Oracle Applications Development Framework

The New Frontier

SAOUG 2006 White Paper
Contents
Introduction ...........................................................................................................3
Poly What?........................................................................................................3
Oracle Corporation’s Official Position................................................................3
So what is it?.........................................................................................................4
OA Framework Page Basics.................................................................................5
What can it do?.....................................................................................................6
Personalization..................................................................................................7
Levels of Personalization ...............................................................................7
EXAMPLE 1: Change a Column Label using the OA Personalization
Framework.....................................................................................................9
MDS Database Repository ..........................................................................10
Migrating Personalization’s ..........................................................................11
Extensibility .....................................................................................................11
EXAMPLE 2: Add a new attribute (i.e. field) to a standard List of Values
(LOV) ...........................................................................................................12
Custom Development......................................................................................18
Getting to grips with Java.............................................................................18
How do I get started?...................................................................................19
Where do I get help? ...................................................................................20

Oracle Applications Development Framework 2

The New Frontier
Introduction
Working as an Oracle E-Business Suite developer for the past 4 years, it’s been my experience
that the Oracle Apps technology stack has not exactly moved along as rapidly as happens in
other development environments. When I started out, there was basically the big 5
tools/languages to master; Reports, Forms, Workflow, Discoverer, SQL & PL/SQL, which resides
at the core of the before mentioned tools. Once you mastered these tools and languages you
could pretty much develop and support any customization or extension to the Oracle E-Business
suite.

But then Oracle releases OA Framework Release 5.7 and an entire new world of customizing and
extending Apps opens up. So you start investigating the possibilities but with a shock you soon
you realize that your current skills toolbox is inadequate for this brave new world; you will need to
master a couple of new tools to make it here.

Java, XML, J2EE, OAF, Abstraction, Controller, Model, BC4J, UIX, Instantiation, Class, PPR,
Objects, Message, MVC, Method, Encapsulation, Polymorphism…

Poly What?

Is there another collection of words that causes more anxiety or trepidation to an Oracle E-
Business Suite developer, OK maybe “Fixed Assets” or “It’s just a small change…”, but that’s
another paper? Having used a procedural language (PL/SQL) to do the bulk of my E-Business
Suite programming, the notion of finally applying all those Object Orientated (OO) programming
concepts was to say the least a daunting prospect, BUT...

DON’T PANIC!!!
Here’s the good news folks; “It’s not that hard”, it might sound and look very intimidating but like
any new technology it only takes some time, effort and lots of coffee, no pun intended. And before
you know it, you’ll find yourself discussing F-bounded polymorphism around the water cooler with
those O so cool Java developers from upstairs.

Oracle Corporation’s Official Position

“’Self Service User Interface’ and new E-Business Suite modules are now J2EE applications
developed using JDeveloper.”
Source: Oracle Forms - Oracle Reports - Oracle Designer Statement of Direction - September
2005

There can be no clearer indication of Oracles direction concerning the Oracle E-Business Suite
technology stack, all new E-Business Suite modules will be developed as J2EE applications.
Many of you may also have realized that a substantial number of new enhancements to current
modules are developed on the OA Framework at the expense of oracle Forms.

So it comes down to this, if you want to stay ahead of the pack and continue to offer your clients
the most effective and cutting edge solutions, you and your company will have to master the
Oracle Applications development and deployment platform for HTML-based business
applications; Oracle Applications Framework (OAF); The NEW Frontier.

Oracle Applications Development Framework 3

The New Frontier
So what is it?
The OA Framework is a J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) based development and
deployment platform for HTML-based business applications, it consists of three main
components:

• Base library classes: A complete set of highly integrated Java library classes that are
easily extensible and flexible, this base set of framework libraries contain all the
foundation code or “plumbing” for your application.
• A development method: A set of steps that you can use to create applications with the
framework libraries.
• A development tool: JDeveloper with OA Extension, Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) that helps you complete the steps in the development method.

The OA Framework implements the J2EE MVC (Model, View and Controller) architectural
pattern, which separates an application's data model, user interface, and control logic into three
distinct components so that modifications to one component can be made with minimal impact to
the others:

• Model: Represents the data and values portion of the application

• View: Represents the screen and user interface components.
• Controller: Handles the user interface events that occur as the user interacts with the
screen (View), controls page flow and communicates with the Model layer.

