Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College

Laboratory Manual

Advanced Computer Networks

For

MCA Second Year Students

26,June 2019 – Rev 00 – MCA – ISO 9001-2015 Tech Document

© Author JNEC,Aurangabad
 FORWARD

It is my great pleasure to present this laboratory manual for Second year

MCA students for the subject of Advanced Computer Networks keeping
in view the vast coverage required for visualization of concepts of
Computer Networks with examples.

As a student, many of you may be wondering with some of the questions

in your mind regarding the subject and exactly what has been tried is to
answer through this manual.

As you may be aware that MGM has already been awarded with ISO
9000 certification and it is our endure to technically equip our students
taking the advantage of the procedural aspects of ISO 9000 Certification.

Faculty members are also advised that covering these aspects in initial
stage itself, will greatly relived them in future as much of the load will be
taken care by the enthusiasm energies of the students once they are
conceptually clear.

Dr. H.S.Shinde
Principal
 LABORATORY MANNUAL CONTENTS

This manual is intended for the Second year students of MCA branch in
the subject of Advanced Computer Networks. This manual typically
contains practical/Lab Sessions related Computer Networking covering
various aspects related the subject to enhanced understanding.

Although, as per the syllabus, Networking programs are prescribed, we

have made the efforts to cover various aspects of Computer Networking
and communication.

Students are advised to thoroughly go through this manual rather than

only topics mentioned in the syllabus as practical aspects are the key to
understanding and conceptual visualization of theoretical aspects
covered in the books.

Good Luck for your Enjoyable Laboratory Sessions

Prof.G.R.Agarwal
MCA Department
 Institute Vision
To create self-reliant, continuous learner & competent technocrats imbued with human
values.

Institute Mission
• Imparting quality technical education to the students through participative teaching –
learning process.
• Developing competence amongst the students through academic learning and practical
experimentation.
• Inculcating social mindset and human values amongst the students.

Department Vision

Build a strong technical teaching and learning environment that responds swiftly to the
challenges and needs of the current industry trends.

Department Mission

1. Provide excellent post graduate education in a state-of-the-art environment,

preparing students for careers as computer technologist in self employment,
industry, government and of IT enabled sectors.
2. Support society by participating in and encouraging technology transfer.
SUBJECT INDEX

1) Basic Network commands like : ipconfig, hostname, ping, tracert, netstat

 2) Windows 2003 server installation and basic configuration

3) DHCP server configuration

4) DNS & HTTP, FTP server configuration

5) Basic Routing configuration

6) Configure RIP2, OSPF

7) Configure EIGRP

8) Implement Access list / NAT technology

9) Implement WiFi configuration

10) Implementation of Uni cast Routing Algorithm

DO‛s and Don‛ts in Laboratory:

1. Do not handle any equipment before reading the instructions/Instruction

manuals
2. Read carefully the power ratings of the equipment before it is switched
on whether
Ratings 230 V/50 Hz or 115V/60 Hz. For Indian equipments, the power ratings
are
Normally 230V/50Hz. If You have equipment with 115/60 Hz ratings, do
not insert
Power plug, as our normal supply is 230V/50 Hz, which will damage the equipment.

3. Observe type of sockets of equipment power to avoid mechanical damage

4. Do not forcefully place connectors to avoid the damage

5. Strictly observe the instructions given by the teacher/Lab Instructor

Instruction for Laboratory Teachers::

1. Submission related to whatever lab work has been completed should be done
during the next lab session. The immediate arrangements for printouts related to
submission on the day of practical assignments.

2. Students should be taught for taking the printouts under the observation of lab
teacher.

3. The promptness of submission should be encouraged by way of marking and

evaluation patterns that will benefit the sincere students.

1. LAB EXCERCISES:

[Purpose these exercises is to make familiar the students to Linux networking.

Exercise No1: ( 2 Hours) – 1 Practical

- Linux Networking involving ping, ifconfig, netstat, traceroute, dig commands.

- Ifconfig – will display the system interface details

- Ping – will check system connectivity by generating ICMP packets
- Netstat – this command displays all the networking statistics of your system
- Traceroute- Netwok monitoring will follow the TCP stream
- Dig- domain information groper, this command will query the DNS server.

