Sheet 5 (Transient Heat Conduction)

14-A brick of 203 * 102 * 57 mm in dimension is being burned in a kiln to 1100°C, and then
allowed to cool in a room with ambient air temperature of 30°C and convection heat transfer
coefficient of 5 W/m2·K. If the brick has properties of ρ=1920 kg/m3, cp =790 J/kg·K, and k =
0.90 W/m·K, determine the time required to cool the brick to a temperature difference of 5°C from
the ambient air temperature.

15-Consider a 1000-W iron whose base plate is made of 0.5-cm-thick aluminum alloy 2024–T6
(ρ=2770 kg/m3, cp = 875 J/kg·K, α=7.3 *10-5 m2/s). The base plate has a surface area of 0.03 m2.
Initially, the iron is in thermal equilibrium with the ambient air at 22°C. Taking the heat transfer
coefficient at the surface of the base plate to be 12 W/m2·K and assuming 85 percent of the heat
generated in the resistance wires is transferred to the plate, determine how long it will take for the
plate temperature to reach 140°C. Is it realistic to assume the plate temperature to be uniform at
all times?

18-A 5-mm-thick stainless steel strip (k = 21 W/m·K, ρ= 8000 kg/m3, and cp = 570 J/kg·K) is
being heat treated as it moves through a furnace at a speed of 1 cm/s. The air temperature in the
furnace is maintained at 900°C with a convection heat transfer coefficient of 80 W/m2·K. If the
furnace length is 3 m and the stainless steel strip enters it at 20°C, determine the temperature of
the strip as it exits the furnace.

22-A long copper rod of diameter 2.0 cm is initially at a uniform temperature of 100°C. It is now
exposed to an air stream at 20°C with a heat transfer coefficient of 200 W/m2·K. How long would
it take for the copper road to cool to an average temperature of 25°C?

27-The temperature of a gas stream is to be measured by a thermocouple whose junction can be

approximated as a 1.2-mm-diameter sphere. The properties of the junction are k 5 35 W/m·K, ρ=
8500 kg/m3, and cp = 320 J/kg·K, and the heat transfer coefficient between the junction and the
gas is h = 90 W/m2·K. Determine how long it will take for the thermocouple to read 99 percent of
the initial temperature difference.

29-A thermocouple, with a spherical junction diameter of 0.5 mm, is used for measuring the
temperature of hot air flow in a circular duct. The convection heat transfer coefficient of the air
flow can be related with the diameter (D) of the duct and the average air flow velocity (V) as h =
2.2(V/D)0.5, where D, h, and V are in m, W/m2·K and m/s, respectively. The properties of the
thermocouple junction are k =35 W/m·K, ρ= 8500 kg/m3, and cp = 320 J/kg·K. Determine the
minimum air flow velocity that the thermocouple can be used, if the maximum response time of
the thermocouple to register 99 percent of the initial temperature difference is 5 s.

34-Carbon steel balls (ρ= 7833 kg/m3, k = 54 W/m·K, cp = 0.465 kJ/kg·°C, and α= 1.474 * 10-5
m2/s) 8 mm in diameter are annealed by heating them first to 900°C in a furnace and then allowing
them to cool slowly to 100°C in ambient air at 35°C. If the average heat transfer coefficient is 75
W/m2·K, determine how long the annealing process will take. If 2500 balls are to be annealed per
hour, determine the total rate of heat transfer from the balls to the ambient air.
47-A hot brass plate is having its upper surface cooled by impinging jet of air at temperature of
15°C and convection heat transfer coefficient of 220 W/m2·K. The 10-cm thick brass plate
(ρ=8530 kg/m3, cp = 380 J/kg·K, k =110 W/m·K, and α= 33.9 *10–6 m2/s) has a uniform initial
temperature of 650°C, and the bottom surface of the plate is insulated. Determine the temperature
at the center plane of the brass plate after 3 minutes of cooling. Solve this problem using analytical
one term approximation method (not the Heisler charts).

54-A heated 6-mm-thick Pyroceram plate (ρ=2600 kg/m3, cp = 808 J/kg·K, k =3.98 W/m·K, and
α 1.89 * 10–6 m2/s) is being cooled in a room with air temperature of 25°C and convection heat
transfer coefficient of 13.3 W/m2·K. The heated Pyroceram plate had an initial temperature of
500°C, and is allowed to cool for 286 seconds. If the mass of the Pyroceram plate is 10 kg,
determine the heat transfer from the Pyroceram plate during the cooling process using (a) Table
4–2 and (b) Figure 4–17.

58-A long iron rod (ρ= 7870 kg/m3, cp = 447 J/kg·K, k = 80.2 W/m·K, and α= 23.1 3 10–6 m2/s)
with diameter of 25 mm is initially heated to a uniform temperature of 700°C. The iron rod is then
quenched in a large water bath that is maintained at constant temperature of 50°C and convection
heat transfer coefficient of 128 W/m2·K. Determine the time required for the iron rod surface
temperature to cool to 200°C. Solve this problem using analytical one-term approximation method
(not the Heisler charts).

68-An ordinary egg can be approximated as a 5.5 cm diameter sphere whose properties are roughly
k = 0.6 W/m·K and α= 0.14*10–6 m2/s. The egg is initially at a uniform temperature of 8°C and is
dropped into boiling water at 97°C. Taking the convection heat transfer coefficient to be h =1400
W/m2·K, determine how long it will take for the center of the egg to reach 70°C. Solve this
problem using analytical one-term approximation method (not the Heisler charts).

86-Consider a curing kiln whose walls are made of 30-cm thick concrete with a thermal diffusivity
of α 0.23 * 10–6 m2/s. Initially, the kiln and its walls are in equilibrium with the surroundings at
6°C. Then all the doors are closed and the kiln is heated by steam so that the temperature of the
inner surface of the walls is raised to 42°C and the temperature is maintained at that level for 2.5
h. The curing kiln is then opened and exposed to the atmospheric air after the steam flow is turned
off. If the outer surfaces of the walls of the kiln were insulated, would it save any energy that day
during the period the kiln was used for curing for 2.5 h only, or would it make no difference? Base
your answer on calculations.

94-Thick slabs of stainless steel (k = 14.9 W/m·K and α= 3.95 * 10–6 m2/s) and copper (k = 401
W/m·K and α= 117 * 10–6 m2/s) are subjected to uniform heat flux of 8 kW/m2 at the surface.
The two slabs have a uniform initial temperature of 20°C. Determine the temperatures of both
slabs, at 1 cm from the surface, after 60 s of exposure to the heat flux.
113-A short brass cylinder (ρ = 8530 kg/m3, cp = 0.389 kJ/kg·K, k = 110 W/m·K, and α = 3.39 *
10–6 m2/s) of diameter 8 cm and height 15 cm is initially at a uniform temperature of 150°C. The
cylinder is now placed in atmospheric air at 20°C, where heat transfer takes place by convection
with a heat transfer coefficient of 40 W/m2·K. Calculate (a) the center temperature of the cylinder;
(b) the center temperature of the top surface of the cylinder; and (c) the total heat transfer from the
cylinder 15 min after the start of the cooling.

115-A semi-infinite aluminum cylinder (k = 237 W/m·K,α = 9.71 * 10–6 m2/s) of diameter D =
15 cm is initially at a uniform temperature of Ti = 115°C. The cylinder is now placed in water at
10°C, where heat transfer takes place by convection with a heat transfer coefficient of h = 140
W/m2·K. Determine the temperature at the center of the cylinder 5 cm from the end surface 8 min
after the start of cooling.