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ALKENE

The document discusses alkenes, including their general formula, classifications based on carbon atoms, substituents, and double bond position. It describes their physical properties like state and solubility, and chemical properties like isomerism and reactivity. It provides rules for naming alkenes and examples like 1-butene and 2-hexene with their uses. It also shows formulas, reactions, and preparation methods.

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BUDLAO julie anne
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47 views12 pages

ALKENE

The document discusses alkenes, including their general formula, classifications based on carbon atoms, substituents, and double bond position. It describes their physical properties like state and solubility, and chemical properties like isomerism and reactivity. It provides rules for naming alkenes and examples like 1-butene and 2-hexene with their uses. It also shows formulas, reactions, and preparation methods.

Uploaded by

BUDLAO julie anne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ALKENES

General Formula: CnH2n


DOUBLE BOND ( = )
CLASSIFICATIONS

Based on the number of carbon atoms in the molecule: Alkenes with two carbon atoms are
called ethene or ethylene, while alkenes with three carbon atoms are called propene or
propylene. Alkenes with four carbon atoms are called butene or butylene, and alkenes with five
carbon atoms are called pentene or pentylene. This naming convention continues for larger
alkenes, with the prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Based on the type of substituents attached to the double bond: If both ligands (molecule) are the
same, the alkene is said to be a symmetrical alkene. If the ligands (molecule) are different, the
alkene is said to be an unsymmetrical alkene.

Based on the position of the double bond in the molecule: When the double bond is located at
the end of the carbon chain, the alkene is said to be terminal. When the double bond is located
between two carbon atoms in the chain, the alkene is said to be internal or non-terminal.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL STATE: ALKENES EXIST AS GASES, LIQUIDS, OR SOLIDS AT ROOM


TEMPERATURE, DEPENDING ON THEIR MOLECULAR SIZE AND STRUCTURE.

SOLUBILITY: ALKENES ARE RELATIVELY INSOLUBLE IN WATER BUT SOLUBLE IN


NONPOLAR ORGANIC SOLVENTS, SUCH AS ALKANES OR AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

ISOMERISM: ALKENES EXHIBIT STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM, MEANING THEY CAN HAVE THE SAME
MOLECULAR FORMULA BUT DIFFER IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THEIR ATOMS.

DOUBLE BOND REACTIVITY: THE PRESENCE OF A CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND MAKES ALKENES
MORE REACTIVE THAN ALKANES.

UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS: ALKENES ARE UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS, MEANING THEY CONTAIN


FEWER HYDROGEN ATOMS THAN THEIR CORRESPONDING SATURATED HYDROCARBONS (ALKANES).
RULES IN NAMING

The ene suffix (ending) indicates an alkene

The longest chain chosen for the root name must include both carbon atoms
of the double bond.

The root chain must be numbered from the end nearest a double bond
carbon atom. If the double bond is in the center of the chain, the nearest
substituent rule is used to determine the end where numbering starts.

The smaller of the two numbers designating the carbon atoms of the double
bond is used as the double bond locator.
EXAMPLES
General Formula: CnH2n
NAME OF COMPOUND (IUPAC) STRUCTURAL FORMULA IMAGE USE/S

Butenes are valuable components in


the fuel industry. They are blended
into gasoline to enhance its octane
rating and improve combustion
1-BUTENE
efficiency. Butenes help to reduce
engine knock, improve engine
performance, and meet regulatory
requirements for gasoline quality.

employed in automotive engines,


machinery, and other industrial
2-HEXENE applications where high performance
and extended oil life are desired.

Chemical Intermediates: Pentenes serve


as important intermediates in the synthesis
of various chemicals. They undergo
reactions to introduce functional groups or
1-PENTENE
participate in further transformations,
leading to the production of solvents,
pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and
specialty chemicals.
FORMULA AND SOLUTION

1-BUTENE 2-HEXENE
GENERAL FORMULA: CNH2N GENERAL FORMULA: CNH2N

BUT = 4C SO, N=(4) HEX= 6C SO, N=()6

C(4) H(2)(4)= C4H8 C(6) H(2)(6)= C6H12

1-PENTENE
GENERAL FORMULA: CNH2N
PENT= 5C SO, N=5
C(5) H(2)(5)= C5H10
PREPARATION
SIMPLE REACTION
REFERENCE

(Alkenes - Unsaturated Hydrocarbons, Molecular Structure, Chemical Properties, Uses,


Reactions Bromine Hydrogen, Ethene C2H4, Propene C3H6, Butene C4H8 Gcse
Chemistry Revision Notes Igcse Revising KS4 Science, n.d.)

Vipin. (2023, May 9). Alkenes – Properties, classification, addition reactions and uses.
Infinity Learn. https://infinitylearn.com/surge/chemistry/alkenes/

Physical and chemical properties of alkenes


toppr.com/guides/chemistry/hrydrocarbons/properties-of-alkenes/

SIMPLE REACTION AND PREPARATION OF ALKENES


• https://www.chemistrylearner.com/alkene-reactions.html
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