STPM 2023 – MOCK ANSWER STPM CHEMISTRY SEM 2
16 (a) i. CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g) [1] 19. (a) i. m1 : concentration Cr3+ increase ; Ecell decrease [1]
ii. Q : calcium oxide / CaO [1] m2 : concentration H+ increase ; Ecell increase [1]
R : calcium hydroxide / Ca(OH)2 [1] (ii). m3 : [H+] = 10-3 @ 0.001 mol dm-3 [1]
iii. To neutralise the acidic soil [1] 0.059 [𝐶𝑟 3+]2
m4 : 𝐸 = 𝐸 𝑜 − 𝑙𝑔 @
(b) i. 2 Sr(NO3)2 (s) → 2 SrO (s) + 4 NO2 (g) + O2 (g) [1] 𝑛 [𝐻 + ]14 [𝐶𝑟2 𝑂7 2− ]
0.059 (1.0)2
ii. Barium nitrate / Ba(NO3)2 [1] 𝐸 = +1.33 − 𝑙𝑔 [1]
6 (0.001)14 (1.0)
(c) i. BaSO4 (s) [1]
ii. BaSO4 is insoluble in water [1] m5 : E = + 0.917 V [1]
m6 : As E0cell = ECr2O72-/Cr3+ – E0Cl2/Cl- @ (+0.917) – (+1.36)
17. (a) i. I / iodine [1] @ = –0.443 V [1]
ii. 2 HX H2 (g) + X2 (g) [1] m7 : Since E0cell is negative, reaction is non-spontaneous [1]
iii. - X has larger atomic radius than Br [1] b) m8 : Anode : oxygen gas [1]
- H–X has longer bond length than H–Br / weaker bond m9 : cathode : hydrogen gas [1]
strength than H–Br [1] ii. m10 : Cathode : 2 H2O (l) + 2 e- → H2 (g) + 2 OH- (aq) [1]
(b) i. 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(aq) →NaCl(aq) + NaClO(aq) + H2O(l) m11 : mol H2 = 35.0 x 10-3 / 24.0 @ 0.001458 mol [1]
ii. NaClO [1] m12 : mol e- = 0.001485 x 2 @ 0.002917 mol [1]
iii. as bleaching agent / disinfectant [1] m13 : Q = mol e x F @ 0.002917 x 96500 @ 281.46 C [1]
m14 : I = Q / t @ 281.46 / 30 x 60 @ 0.156 A [1]
18. a i. m1:KHCO3(s)+HCl(aq) → KCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) iii. m15 : Anode : 2 H2O (l) → 4 H+ (aq) + O2 (g) + 4 e- [1]
m2 : q = mcT @ q = (30.0 cm3/1.00 g cm-3)(4.18)(23.1–19.2) m16 : V = 0.002917 / 4 x 24.0 @ 0.0007292 mol
m3 : mol = 3.50 / (39.1 + 1.0 + 12.0 + 3(16.0)) @ 0.0175 dm3 @ 17.5 cm3 [1]
m4 : H = 489.06 / 0.03497 [1]
m5 : = + 14.0 kJ mol-1 [1] 20. a) i. m1 : nuclear charge increase with proton number
ii. m6 : K2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2KCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) while screening effect remain almost constant as e- filled in
H = – 29.6 kJ mol-1 same shell [1]
KHCO3(s)+HCl(aq) → KCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) m2 : effective nuclear charge increased [1]
H = + 14.0 kJ mol-1 m3 : atomic radius decreased across Period 3 from Na to Ar [1]
m7 : 2 KHCO3 (s) → K2CO3 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) [1] ii. m4 : first ionisation energy generally increased [1]
m8 : H = + 57.6 kJ [1] m5 : write valance electron [1]
Enthalpy K2CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) m6 : Al with valance electron 3s23p1 has lower ionisation
/ kJ energy than Mg with valance electron 3s2 [1]
– 29.6 m7 : since Al has partially filled 3p orbitals while Mg has full-
m9-m11 +57.6 2 KCl (aq) + 2 H2O (l) + 2 CO2 (g) filled 3s orbital which has extra stability [1]
m8 : S with valance electron 3s23p4 has lower ionisation
+ 28.0 energy than P with valance electron 3s23p3 [1]
2 KHCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) m9 : since S has partially filled 3p orbitals while P has half-
filled 3p orbitals which has extra stability [1]
b) m12 : mol = 1.00 / 24.0 @ = 0.04167 mol [1] b) m10-12 : All formulae correct 3 m ; each mistake -1 [3]
m13 : q = H x mol @ –2878 x 103 x 0.04167 [1] SiO2 P4O6 / P4O10 SO2 / SO3
m14 : m = q / cT @ 119916 / (4.18 x (100 – 25.0)) [1] ii. m13 – m15 : depend on (i) ; each equation [1] [3]
m15 : m = 383 g [1] SiO2 does not dissolved in water.