2. Lab Exercises:
[Purpose of these exercises to make familiar students to Server systems]

Exercise No2: ( 2 Hours) – 1 Practical

Installation of windows server 2003 demonstration.

Students are encouraged to carry fresh installation of Windows2003 server.

3. Lab Exercises:
[Before these exercises, students should be well conversant for using Cisco packet
tracer simulation toolkit. These Exercises require basic knowledge regarding
networking.

Exercise No3: ( 2 Hours) – 1 Practical

[Purpose of these exercises to make familiar students with packet tracer tool]

Students should run the CISCO packet tracer simulation tool and do basic
functionality like creating a LAN and WAN setting and perform connectivity check
using ping command.

4. Lab Exercises:
[Purpose of this exercise is to Study of packet tracer software tool and do
configuration settings.]

Exercise No 4: ( 2 Hours) – 1 Practicals

Study and implementation of DHCP server using cisco packet tracer simulation
software.

Students will create a simulating environment with few PC’s , DHCP server and
their interconnection and verify the IP address allocation dynamically.
5. Lab Exercise:
[Purpose of this exercise is to Study of packet tracer software tool and
configuration settings.]
DHCP server, DNS server, HTTP server configuration settings with a topology
functioning well providing DHCP,DNS, HTTP server simulation is expected from
the students.

Students will create topology with 2 PC’s where one is a static PC and the other a
dynamic PC which receive IP Address from DHCP server.

Three servers are added as DHCP,DNS,HTTP servers, and do proper

configurations and add required connections.

Once topology is created DHCP server leases IP addresses, DNS server will resolve
the name server conflicts and HTTP server will host the webpage.
6. Lab Exercise:
[Purpose of this exercise is to Study of packet tracer software tool and do
configuration settings.]
FTP service understanding. Creating a topology setup and implement FTP servers
with all configuration settings is expected.
 7. Lab Exercise:
[Purpose of these exercises to implement WiFi configuration setting using Packet
tracer]

Exercise No 7: ( 2 Hours) – 1 Practicals

Students will simulate implementation of WiFi using packet tracer software.

Steps
1.

1
 Open your Network Topology. Once you've opened your Network
Topology on Cisco Packet Tracer, access your network and identify the
components of your network, for example; Servers, Routers, End Devices,
etc.
2.

2
Complete the cabling. Access the cables section and connect completely
and correctly the cables between the network in order to ensure
connectivity between the devices in the network using the connections table
given.
3.

3
Configure the IP addresses on the end devices. Using the address table
still, correctly and completely configure the IP addresses on all end devices.
This can be done by accessing the desktop platform on each device and
locating the IP configuration section. The reason for doing this is to enable
the devices be on the right network.
4.
 4
Configure the IP addresses on your routers and switches. After
configuring the right IP addresses on the end devices, you will have to do
the same on the routers and switches also, using the address table. But this
time in a different way because there's no desktop platform on the routers
and switches. You will have to access the configuration panel on both
devices and this can be done in two ways:
• Click on the device and open the Command Line Interface (CLI) and then
type in the right commands to configure the right addresses for the router
using the addressing table.
• Use a console cable from an end device and connect it to the device you
wish to configure and access the terminal platform on the end device and it
will take you to the device's Command Line Interface and then you type in
the commands in other to configure the right addresses.

5
Configure your default gateway. After configuring the IP addresses, you
will need to configure the default gateway also. The reason for this is so the
end devices would know what network they are operating on. You can find
the default gateway either in the addressing table (if given) or in the network
topology.

6
Test connectivity. After configuring the addresses, you will have to test
connectivity by opening a command prompt window on the end devices and
try pinging the address which the network operates on. If it gives you a
reply, it means your network was configured correctly.
8. Lab Exercise:
[ Purpose of this exercise is to implement any one of the RIP,OSPF,EIGRP routing]

Exercise No 8: ( 2 Hours) – 1 Practicals

Students will implement any of the RIP, OSPF, EIGRP routing algorithms using
Packet Tracer Software

RIP Configuration in Packet Tracer | Step By Step Guide

In the previous post, we have discussed the basics of routing and how to
configure static routing. In this post, we will discuss some of the key
features of Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and the step by step
guide to configure RIP on Cisco routers using Cisco Packet Tracer.

