B2 210170116043

Experiment No: 3

AIM: Study of basic network command and Network configuration commands

Date:

Competency and Practical Skills: Exploration of network commands to

troubleshoot networking errors.

Relevant CO: CO1: Familiarize with the basic taxonomy - terminologies used in networking
and the layered architecture of computer networks

Objectives: (a) To understand the usage of various network commands

(b) Perform commands with various options on given OS.
(c) Prepare the report with screenshots/Output and analyze the usage of each
command.

Equipment/Instruments: Desktop/laptop

Theory:

1. Ipconfig :
 Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings.
Used without parameters, ipconfig displays Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and
IPv6 addresses, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters.

 /all - Displays the full TCP/IP configuration for all adapters. Adapters can represent
physical interfaces, such as installed network adapters, or logical interfaces, such as
dial-up connections.

 /displaydns - Displays the contents of the DNS client resolver cache, which includes
both entries preloaded from the local Hosts file and any recently obtained resource
records for name queries resolved by the computer. The DNS Client service uses this
information to resolve frequently queried names quickly, before querying its
configured DNS servers.

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2. Ping :
 Verifies IP-level connectivity to another TCP/IP computer by sending Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo Request messages. The receipt of
corresponding echo Reply messages are displayed, along with round-trip times. ping
is the primary TCP/IP command used to troubleshoot connectivity, reachability, and
name resolution. Used without parameters, this command displays Help content.

 You can also use this command to test both the computer name and the IP address of
the computer. If pinging the IP address is successful, but pinging the computer name
isn't, you might have a name resolution problem. In this case, make sure the computer
name you are specifying can be resolved through the local Hosts file, by using
Domain Name System (DNS) queries, or through NetBIOS name resolution
techniques.

3. Tracert :
 This diagnostic tool determines the path taken to a destination by sending Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo Request or ICMPv6 messages to the
destination with incrementally increasing time to live (TTL) field values. Each router
along the path is required to decrement the TTL in an IP packet by at least 1 before
forwarding it. Effectively, the TTL is a maximum link counter. When the TTL on a
packet reaches 0, the router is expected to return an ICMP time Exceeded message to
the source computer.

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 This command determines the path by sending the first echo Request message with a
TTL of 1 and incrementing the TTL by 1 on each subsequent transmission until the
target responds or the maximum number of hops is reached. The maximum number of
hops is 30 by default and can be specified using the /h parameter.

 The path is determined by examining the ICMP time Exceeded messages returned by
intermediate routers and the echo Reply message returned by the destination.
However, some routers do not return time Exceeded messages for packets with
expired TTL values and are invisible to the tracert command. In this case, a row of
asterisks (*) is displayed for that hop. The path displayed is the list of near/side router
interfaces of the routers in the path between a source host and a destination. The
near/side interface is the interface of the router that is closest to the sending host in the
path.

4. Nslookup :
 Displays information that you can use to diagnose Domain Name System (DNS)
infrastructure. Before using this tool, you should be familiar with how DNS works.
The nslookup command-line tool is available only if you have installed the TCP/IP
protocol.The nslookup command-line tool has two modes: interactive and
noninteractive.
 If you need to look up only a single piece of data, we recommend using the non-
interactive mode. For the first parameter, type the name or IP address of the computer
that you want to look up. For the second parameter, type the name or IP address of a
DNS name server. If you omit the second argument, nslookup uses the default DNS
name server.

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5. Netstat :
 This command is available only if the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol is installed
as a component in the properties of a network adapter in Network Connections.

 Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening, Ethernet
statistics, the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP
protocols), and IPv6 statistics (for the IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP over IPv6, and UDP over
IPv6 protocols). Used without parameters, this command displays active TCP
connections.

6. Hostname :
 Displays the host name portion of the full computer name of the computer.

7. Getmac :
 Returns the media access control (MAC) address and list of network protocols
associated with each address for all network cards in each computer, either locally or
across a network. This command is particularly useful either when you want to enter
the MAC address into a network analyzer, or when you need to know what protocols
are currently in use on each network adapter on a computer.

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8. Systeminfo :
 Displays detailed configuration information about a computer and its operating
system, including operating system configuration, security information, product ID,
and hardware properties (such as RAM, disk space, and network cards).

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9. Arp :
 Displays and modifies entries in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache. The
ARP cache contains one or more tables that are used to store IP addresses and their
resolved Ethernet or Token Ring physical addresses. There is a separate table for each
Ethernet or Token Ring network adapter installed on your computer. Used without
parameters, arp displays help information.

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10. Route :
 Displays and modifies the entries in the local IP routing table. If used without
parameters, route displays help at the command prompt.

Observations:

Quiz: (Sufficient space to be provided for the answers)

1.Give the sequence of troubleshoots commands you will perform with proper
justification if your network is not working.

 Issues and problems can arise at numerous points along the network. Before you start
trying to troubleshoot any issue, you want to have a clear understanding of what the
problem is, how it has arisen, who it’s affecting, and how long it has been going on.

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By gathering the right information and clarifying the problem, you’ll have a much
better chance of resolving the issue quickly, without wasting time trying unnecessary
fixes. You can always start by working through these simple network troubleshooting
steps to diagnose the issue. • Use ipconfig. o Open the command prompt and type
“ipconfig” (without the quotes) into the terminal. The Default Gateway (listed last) is
your router’s IP. Your computer’s IP address is the number next to “IP Address.” If
your computer’s IP address starts with 169, the computer is not receiving a valid IP
address. If it starts with anything other than 169, your computer is being allocated a
valid IP address from your router. o Try typing in “ipconfig /release” followed by
“ipconfig /renew” to get rid of your current IP address and request a new one. This
will in some cases solve the problem. If you still can’t get a valid IP from your router,
try plugging your computer straight into the modem using an ethernet cable. If it
works, the problem lies with the router. • Use Issues ping and tracert. o If your router
is working fine, and you have an IP address starting with something other than 169,
the problem’s most likely located between your router and the internet. At this point,
it’s time to use the ping tool. Try sending a ping to a well-known, large server, such as
Google, to see if it can connect with your router. You can ping Google DNS servers
by opening the command prompt and typing “ping 8.8.8.8”; you can also add “-t” to
the end (ping 8.8.8.8 -t) to get it to keep pinging the servers while you troubleshoot. If
the pings fail to send, the command prompt will return basic information about the
issue. o You can use the tracert command to do the same thing, by typing “tracert
8.8.8.8”; this will show you each step, or “hop,” between your router and the Google
DNS servers. You can see where along the pathway the error is arising. If the error
comes up early along the pathway, the issue is more likely somewhere in your local
network. • Perform a DNS check. o Use the command “nslookup” to determine
whether there’s a problem with the server you’re trying to connect to. If you perform
a DNS check on, for example, google.com and receive results such as “Timed Out,”
“Server Failure,” “Refused,” “No Response from Server,” or “Network Is
Unreachable,” it may indicate the problem originates in the DNS server for your
destination. (You can also use nslookup to check your own DNS server.)

Reference : https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/nfvis/switch_command/b-
nfvis-switch-command-reference.html

References used by the students: (Sufficient space to be provided)

Rubric wise marks obtained:

Documentatio Ethical and

Practical Problem Task
n and Professional
Understanding Solving Execution
Rubric Reporting Conduct
Total
s Goo
Good Avg. Avg. Good Avg. Good Avg. Good Avg.
d
(2) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)
(2)

Marks