Figure 1.1: MVC architectural pattern

The Model layer of the J2EE MVC architectural pattern is implemented in the OA Framework by
using the Oracle Business Components for Java (BC4J). BC4J leverages Java Database
Connectivity (JDBC) to provide an optimized and scalable Object-Relational mapping of
information stored in the Oracle Database.

Oracle Applications Development Framework 4

The New Frontier
The screens and user interface (View) layer is implemented using UI XML (UIX), UIX uses XML
to describe the layout and hierarchy of the page. The application screens are not developed with
HTML code, but instead are described in the XML meta data files and then translated into HTML
output at runtime.

The Controller layer processes and responds to events, typically user actions, and invokes
changes on the model and perhaps the view; the OA Controller is a pure Java class
implementation.

The integration of these three components enables the developer to declaratively define an entire
OA Framework application without needing to write any custom Java code. Although most new
applications and customizations will require the developer to write a certain amount of code, the
developer is “protected” from the majority of the “plumbing” code required to make the application
function. For example; to create an OA Framework page with the famous “Hello World” display, a
developer does not need to understand or write a single line of Java code.

OA Framework Page Basics

At the browser level, an OA Framework page like any other web page renders as standard
HTML. In the middle tier, however, this page is actually implemented in memory as a hierarchy of
Java beans – each Java Bean represents one or more component (buttons, a table, the tabs, the
application branding image and so on) on the HTML page.

When the browser issues a request for a new page, the OA Framework reads the page's
declarative metadata definition stored in XML files or the MDS database repository, to create the
web bean hierarchy. For each bean with an associated UI controller, the OA Framework calls
code that you write to initialize the specific bean on the HTML page. When page processing
completes, the OA Framework hands the web bean hierarchy to the UIX framework so it can
generate and send HTML code to the web browser.

When the browser issues a form submit (if, for example, the user selects a submit button), the OA
Framework recreates the web bean hierarchy if necessary, and then calls any event handling
code that you've written for the page beans. When page processing completes, the page HTML is
generated again and sent to the browser.

Oracle Applications Development Framework 5

The New Frontier
 Figure 1.2: A conceptual illustration of the OA Framework model-view-controller architecture

• Application Module: A BC4J application module is essentially a container that manages

and provides access to "related" BC4J model objects.
• Entity Objects: BC4J entity objects encapsulate the business rules (validations, actions
and so on) associated with a row in a database table. For Example, the PO_VENDORS
table would be created as an Entity Object.
• View Objects: Most pages include data retrieved from the database, the pages do not
contain SQL queries themselves, but during execution (page being requested), the pages
use View Objects to run the queries required. These view objects are separate files and
represent a distinct query, passing in and out parameters and results.
• Controller: The controller responds to user actions and directs application flow.

What can it do?

The OA Framework provides the Oracle e-Business Suite developer with an extensive set of
features and capabilities to perform customizations to OA Framework based applications. These
same tools and capabilities can be utilized to develop new custom applications that are
seamlessly integrated with standard Oracle e-Business suite modules.

Oracle Applications Development Framework 6

The New Frontier
Customizing OA Framework applications can be categorized in four main categories:

• Configuration: using pre-built features to fine-tune the application to match the business
and deployment practices of a particular customer.
• Personalization: declaratively tailoring the user interface (UI) look-and-feel, layout or
visibility of page content to suite a business need or a user preference.
• Extensibility: extending the functionality of an application, beyond what can be done
through personalization.
• Interoperability: interfacing Oracle Applications with third party applications and service
providers.

In this paper I will focus on Personalization and Extensibility.

Personalization

Personalization is to the OA Framework what the CUSTOM library and recently Forms
Personalization is to professional user Forms. Personalization refers to the ability to declaratively
tailor the layout, look and feel of the user interface to suit a business need or user preference, for
example:

• Making fields Read-Only, Rendered or Required.

• Change item labels and region headers.
• Setting the number of rows displayed in a table.
• Change field lengths.
• Set a default value for an item.
• Define tips (in line instructions and usage help) for associated items.
• Enable totals for table columns, when applicable.
• Filter (restrict query) tabular data.