RIP protocol is an open standard, distance -vector, Interior Gateway

Routing (IGP) routing protocol. Since it i s an IGP protocol, it can only be
used to perform routing between networks within the same autonomous
system. Typically, it is suitable for a small -sized network.

• Recommended post: Basics of Routing

Features of RIP Routing Protocol

Some of the of key features of RIP protocol are:

• It supports maximum 15 hops in a path.

• It uses hops count metric to calculate the best path from a source to
a destination network.
• It sends routing updates (entire routing table) after every 30 seconds and
when the network changes.
• It uses UDP broadcast packets to exchange routing information.
• The Administrative Distance (AD) value of the RIP protocol is 120.
• It has two versions: RIPv1 and RIPv2.

RIPv1 vs RIPv2 Differences

There are two versions of RIP protocols: RIP version 1 (RIPv1) and RIP
version 2 (RIPv2). The basic features, such as hops count and metric, of
both the RIPv1 and RIPv2 protocols remain same. However, RIPv2 is an
enhanced version of RIPv1. RIPv2 provides m ore functionalities than
RIPv1. The following table lists the key differences between RIPv1 and
RIPv2.

Routing Loops
If you want to configure RIP protocol on your network, you have to be
familiar with the routing loops. Sometimes routing loops create a big issue
on an RIP-based network. However, RIP protocol has some mechanisms
that can be used to prevent the routing loops and maintain the network
stability. These mechanisms are:

• Split horizon: In the split horizon, route information is not sent back out
through the interface from which it was received. Thus, allowing to
prevent routing loops.
• Hop-count limit: Limiting the hop-count prevents routing loops from
continuing indefinitely.
• Poison reverse: In this mechanism, a router marks a route (that is not
accessible) as unreachable and set the hop count to 16. The router then
passes this route out to the neighbor router, and the neighbor router
removes the unreachable route from its routing table.
• Hold-down timers: When the hold-down timers are set, routers ignore the
routing update information for the set period of time.

RIP Timers
Routing protocols use timers to optimize the network performance. The
following table lists the various types of timers used by the RIP protocol
to optimize the network performance.
RIP Configuration
To demonstrate how to configure RIP in Cisco Packet Tracer , we will
use the following network topology. If you are using a simulator, such as
Cisco Packet Tracer or GNS3, create the following topology and configure
the IP addresses as mentioned in the topology.

If you are using a simulator, such as Cisco Packet Tracer or GNS3, create
the preceding topology and configure the devices as per the values
mentioned in the following table.

First of all, configure the IP addresses on each device. We assume that you
know how to configure IP addresses. If you stuck in configuring IP
addresses, click here to know how to configure IP address or you can refer
the following example.

For example, to configure TCP/IP addresses on Router1, execute the

following commands:

Router1(config)#interface fa0/1
Router1(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-if)#no shut
Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)#interface S1/0
Router1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no shut
The following figure shows the IP configuration of Router1.

Steps to Configure RIP Routing

Once you have configured the appropriate IP addresses on each device,
perform the following steps to configure RIP routing. The default version
of RIP is RIPv1. In the later section, we will also configure RIPv2 routing.

1. On Router1, execute the following commands to configure RIP routing.

Router1(config)#router rip
Router1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Router1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router1(config-router)#exit

2. On Router2, execute the following commands to configure RIP routing.

Router2(config)#router rip
Router2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
Router2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router2(config-router)#network 150.150.150.0
Router2(config-router)#exit
Router2(config)#

3. On Router3, execute the following commands to configure RIP routing.

4. Router3(config)#router rip
5. Router3(config-router)#network 150.150.150.0
Router3(config-if)#exit

6. Once you have configured RIP routing protocol on each router,

wait for a few seconds (let complete the convergence process), and then
execute the show ip route command on any router to show the routing
information.

Router(config)#do show ip route

7. In the following figure, you can see the routes learned by the RIP
protocol on Router3.

Verifying RIP Configuration

To verify and test the RIP configuration, perform the following steps:
 1. To verify which routing protocol is configured, use the show ip
protocols command.

