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Lab Report 2

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Luis Fonbuena
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Lab Report 2

Uploaded by

Luis Fonbuena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydraulics Laboratory Report No.

Date Submitted: October 4, 2023


Instructor: Engr. Lesly Ann Pauline Manaoat
Name: Macusi, Marcus Luis F.
Group Number: 7

Group Members who performed the experiment:


Aguilar, Roland Christian Cahigan, Jesus Vincent Estil, Joseph Jr.
202110414 202110493 202110641

Signature: Signature: Signature:

Laja, Julius Andrei C. Macusi, Marcus Luis F.


202110464 202110357

Signature: Signature:
2. FLOW RATE MEASUREMENT (BERNOULLI-ENERGY EQUATION AND
VENTURI’S PRINCIPLE)

2.1. Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Experiment


a) Ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.
b) Ability to function on multidisciplinary teams.

2.2. Experiment’s Intended Learning Outcomes (EILOs)


At the end of this experiment, the student shall be able to:
a) Define the Bernoulli’s Principle and Venturi’s Principle.
b) Apply the Bernoulli-Energy Equation and Venturi’s Principle in flow rate
measurement.
c) Determine the Flow Rate and Coefficient of Discharge for the specified measuring
device.

2.3. Objectives of the Experiment


The aim of this experiment is to determine the theoretical discharge by applying the
Bernoulli-Energy Equation and using the Venturi meter and differential manometer.
Then, the actual discharge is measured by the volumetric method and is compared to
the theoretical discharge.

2.4. Principle of the Experiment


The Law of Conservation of Energy states that in a system, the total energy along the
fluid flow is constant. Bernoulli’s Principle further expounds this by stating that where
the velocity is high, the corresponding pressure is low.

To investigate this concept, one of the most commonly used devices is the Venturi
Meter. It consists of a converging tube, which is connected to the main pipe at the inlet
ending in a cylindrical span of constant diameter, called the throat, and a diverging
section, which is again connected to the main pipe at the outlet.

Figure 1. Venturi Meter


The pressures at the inlet and the throat are obtained using a differential manometer.
Neglecting head lost, the increase in kinetic energy between the two points is equal to
the decrease in potential (pressure) energy. This statement is known as the Venturi’s
Principle.

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𝑣2 2 𝑣1 2 𝑃1 𝑃2
− = ( + 𝑧1 ) − ( + 𝑧2 )
2𝑔 2𝑔 𝛾 𝛾

where:

v2 – velocity at the throat


v1 – velocity at the inlet
P2 – pressure at the throat
P1 – pressure at the inlet
g – gravitational acceleration, 9.81 m/s2
γ – unit weight of water, 9.81 kN/m3

By using the Venturi’s Principle, the theoretical (computed) discharge may be


obtained. This value may then be compared to the actual discharge obtained by the
volumetric method. The ratio between the actual discharge and the theoretical
discharge is known as the coefficient of discharge.

2.5. Materials/Equipment
Hydraulic Bench HM150
Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration Apparatus HM 150.07
Stopwatch

2.6. Illustration

Figure 2. Parts of the Bernoulli’s Theorem Demonstration Apparatus HM 150.07

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2T 22-23
Figure 3. Parts of the Venturi Meter

2.7. Procedure
1. Arrange the experimentation set-up such that the HM150 is placed on a convenient
and level place.
2. Make hose connection between HM 150 and HM 150.07. Open discharge of HM
150. Ensure that the gate valve for the measuring tank is closed.
3. Open the vent valves on the water pressure gauges. Carefully close outlet cock until
pressure gauges are flushed.
4. By simultaneously setting inlet and outlet cock, regulate water level in pressure
gauges such that neither upper nor lower range limit is overshot or undershot.
5. Record the pressures at the first and third measurement points of the venturi meter
by taking the readings on the differential manometer. Compute for the theoretical
discharge.
6. Determine the actual discharge using the volumetric method. Use a stopwatch to
establish the time, t, required for raising the level in the volumetric tank of the
HM150 from 20 to 30 liters.
7. Conduct four trials.

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2T 22-23
2.8. Data and Results

Table 1. Pressure Heads and Theoretical Discharge


Flow Rate, lit/sec
Trial Pressure Head at Pt. 1 Pressure Head Pt. 4
(Qtheoretical)

Average

Table 2. Actual Discharge


Flow Rate, lit/sec
Trial Volume, liter (vol) Time, second (t)
(Qactual)

Average

Coefficient of Discharge, C

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2T 22-23
2.9. Calculations

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2.10. Observation

2.11. Conclusion/s

2.12. Recommendation/s

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2T 22-23
2.13. Documentation

2.14. References

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