Levels of Personalization

The built-in personalization UI facilitates a variety of personalization features at a number of

different levels within three distinct user groups:

• Oracle's In-House E-Business Suite Developer

• Oracle Applications Administrator
• Oracle Applications User

Our focus will be on the Oracle Applications Administrator user group, the Oracle Applications
Administrator has six distinct personalization levels available.

Oracle Applications Development Framework 7

The New Frontier
Function level personalization is the highest level of personalization you can make;
personalizations made to the same region at a lower Admin-level always override the preceding
level, see Figure 2:

Personalization
Precedence
Figure 2: Admin Level Personalization Precedence

• Function Level - A function in Oracle Applications is a piece of application logic or

functionality that is registered under a unique name for the purpose of assigning it to, or
excluding it from, a responsibility. You can create standard personalizations for a region
at the Function level so that the personalizations are effective only for users of a specific
function. For example, you can create a function-level personalization to "hide the salary
field, if the user is updating an employee record, but not when the user is creating a new
employee".
• Localization Level - the administrator can use locales as context for personalizations
such as "showing a different person identification field label based on country settings".
• Site Level - the administrator can introduce global personalization’s that affect all users
with access to the given application component, such as "change the table column labels
to match your corporate standards".
• Organization Level - the administrator can introduce personalization’s that affect all
users belonging to a particular organization or business unit with access to the
application component. Example: "sort notifications by age for one organization and by
urgency for another".
• Responsibility Level - the administrator can introduce personalization’s that affect all
users of a particular responsibility with access to the application component. Example:
"show a trend graph for the sales manager responsibility".
• Seeded User Level - Personalization’s made at this level are visible to all users and can
only be changed or deleted by the Oracle Applications Administrator.

Oracle Applications Development Framework 8

The New Frontier
EXAMPLE 1: Change a Column Label using the OA Personalization
Framework

In this example we will be changing the label of the “Item” column on the iProcurement Shopping
Cart page.

Figure 3.1: iProcurement Shopping Cart Page

1. Click on the table component Personalize message to launch the Page Hierarchy
Personalization Page:

Figure 3.2: Personalize Item Column Label

2. In the personalization user interface, the layout of the table is displayed in a hierarchy
table. The Tables Hierarchy displays nodes for all the structures that make up the table.
Find the column node for the Item column and select the Personalize icon:

Figure 3.3: Personalization User Interface

Oracle Applications Development Framework 9

The New Frontier
 3. In this example I have chosen to perform the personalization on Organization Level, the
change will only be visible to users belonging to the specific organization. Note that the
column has also been personalized at Site Level, the original seeded definition for the
“Rendered” attribute is “false”, but have been overwritten by the “true” value on Site
Level.

Figure 3.4: Node Personalization Options

4. After applying the personalization it is immediately visible.

Figure 3.5: Personalized Column Label

MDS Database Repository

All declarative User Interface components are stored either in XML files, in a format defined by
MDS (Meta Data Services) Schemas, or in the MDS repository tables. When a personalization is
created through the OA Personalization Framework it is added on top of the base product meta
data. The personalization does not overwrite the existing base product UI and are therefore
preserved during upgrades and patches. The MDS repository is supported by the JDR_UTILS
PL/SQL package, used to query and maintain the repository:

SQL> set serveroutput on

SQL> begin
2 jdr_utils.listcustomizations('/oracle/apps/icx/por/req/webui/ShoppingCartPG');
3 end;
4 /
/oracle/apps/icx/por/req/webui/customizations/site/0/ShoppingCartPG
/oracle/apps/icx/por/req/webui/customizations/org/44/ShoppingCartPG

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>

Oracle Applications Development Framework 10

The New Frontier
From the above output we can identify the Site Level and Organization Level customization we
applied in Example 1 to the ShoppingCartPG page.

The MDS database repository consists of four tables:

• JDR_PATHS: Stores documents, packages and there parent child relationship.

• JDR_COMPONENTS – Stores document components.
• JDR_ATTRIBUTES – Stores attributes of document components.
• JDR_ATTRIBUTES_TRANS – Stores translated attribute values of document
components.

