

• Building components includes electrical system

• switches, sockets, light points, water pump

• Electrical Engineer
• design the electrical system of a building
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (cont’d)
Mechanical Engineering

• design and manufacture all types of machineries

• building also include mechanical systems like
• elevators, escalators, heating, cooling, ventilating systems

• Mechanical Engineer
• designs the mechanical systems of a building

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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (cont’d)
Sanitary Engineering

• design of water supply , drainage and sewerage system

in a building
• we need water and swear will be produced

• Sanitary Engineer
• designs the water supply, sewerage and drainage system of a
building and its compound

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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (cont’d)
Other Disciplines

• in a design of advanced buildings like museums, cinemas,

meeting halls, hotels other disciplines may involve

• Light Engineer

• Acoustics Engineer

• Interior Architect

• Landscape Architect etc

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Examples of
Residential Bldg

Residential

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Examples

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Examples

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Examples

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Examples

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Examples

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Examples

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Examples
Examples

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Examples

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Examples

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Ground Floor Plan
Examples

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Other Examples

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 Discussions

WHAT ARE THE DETERMINAT FACTORS

FOR VARIETY OF BUILDING DESIGN?

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DETERMINAT FACTORS……???
Topography Land use
Climate Characteristics of
Demographic man made environment
Geology Circulation
History Technology
Social characteristics Legal framework and
and conditions admistrative conditions

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Factors

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THANK YOU!