Roca Cie Unit 3: Graphs Travel graphs This section covers distance-time graphs and speed-time graphs. Distance-time graphs Example 1 Avveteran car kes part in the annual London to Brighton motor rally, and then returns to London. Here is its distance-time graph. Brighton $0 tama a 0 cramey 50 Gl x0 0. ‘a. What is the speed of the car from London to Crawley? from London to Craveley is “SE = 25 km/h. The sp b Thecar breaks down at Crawley. For how long does the ear break down? The cari at Crawley for 1 hour. © What isthe speed of the car from Crawley to Brighton? a0km The speed from Crawley to Brighton is 24 = 20 km/h _Thecaris towel on a trailer back to London from Brighton. At what speed isthe car towed? 90 kn 2h The speed from Brighton to London is 45 km/h, Exercise 67 1 Isaac travels southbound on a motorway from Hamburg, while Lester travels northbound on the same road from Hannover. This distance-time 100 graph (where the distance is from Hannover) shows the journeys of both travellers. ‘a. What is Isaac’s speed in kilometres per hour? What is Lester's speed in kilometres per hour? At what time does Isaac reach Hannover ow far apart are Isaac and Lester at 10:30? At what time do Isaac and Lester pass each. 9 other? coo 110 1200) Time2 Thisdistance-time graph shows the journeys of a car ‘and a motorcycle between Manchester (Mf) and Birmingham (B). ‘a. When did the car stop, and for how long? b When did the car and the motorcycle pass each other? (© How far apart were the car and the motorcycle at 09:302 After the motoreycle’s first stop. itincreased its speed until it arrived in Birmingham. The speed limit on the road was 70 miles/hour, m6 fas the motoreyelist breaking the speed limit? 800 00 Yea0 11100 € Over the whole journey (excluding stops). what was Tne the mean speed of the car? What was the mean speed of the motorcycle (excluding stops)? 3. Aaileaves home at 09:00, and drives to Nisa’s house ata speed of 60 km/h for hour. Then she stops at a petro! station for 15 minutes. She continues on her journey at 40 km/h for 30 minutes, and then arrives at her destination. At 13:00, she starts her return journey, and drives at a constant speed of 80 kmi/h without stopping. Draw a distance-time graph to illustrate Azr's journey. bb Use this graph to estimate at what time Az returns home. 4 Fatima and Sue train for a triathlon by swimming 1 km along the coast, cycling 9 km in the same direction along the straight coast road, and then running directly back to their starting point via the same road. The times of this training session are shown in the table. Activity Fatima’s time | Sue's time (minutes) (minutes) Swimming 20 5 Rest 5 5 Cycling 10 5 | Rest 10 5 [Ranning 3 ED a Draw a distance-time graph (In kilometres and hours) to illustrate this information. siven that Fatima and Suc both start at 09:00. Let the time axis range from 09:00 t0 10:30, 'b Use your graph to estimate when Fatima and Sue finish. ¢ Use your graph to estimate when Fatima and Sue are level 4 Calculate the mean speed of both athletes over the whole session, excluding stops. Exercise 67* 1 A goats tethered to a pole at A in the corner of asquarefield 8 c ABCD. The rope Is the same length as the ide ofthe fel. ‘The goat starts at B and trots al a constant speed to corner D keeping the rope taut, Sketch graphs for this journey: fa Distance from A against time b Distance from B against time € Distance from Cagalnst time Distance from D against time a : Graphs Cares2 Ismael and Jack are two footballers who are put through an extra training session of running at identical constant speeds. For all three exercise drills, Ismael and Jack always. start simultaneously from A and C, respectively. 1} { F € D Dill 1 is that Ismael and Jack both run one clockwise circuit Drill 2. is that Ismael runs a circuit clockwise, and Jack runs a circuit anticlockwise, Drill 3. is that Ismael and Jack run directly towards D and B, respectively. ‘Sketch three graphs of the distance of Ismael from Jack against time, one for each drill. 3 Three motorcyclists A, B and Cset out on a journey along the same road. Part of their Journey is shown in the travel graph. Distance along rad Bog 8 os 0 6 Time(s) f@ Place the riders in order (firs, second and third) after @ os (i) 155 (it) 305 1b When are all the riders the same distance along the road? © Which rider travels at a constant speed? Which rider's speed is gradually (@ increasing? i) decreasing? 4 The diagram shows the distances, in kilometres, between some junctions on a motorway. ‘The junctions are numbered as {,[.. and ® isthe service area. Driver A (northbound) joins lat 08:00, arrives at © at 09:00, rests for half an hour, and then continues his journey, passing fat 12:00. a] Driver B (southbound) joins Hat 08:00, arrives at © at 10:00, rests for 1 hour, and then continues her journey, passing 6 at 12:00. a Draw a graph of the distance in kilometres from ll against the time in hours to show both journeys. 