Migrating Personalization’s

As mentioned before, all personalization pages are stored in either XML files or the MDS
repository tables. By exporting the meta data into XML files on the file system, you can easily
move the files to another system and import them to a new database instance. Oracle provides
us with the “Functional Administrator” responsibility which features a simple UI that lets you
export meta data to XML files, and import XML files into a MDS repository. This allows you to
perform all personalization on a test system and when satisfied with the changes, simply export
the personalizations from the test system and import into the production instance.

Figure 4: Functional Administrator – Personalization Repository UI

Extensibility

Extensibility refers to the ability to extend the functionality of an application, beyond what can be
done through personalization, for example:

• Adding new content or business logic

• Extending or overriding existing business logic
• Adding new pages or complete flows
• Adding a new attribute (i.e. field) to a prepackaged page

The OA Framework was designed with durable extensibility capabilities, meaning extensions
made to the OA Framework are preserved during upgrades and patches. The preservation of
these changes is made possible by a BC4J framework feature called substitution. Substitution
allows you to replace all occurrences and usages of the original component in the existing

Oracle Applications Development Framework 11

The New Frontier
application with the customized component; developers can easily extend without modifying the
original application source code.

It is recommended to always investigate the possibility of implementing UI changes by using

personalization, only if changes are not possible through personalization, extensibility can be
explored as a solution.

EXAMPLE 2: Add a new attribute (i.e. field) to a standard List of

Values (LOV)

In this example we will be adding the Invoice Currency Code column to the Supplier Name LOV
region.

Figure 5.1: iProcurement Non-Catalog Request Page

1. Analyze the page and its regions to determine which view objects to extend. Launch the
LOV page and access the Personalization UI:

Figure 5.2: Supplier Name LOV Region

Oracle Applications Development Framework 12

The New Frontier
 2. The personalization context displays the page/region path and name:

Figure 5.3: Supplier Name LOV Region Personalization

3. Export the /oracle/apps/icx/lov/webui/ReqSupplierLovRN region from the MDS

Repository with the export.bat program in your JDeveloper 9.0.3 with OA Extensions
installation directory:

C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myprojects>SET JDEV_USER_HOME=C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev

C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myprojects>SET EXP_OBJECT=/oracle/apps/icx/lov/webui/ReqSupplierLovRN

C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myprojects>C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevbin\jdev\bin\export.bat
/oracle/apps/icx/lov/webui/ReqSupplierLovRN -rootdir C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myprojects -mmddir
C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myhtml\OA_HTML\jrad -username apps -password apps -dbconnection
"(description = (address_list = (address = (community = tcp.world)(protocol = tcp)(host
=dbserver)(port =1521)))(connect_data = (sid = DEV)))" -jdk13 –validate Exporting
/oracle/apps/icx/lov/webui/ReqSupplierLovRN

Export completed.

C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myprojects>

Oracle Applications Development Framework 13

The New Frontier
 4. Open the ReqSupplierLovRN.xml file in JDeveloper and inspect a current LOV column
attribute to identify the LOV regions View Object:

Figure 5.4: Inspect LOV Region

5. Find the package (i.e. directory) containing the ReqSupplierVO.xml file on the Apps
server under the $JAVA_TOP directory:
/orahome2/appldev/devcomn/java/oracle/apps/icx/lov/server/ReqSupplierVO.xml

ZIP package up, move to client machine running JDeveloper and UNZIP file under
$JDEV_USER_HOME/myprojects and $JDEV_USER_HOME/myclasses directory. The
ReqSupplierVO.xml file contains the meta data information for the View Object that forms
the bases of the LOV.