P4O6 (s) + 6 H2O (l) → 4 H3PO3 (aq) @
P4O10 (s) + 6 H2O (l) → 4 H3PO4 (aq)
SO2 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO3 (aq) @
SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4 (aq)
Section A
1. D q = mcT @ (30.0 + 30.0)(4.18)(0.50) @ 125.4 J ; mol = (0.025)(30.0)/1000 @ 0.00075 ; H = 125.4/0.00075 =
2 HBr (g) → H2 (g) + Br2 (g) H = +72.4 kJ 2 HBr (g) → 2 H (g) + 2 Br (g) H = 701.3 kJ
2. B Br2 (g) → 2Br (g) H = +192.5 kJ HBr (g) → H (g) + Br (g) H = 701.3 / 2 kJ
H2 (g) → 2H (g) H = +436.4 kJ = 350.6 kJ
3. A Lattice energy of NaX is slightly higher than NaY since Y - has larger ionic radius than X-. hence lower LE
A true : E0cell = (+1.51) – (+0.68) = + 0.83V (spontaneous) ; B true : E0cell = (+1.77)–(+0.54) = + 1.23V (spontaneous)
4. C
C false : E0cell=(+0.34)–(+0.68)= –0.34V (non-spontaneous) ; D true ; E0cell = (+0.34)–(+0.80) = +0.46V (spontaneous)
Overall : Cu (s) + I2 (s) → Cu2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq) ; Using Nernst equation
5. B 0.059 [𝐶𝑢2+ ][𝐼 − ]2 𝑜 0.059 (0.10)(0.10)2
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑜 − 𝑙𝑔 @ 0.279 = 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 − 𝑙𝑔 ; E0cell = +0.1905V
𝑛 1 2 1
Mass Ag deposit = 25.64 – 23.85 = 1.79 g ; mol Ag = 1.79 / 108 = 0.01657 mol ; since Ag + + e- → Ag ;
6. B
mol e- = 0.01657 mol ; Q = mol e x 96500 ; Q = 1599 C ; I = Q/t ; I = 1599 / 1 x 60 x 60 = 0.444A
7. C Adding cryolite lower the melting point of Al2O3.
As proton no increase from Na+ to Al3+ ; while screening effect remain the same (as isoelectronic) ; hence effective
8. D
nuclear charge increased.
9. A Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 (s) + 2 NaNO3 ; BaSO4 insoluble since Hhyd < LE ; Hsoln = endothermic
Be2+ has high covalent characteristic due to high charge and small ionic radius of Be 2+. Electron hard to remove (high
10. A
IE and low EA)
PbO2 is unstable ; PbCl2 is ionic solid, while PbCl4 is simple covalent molecule liquid ; Reaction between PbO2 and
11. B
HCl is acid base reaction ; which can occur in dilute HCl.
12. C Structure shows amphibole with formula Si4O116- which shar 2 or 3 oxygen atoms
As going down Group 17, volatility increase as they are simple covalent molecules hold by weak van der Waals forces
13. C
which caused their strength of the forces increase with molecular size. As a result, colour intensity also increased.
From the configuration, Q is 3d10 4s2. Hence its Zn. Zn can only form Zn 2+ ; therefore not a transition element ; All Q
14. B
related compound solid are white and has high 3 rd ionisation energy due to full filled 3d orbitals
Since Eo Mn3+/Mn2+ is more positive hence Mn3+ stronger oxidising agent / Mn2+ weaker reducing agent ; therefore
15. B Mn2+ is more stable than Mn3+. Fe2+ is easily oxidised in air to form Fe3+ (O2 (g) + 4 H+ (aq) + 4 Fe2+ (aq) → 4 Fe3+
(aq) + 2 H2O (l) ; E0cell = + 0.46V) ; and reation between Cr3+ and Fe2+ is non spontaneous (E0cell = (–0.41) – (+0.77)