'b When does driver A pass driver B? | © What are A and B's final speeds? d Find their mean speeds, excluding stops.Speed-time graphs ‘Travel graphs of speed against time can be used to find out more about speed changes and distances travelled, Example 2 ‘train changes speed as shown in the speed-time graph. Time(s) ‘The train's speed is increasing between A and B, so itis accelerating. ‘The train's speed is decreasing between C and D, soit is decelerating (retarding). ‘The train's speed is constant at 20 m/s (and therefore the acceleration is zero) between B and C for 30 s, It has travelled 600 m (20x 30m). ‘This the area under the graph between B and C. ‘a Find the total distance travelled by the train, and thus find the mean speed forthe whole journey. ‘Total distance travelled = area under graph & x 10 x 20) + (30 x 20) + x 20 x 20) = 900 EB fe = E Sms ‘Therefore, mean speed b Find the train’s acceleration between A and B, B and C, and C and D. Key Point Acceleration between A and B = gradient of line AB Ina speed-time graph, mist acceleration = gradient of line Between B and C the speed is constant, so the acceleration is zero. pices eee Acceleration between Cand D = gradient of line CD = =20mis 7 me distance travelled (The ~ sign indicates retardation.) = area under the graph Exercise 68 1A speed-time graph for a journey of 15 sis shown. a Find the acceleration over the first 10s. b Find the retardation over the last 5 s. © Find the total distance travelled, Find the mean speed for the journey. es as Time's)2 A speed-time graph for a journey of 3 hours is shown. fa Find the acceleration over the first 2 hours. b Find the retardation over the last hour, Find the total distance travelled. Find the mean speed for the journey in kilometres per hour, 3A speed-time graph is shown for the journey of a train between two stations. ‘a Find the acceleration over the first 40's. b Find the retardation over the final 80's. € Find the total distance travelled. Find the mean speed for the journey in metres per second. Speed ins) 4 Aninsect’s journey is shown in the distance-time graph. Find athe insect’s outward journey speed in m/s 'b how long the insect remained stationary © the nsect’s return journey speed in mvs. Distance (mn) os 7 «2 Time(s) 5 Luke leaves home at 08:00, and cycles to Martha's house ata speed of 20km/h for one hour. He stays there for two hours before returning home at a speed of 30 km/h. a Draw a distance-time graph to illustrate Luke’s journey. b Use this graph to find the time Luke returns home. 6 Find the acceleration of the boat's journey shown in the speed-time graph. Exercise 68° aeet 1 Acycle-taxl accelerates from rest to 6 m/s in 10, remains at that speed for 20, and then slows steadily to rest in 12s. ‘a Draw the graph of speed, in metres per second, against time in seconds for this journey. 'b Use your graph to find the cycle-tax!’s initial acceleration. ‘© What was the final acceleration? 4d. What was the mean speed over the 42 s journey? 2 The acceleration of the first part of the journey shown isSm/s. a Find the maximum speed S metres per second. b Find the total distance travelled. ¢ Find the mean speed of the whole journey. Speed ims)3 The peed-time graph shows an initial constant retardation of 2 m/s*for t seconds, ‘a. Find the total distance travelled. bb Find the deceleration at 3¢ seconds. € Find the mean speed of the whole journey. Specs (ns) ok k « Teele) 4 Sasha and Kim race over dees Sasha accelerates from rest for 6s toa speed of Sis, which she maintains for the next 40 sbefore she tires and uniformly deceerates at 4 mist unt she stops. Kim accelerates fom rest for 4s toa speed of 8 mvs, which she maintains until 44s have lapsed before she also tires and uniformly decelerates ta stop at t/s. ‘8 Draw the speed-time graph in metres per second and seconds for both gris on the same b Use your graph tofind who wins the race. «© What was the mean speed for each runner? 4. Over what distance, nm, do the girls race? € Whoisinthelead alter ) 100m? Gi) 300m? 5. Sketch a distance-time graph for a flying duck such that its entire journey is described as: An initial constant speed, followed by a gradual reduction in speed until the duck is stationary, ater which it gradually accelerates to reach a constant sped faster than ts initial speed. 6 Airs Lam leaves home for work at 07:00 driving at constant sped of 60 km/h, After 45 minutes she increases her speed to 80 km/h fora further 45 minutes. She stays at work for 4 hours before she returns home at 70 km/h to mect Mr Lam who gets home at 2p. Draw a distanco-time graph and use ‘to fnd oat if Mrs Lams ate to meet her husband. Exercise 69 (Revision) 1 The graph shows the journeys of Cheri and Felix, who went on a eyeling trip. a How long did Cheri stop? b Atwhat time did Felix start? Find Cheri's mean speed. How far apart were they at 10:20? Dance (km) 2 A bumble-bee fies out from its hive to some flowers, and returns toits hive some {ime later. Its journey is shown on the distance-time graph, a Find the bumble-bee's outward journey speed in metres per second, 1b How long does the bee stay at the lowers? ‘© Find the bumble-bee's return journey speed In metres per second, Diane 5 01s mas Tame ites) 6 = =3 Wong sails from a resting postion in his boat to a uniform speed of 4m/sin 30s. He then remains at this speed fora further 60, before he slows down ata constant retardation until he stops 15 slater Draw a speed-time graph showing this journey, and use it to find Wong's, ‘initial acceleration b acceleration at 608 ¢ retardation mean speed for the whole journey 4 The speed-time graph illustrates the journey of acyclist. ‘a Find the distance travelled in the first 50s. b Find the total distance travelled. ‘© Find the mean speed of the cyclist. 4 Find the acceleration when t = 80s. Speed vs) 5 Iazat's journey is shown in the speed-time graph. ind lzat’s| ‘initial acceleration 'b acceleration at 30 seconds © final acceleration mean speed for the whole journey. Speed (vs) Ten) Exercise 69* (Revision) 1A squash ball is hit against a wall by Ray. He remains stationary throughout the balls flight, as shown in the distance-time graph. ‘a Find the speed with which the ball approaches the wall. 'b When does the ball pass Ray, and at what speed? 2 This speed-time graph Is for a toy racing car. ‘The initial retardation is 2 m/s, ‘a Find the total distance travelled. b Find the deceleration at 6t seconds. ¢ Find the mean speed of the whole journey. Time's)