Oracle Applications Development Framework 14

The New Frontier
 6. Open the server.xml file located in the same directory as the ReqSupplierVO.xml file.
This will add the oracle.apps.icx.lov.server Business Componenent package to your
project, the server.xml file contains all the meta data information for the
oracle.apps.icx.lov.server Business Componenent package. Create a empty BC4J
package to hold your custom BC4J object xxcompany.oracle.apps.icx.lov.server:

Figure 5.5: New BC4J package

7. Copy the SQL statement from the seeded View Object and modify to include the new
Invoice Currency Code column. In your new Business Componenents package, create a
View Object that extends the parent View Object using the modified SQL statement:

Figure 5.6: Extend Base View Object

Oracle Applications Development Framework 15

The New Frontier
 8. Now substitute the parent object for your customized object, by setting up a substitution
in the BC4J Project Editor:

Figure 5.7: Object Substitution

9. The BC4J runtime does not typically read the project's .jpx file. To make the runtime read
the .jpx file add the string “-Djbo.project=Name” to the projects java options:

Figure 5.8: Object Substitution

Oracle Applications Development Framework 16

The New Frontier
 10. Compile project and Import the Project file to load the substitution into the MDS
repository:

C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myprojects>SET JDEV_USER_HOME=C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev

C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myprojects>SET JPX_FILE=OAProject.jpx

C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myprojects>C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevbin\jdev\bin\jpximport
C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myprojects\OAProject.jpx -username apps -password apps -
dbconnection "(description = (address_list = (address = (community = tcp.world)(pro
tocol = tcp)(host = dbserver)(port =1521)))(connect_data = (sid = DEV)))"
Imported document : /oracle/apps/icx/lov/server/customizations/site/0/ReqSupplierVO
Import completed successfully

C:\Ora9\jdev\jdevhome\jdev\myprojects>

11. Move the $JDEV_USER_HOME/myclasses/xxcompany/oracle/apps/icx/lov/server

directory to the $JAVA_TOP/xxcompany/oracle/apps/icx/lov/server directory on your
Apps server and restart the Apache web server.

12. Access the Regions Personalization UI and create a new node to hold the additional
column:

Figure 5.8: Object Substitution

13. Set the following Attribute Values and apply:

Figure 5.9: Item Attributes

Oracle Applications Development Framework 17

The New Frontier
New LOV Column:

Figure 5.10: New Supplier Name LOV Region

Custom Development

With OA Framework Release 11.5.10, Oracle has extended access and benefits of the OA
Framework development environment to all Oracle E-Business Suite customers. All E-Business
Suite developers and consultants now have access to the same tools used by Oracle E-Business
Suite developers to build complementary applications as well as e xtend Oracle E-Business Suite
applications.

Getting to grips with Java

Although the OA Framework development and deployment platform protects developers from
designing, coding, and debugging handcrafted application "plumbing" code, developers will still
have to master the fundamentals of programming in Java.

For a PL/SQL programmer, Java is not a “normal” skill, it is arguably more complex and database
access is not as natural as with PL/SQL. Understanding Object-Oriented Programming Concepts
is the key to becoming a competent Java programmer, only when you fully grasp the fundamental
concepts should you be concerned about language basics like variables, operators and control
flow statements.

The following resources should assist you to gain the necessary Java programming skills to
effectively utilize the OA Framework development and deployment platform.

• Sun Microsystems - The Java Tutorials: Learning the Java Language

Free online tutorial covering the fundamentals of programming in the Java programming
language: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/index.html

• Oracle University Course

Oracle 10g: Java Programming

You do not need to be a Java ACE to successfully use the OA Framework development
platform, but you must understand and be able to apply the fundamental concepts of the
Java programming language.

Oracle Applications Development Framework 18

The New Frontier
How do I get started?

The sheer amount of information available on OA Framework makes it difficult to know where and
how to start. Follow these 4 easy steps to get up and running in no time:

1. The JDeveloper 9.0.3 with OA Extensions (JDev) software is distributed via Metalink by
means of a patch. First determine the correct JDev patch for your development system,
you do this by checking your OA Framework version, enter the string
http://host:port/OA_HTML/OAInfo.jsp in your web browser:

Figure 6: OA Framework Version Information Page

OA Framework Version JDeveloper Patch

11.5.10K Patch 4045639 - 9IJDEVELOPER WITH OA EXTENSION ARU
FOR FWK.H
11.5.10.1CU Patch 4141787 - 9IJDEVELOPER WITH OA EXTENSION ARU
FOR CU1
11.5.10.2CU Patch 4573517 - Oracle9i JDeveloper with OA Extension for
11.5.10 CU2
11.5.10.3CU Patch 4725670 - 9IJDEVELOPER WITH OA EXTENSION ARU
FOR 11i10 RUP3

