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The document discusses several key concepts in software development: 1) It describes the six main stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC): planning, requirements, design, development, testing, and deployment/maintenance. 2) It defines different types of relationships in object-oriented programming: association, aggregation, composition, and metaclass. 3) It provides examples to illustrate aggregation and composition relationships.

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Anindya Dey
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25 views

Oops 5

The document discusses several key concepts in software development: 1) It describes the six main stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC): planning, requirements, design, development, testing, and deployment/maintenance. 2) It defines different types of relationships in object-oriented programming: association, aggregation, composition, and metaclass. 3) It provides examples to illustrate aggregation and composition relationships.

Uploaded by

Anindya Dey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is SDLC?

Stage 1: Planning and Requirement Analysis


Stage 2: Defining Requirements
Stage 3: Designing the Product Architecture
Stage 4: Building or Developing the Product
Stage 5: Testing the Product
Stage 6: Deployment in the Market and Maintenance

Association - Association relationship is a structural relationship in which different


objects are linked within the system. It exhibits a binary relationship between the objects
representing an activity. It depicts the relationship between objects, such as a teacher,
can be associated with multiple teachers.

Aggregation- Aggregation is a subset of association, is a collection of different things. It


represents has a relationship.

Here we are considering a car and a wheel example. A car cannot move without a
wheel. But the wheel can be independently used with the bike, scooter, cycle, or any
other vehicle. The wheel object can exist without the car object, which proves to be an
aggregation relationship.

Composition- The composition is a part of aggregation, and it portrays the whole-part


relationship. As you can see from the example given below, the composition association
relationship connects the Person class with Brain class, Heart class, and Legs class. If
the person is destroyed, the brain, heart, and legs will also get discarded.

Metaclass- In object-oriented programming, a metaclass is a class whose instances


are classes. Just as an ordinary class defines the behavior of certain objects, a
metaclass defines the behavior of certain classes and their instances. Not all object-
oriented programming languages support metaclasses.

Important methods of StringBuilder class:

Coupling: Coupling is the measure of the degree of interdependence between the


modules. A good software will have low coupling.
Important methods of StringBuffer class:
Scanner Class: The Scanner class is used to get user input, and it is found in
the java.util package.

To use the Scanner class, create an object of the class and use any of the available
methods found in the Scanner class documentation. In our example, we will use
the nextLine() method, which is used to read Strings:

Java I/O:

1) System.out: standard output stream

2) System.in: standard input stream

3) System.err: standard error stream

OutputStream: Java application uses an output stream to write data to a destination; it


may be a file, an array, peripheral device or socket.

InputStream: Java application uses an input stream to read data from a source; it may
be a file, an array, peripheral device or socket.
Swing: It is a part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC) that is used to create window-
based applications. It is built on the top of AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) API and
entirely written in java. The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) are a set of GUI
components which simplify the development of desktop applications.

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