Answer to Assignment one

I. Multiple Choice
1.
Solution
The student's experimental data is neither accurate nor precise.
 Accuracy is a state or quantity that indicates how close the experimental value is to the
accepted value.
 Precision is a state or quantity that tells about the consistency of the experiment, that is,
the values obtained from the repeated experiments must be the same or very close.
 None of the measurements from the trails, that is, 1.29, 1.93 and 0.88, are close to 1.43,
so these values are not accurate.
 The vales, 1.29, 1.93 and 0.88 are not close to each other either, so they are not precise.
2.
Solution
The correct option is D)

Initially the slope is decreasing and the slope = 0. Thus velocity is decreasing as time increases,
i.e. there is retardation and ultimately the particle stops. It must have obviously started with some
velocity.

II. Work out

1. The orbital velocity of a satellite orbiting the earth is half the escape velocity of the earth. What is
the height above the surface of the earth at which it is orbiting?
Answer
 Orbital Velocity(V o )

Where r is the radius of orbital

V o=
√ GM
r

 This orbital velocity is equal to half of the escape velocity of the earth

√
V 1 2 GM
V o= e =
2 2 R


√ GM 1 2 GM
r
The height above the surface of the earth
=
2 √R

r =2 R
h=r−R
h=2 R−R
h=R
h=R=6400 km
 Where R is orbital radius of the earth

2. A train with a constant speed of 60 km goes west for 40 min. Then it goes 20 km 30 ° northwest for
20 min. And finally it goes 50 km east for 40 min. (A)Sketch the journey of the train roughly
 showing the direction of resultant displacement (B) Calculate magnitude and direction of the train’s
displacement. (C) What is the average speed and velocity of the train?

3. A 4.0 kg object has a velocity of 3.0 𝑖̂ 𝑚/𝑠 at one instant. Eight seconds later its velocity is (8.0 𝑖̂ +
10.0 𝑗̂) 𝑚/𝑠. Assuming the object was subjected to a constant net force; find (a) the components of
the force and (b) its magnitude and direction.
Answer
We have given the following
m=4 Kg
m
v i=3 i^ 2
s
m
v f = ( 8 i^ +10 ^j ) 2
s
t=8 sec
From Newton second Law
a) Componenta of force
F=ma
m(v f −v i)
F=
t
m
4 ( 8 i^ +10 ^j −3 i^ ) 2
s
¿
8
^ 10 ^j)
(5 i+
F= N
2
b) Magnitude
F=F x + F y
5 10
F= i^ N + ^j N
2 2
F=¿)
F=√ ¿ ¿
F=5.59 N
Direction
Fy
tanθ=
Fx

θ=tan
−1 F y
Fx ( )
θ=tan−1
5
2.5 ( )
θ=63.43 °

4. A 10 kg monkey climbs up a massless rope that runs over a frictionless tree limb (!) and
back down to a 15 kg package on the ground, as shown in Fig. below. (a) What is the
magnitude of the least acceleration the monkey must have if it is to lift the package off the
 ground? If, after the package has been lifted the monkey stops its climb and holds onto the
rope, what are (b) the monkey’s acceleration and (c) the tension in the rope?

Answer
Given data
The mass of the monkey is: m1=10 kg
The mass of the package is: m2=15 kg
The acceleration due to the gravity is: g=9.81 m/ s2

The free body diagram of the monkey and package is as follows:

(a) The tension in the string due to the monkey is as follows:

 We take +y to be up for both the monkey and the package. The force the monkey
pulls downward on the rope has magnitude F. According to Newton’s third law,
the rope pulls upward on the monkey with a force of the same magnitude, so
Newton’s second law for forces acting on the monkey leads to
F – m1 g=m1 a
 Where m1 is the mass of the monkey and a is its acceleration. Since the rope is
massless F=T is the tension in the rope. The rope pulls upward on the package
with a force of magnitude F,

Now Let T

 be the tension in the string as the monkey climbs it up with the least acceleration
 a (positive upwards). So to lift the package, the minimum tension in the string
must equal the weight of the package:

From Newton’s law F=ma , where F=T

T −m1 g=m1 a ⋅⋅⋅ ⋅⋅⋅(1)

The tension in the string due to the package is as follows:
 T =m2 g ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅(2)

Now, from equation (1) and equation (2) is as follows:

T −m1 g=m1 a
m2 g−m1 g=m1 a
( m2−m1 ) g
a=
m1
(15 kg−10 kg) ×9.81 m/s
¿
10 kg
2
a=4.9 m/ s

Thus, the acceleration of the monkey is 4.9m/s2

(b) After the package lifted, the tension in the string due to the monkey is as follows:

T −m1 g=m1 a
T =m1 (g+a)⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅(3)
The tension in the package is as follows:
m2 g−T =m2 a
T =m2 (g−a)⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅(4)
Now, the equate the equation (3) and equation (4) is as follows:
m1 (g+a)=m2 (g−a)
m1 g+ m1 a=m2 g−m2 a
(m −m1 )g
a= 2
m1+ m2
( 15 kg−10 kg ) x 9.81 m/s 2
a=
10 Kg+ 15 Kg
2
a=1.962 m/s
Thus, the acceleration of the monkey is 1.962m/s 2
(c) The tension in the string from the equation (3) is as follows:
T =m1 (g+a)
2 2
T =10 kg (9.81 m/s +1.962 m/ s )
T =117.72 N
Thus, the tension in the rope is 117.72N

5. A 0.5 kg block attached to spring is stretched to 𝑥 = 20 𝑐𝑚. The spring constant is

𝑘 = 8.0 𝑁/𝑚 and the surface is frictionless.
(a) What is the elastic potential energy?
(b) If the block is released, what is its velocity when it reaches 𝑥 = 5 𝑐𝑚?
Solution

Given
K = 8N/m
x = 5cm =0.05 m

Required

A) Potential Energy stored in spring

B) Velocity
Answer
a) P.E. stored in spring
1 2
P . E .= k x
2
1
¿ 8 N /m× ¿
2
P . E .=0.01 Nm=0.01 J

b) The velocity when it reaches 𝑥 = 5 𝑐𝑚

m= 0.5 kg
PE stored in spring = KE imparted to object
1 2
0.01 J = x 0.5 kg x v
2
2
0.01 J =0.25 v
v=
√0.01
0.25
v=0.2 m/s