2. Once downloaded, follow the installation steps set out in the OAEXT_README.txt
document, located in the root directory of your patch file.
3. The JDeveloper patch includes a very comprehensive documentation library, after
installation you can locate the documentation index here:
JDEV_INSTALL_DIR/jdevdoc/index.htm
4. Follow the “You are Customer, Consultant or Support Representative” in Chapter 1:
“Setting Up your Development Environment” of the OA Framework developers guide,
make sure you complete all the setup steps successfully.

Congratulations you have successfully installed and configured your new development tool, now
it’s time to get into the documentation. I suggest you study Chapters 1, 2 and 3 of the OA
Framework developers guide; this will present you with a detailed introduction to OA Framework
development concepts. Chapter 8 of the developers guide covers OA Framework standards and
guidelines. Although not everybody’s favorite part of the manual, it is vital to adhere to these
standards and guidelines when developing new components and extensions. Failure to do so
may cause unexpected errors when patching or upgrading the OA Framework technology stack.

Oracle Applications Development Framework 19

The New Frontier
The Oracle Applications Framework ToolBox Tutorial is a comprehensive step by step guide to
OAF development, extension and personalization. The tutorial will guide you from creating your
first “Hello World” program right through to multi-step update pages, partial page rendering
techniques and advanced charts and graphs.

Where do I get help?

• Oracle Applications Framework Developer's Guide (Included in JDev Installation)

The Developer's Guide fully documents the capabilities of the Framework including
instructions, examples and essential standards for implementing business-tier objects, UI
components and server-side features.

• Oracle Applications Framework ToolBox Tutorial Application (Included in JDev

Installation)
The ToolBox Tutorial application is a sample application accompanied by extensive
examples with step-by-step instructions that demonstrate the usage of business objects
and UI components to build OA Framework based application pages, against a simple
Purchase Order type application schema, installed on your 11i instance.

• OA Framework Javadoc (Included in JDev Installation)

Documents all core Oracle Applications Framework packages and classes, including UIX
and BC4J objects extended by the Framework.

• OA Framework Discussion Forum on the Oracle Technology Network

Discussion forum for OA Framework Extensions and the OA Extension to Oracle9i
JDeveloper, OA Framework Forum
(http://forums.oracle.com/forums/forum.jspa?forumID=210). You can use the forum to
post questions and exchange information with other users working with OA Framework
technology.

• Oracle Applications Product Documentation

Some products may provide additional information on extending application specific
business objects and functionality. Consult Oracle Metalink (http://metalink.oracle.com)
under the respective product for more information.

• Oracle University Course

11i Extend Oracle Applications: Building OA Framework Applications.

• The Oracle EBS Developer

News, views, tips & tricks on Oracle e-Business Suite customization and extension:
http://andrieshanekom.blogspot.com/

Oracle Applications Development Framework 20

The New Frontier
Oracle Applications Development Framework - The New Frontier
SAOUG 2006 – White Paper
Author: Andries Hanekom

Bibliography:
Oracle Corporation 2005, Oracle Applications Framework ToolBox Tutorial Release 11.5.10
Oracle Corporation 2005, Oracle Applications Framework Developer's Guide
Oracle Corporation 2005, Oracle Applications Framework Personalization Guide
Dr. Avrom Roy-Faderman, Peter Koletzke, Dr. Paul Dorsey 2004, Oracle JDeveloper 10g
Handbook, Oracle Press
Bulusu Lakshman 2002, Oracle and Java Development, SAMS
Herbert Schildt 2001, The Complete Reference JAVA 2, Osborne
Oracle Corporation 2005, OA Framework Personalization and Extensibility Guide, viewed 22
August 2006, Metalink Doc ID: 236618.1
Oracle Corporation 2006, Oracle Application Framework Support Guidelines for Customers,
viewed 15 August 2006, Metalink Doc ID: 275846.1

Acknowledgements:
David Grant
Tessa Lillie
Michelle Pienaar

Oracle Applications Development Framework 21

The New Frontier