Router#show ip protocols

2. To view the RIP messages being sent and received, use the debug
ip rip command.

Router#debug ip rip

3. To stop the debugging process, use the undebug all command.

Router#undebug all
Configure RIP Version 2 (RIPv2)
The configuration process of the RIPv2 protocol is similar to configuring
RIPv1 protocol. To configure the RIPv2 routing protocol, you just need to
type version 2 command before executing the network command. To
configure the RIPv2 protocol, perform the following tasks on each router.

1. On Router1, execute the following commands:

2. Router1(config)#router rip
Router1(config-router)#version 2

3. On Router2, execute the following commands:

4. Router2(config)#router rip
Router2(config-router)#version 2

5. On Router3, execute the following commands:

6. Router3(config)#router rip
Router3(config-router)#version 2

7. Once you have executed the preceding commands, execute the following
command on each router, and verify the configuration as shown in the
following figure.

Router#show ip protocols
Question: Which version of Routing Information Protocol should you use
for a discontinuous network?

Removing RIP Routing Configuration

If you have added a wrong network or route, you can remove that network
from the routing table. In this section, we will learn how to remove the
routes learned by the RIP protocol. To do this, perform the following
tasks.

• On Router1, execute the following commands.

Router1(config)#router rip
Router1(config-router)#no network 10.0.0.0
Router1(config-router)#no network 192.168.1.0
Router1(config-router)#exit

• On Router2, execute the following commands.

Router2(config)#router rip
Router2(config-router)#no network 20.0.0.0
Router2(config-router)#no network 192.168.1.0
Router2(config-router)#no network 150.150.150.0
Router2(config-router)#exit
 • On Router3, execute the following commands.

Router3(config)#router rip
Router3(config-router)#no network 150.150.150.0
Router3(config-router)#exit
Now, execute the show ip route command and verify that the routes
learned by the RIP routing protocol are deleted. If the routes are still
available in the routing table, execute the clear ip route * command.

9. Lab Exercise:
[Purpose of these exercises to implement Basic Router configuration in command
line mode using CISCO Packet tracer]

Exercise No 9: ( 2 Hours) – 1 Practicals

Students will use the command line mode of packet tracer software to setup
routers and basic security.

Different method to configure Cisco router

There are three methods to configure a Cisco router.

1. Console
2. Telnet
3. Auxiliary
Above these Console used for initial configuration only, rest we can do via Telnet.

How Configuration of Cisco router

Now lets see how to connect Putty with Cisco router via console. This is for practical
use only. For Packet Tracer simulation you may skip this section.

Step 1:
Connect console cable at the console port of the router and the other end to your
computer or laptop. You need serial port to do this.
Step 2:
Run Putty Select Serial and click Open

Step 3:
It will give you command line interface for configuring the router. Now start configuring!
Configuration- Example

The basic configuration commands are given below also I explained each command in
detail.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#
R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

R1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line.

End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)
# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Realization of Each code

The 3 different modes in Cisco router are User Execution

Mode, Privilege Mode and Configuration Mode

The important commands used in the configurations are discussed here.

#hostname R1
Assigning a name to our Router (Here I assigned the name as R1). We must be
in Configuration Modein order to run this command.
#show ip interface brief
To show available interfaces in the Router with IP address, Here I have 2 fast ethernet
ports without IP. Run this command from Privilege Mode only.
#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Entering to the interface configuration, here we can manage the interface FastEthernet
0/0 such as assign IP address, enable/ disable etc.
#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Assigning the 10.0.0.1 IP Address to fastEthernet 0/0 port along with 255.0.0.0 subnet
mask.
#no shutdown
Enable the fastEthernet 0/0 port
After, run the following command from the Privilege mode (hit Cntrl+Z to go privilege
mode)
R1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 10.0.0.1 YES manual up up
FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
R1#
–Verify the status of FastEthernet 0/0 Port
Above said are the basic configuration steps in Cisco router, Now let’s see some more
commands that you should know.

How to Set Password to Cisco router

This will be useful while unauthenticated users try to access the Router, it protects the
router configuration window by a password.

R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#enable password 123
R1(config)#
R1(config)#enable secret 123
R1(config)# exit
R1>enable Password:

How to Set Console password

While accessing Router with Console cable it is better to set a console password to
prevent miss use of router

R1(config)#line console 0
R1(config-line)#password 123
R1(config-line)#login

How to Set Telnet password

Console configuration used rarely (Probably initial time only), instead ‘Telnet’ is
employed. Telnet lets you to configure remotely! Usually Network Administrator set
Telnet password to protect unwanted remote access.
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#password 123
R1(config-line)#login

10. Lab Exercises:

[Purpose of these exercises to implement dijkstra routing algorithms using c-
programming]

/***********************************************************
*Dijkstra shortest path routing algorithm implementation
***********************************************************/

#include "stdio.h"
#include "conio.h"
#define infinity 999

void dij(int n,int v,int cost[10][10],int dist[])

{
int i,u,count,w,flag[10],min;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
flag[i]=0,dist[i]=cost[v][i];
count=2;
while(count<=n)
{
min=99;
for(w=1;w<=n;w++)
if(dist[w]<min && !flag[w])
min=dist[w],u=w;
flag[u]=1;
count++;
for(w=1;w<=n;w++)
if((dist[u]+cost[u][w]<dist[w]) && !flag[w])
dist[w]=dist[u]+cost[u][w];
}
}

void main()
{
int n,v,i,j,cost[10][10],dist[10];
clrscr();
printf("n Enter the number of nodes:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("n Enter the cost matrix:n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&cost[i][j]);
 if(cost[i][j]==0)
cost[i][j]=infinity;
}
printf("n Enter the source matrix:");
scanf("%d",&v);
dij(n,v,cost,dist);
printf("n Shortest path:n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(i!=v)
printf("%d->%d,cost=%dn",v,i,dist[i]);
getch();
}
Program Listings for Reference:

4. Quiz on the subject:

Quiz should be conducted on tips in the laboratory, recent trends and subject knowledge of the
subject. The quiz questions should be formulated such that questions are normally are from the scope
outside of the books. However twisted questions and self formulated questions by the faculty can be
asked but correctness of it is necessarily to be thoroughly checked before the conduction of the quiz.

5. Conduction of Viva-Voce Examinations:

Teacher should oral exams of the students with full preparation. Normally, the objective questions with
guess are to be avoided. To make it meaningful, the questions should be such that depth of the
students in the subject is tested Oral examinations are to be conducted in co-cordial environment
amongst the teachers taking the examination. Teachers taking such examinations should not have ill
thoughts about each other and courtesies should be offered to each other in case of difference of
opinion, which should be critically suppressed in front of the students.

6. Submission:
Document Standard:
A4
A] Page Size Size
B] Running text Justified text
1
C] Spacing Line

D] Page Layout and Margins (Dimensions in Cms)

 Normal Page
Horizantal
2.0

2.5

2.0
2.5
2.0

0.7”
2.0

2.0

Desription Font Size Boldness Italics Underline Capitalize

College Name Arial 24 ----- ------ Yes ----------
Document Title Tahoma 22 ----- ------ --------- ----------
Document Subject Century Gothic 14 ----- ------ --------- Capital
Bookman old
Class Slyle 12 ----- ------ --------- ----------
Bookman old
Document No Slyle 10 ----- ------ --------- ----------
Bookman old
Copy write inf Slyle 9 ----- ------ --------- ----------
Bookman old
Forward heading Slyle 12 ----- ------ Yes Capital
Bookman old
Forward matter Slyle 12 ----- ------ --------- ----------
Bookman old
Lab man Contents title Slyle 12 ----- ------ Yes Capital
Bookman old
Index title Slyle 12 Yes ------ Yes Capital
Bookman old
Index contents Slyle 12 ----- ------ --------- ----------
Heading Tahoma 14 Yes Yes Yes ----------
Running Matter Comic Sans MS 10 ----- ------ --------- ----------
7. Evaluation and marking system:
Basic honesty in the evaluation and marking system is absolutely essential and in the process
impartial nature of the evaluator is required in the examination system to become popular
amongst the students. It is a wrong approach or concept to award the students by way of
easy marking to get cheap popularity among the students to which they do not deserve. It is
a primary responsibility of the teacher that right students who are really putting up lot of
hard work with right kind of intelligence are correctly awarded.

The marking patterns should be justifiable to the students without any ambiguity and
teacher should see that students are faced with unjust circumstances.