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DC CIRCUITS - Basic Laws (Part 1)

The document discusses basic circuit analysis concepts including Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, nodes, branches, loops, and examples of applying these concepts to calculate voltages, currents, and power in circuits. Key circuit elements and their relationships such as resistance, conductance, and power dissipation are also covered.

Uploaded by

Will Tedjo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

DC CIRCUITS - Basic Laws (Part 1)

The document discusses basic circuit analysis concepts including Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, nodes, branches, loops, and examples of applying these concepts to calculate voltages, currents, and power in circuits. Key circuit elements and their relationships such as resistance, conductance, and power dissipation are also covered.

Uploaded by

Will Tedjo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Laws (1)

Georg Simon Ohm (1787–1854), a German physicist, in 1826


experimentally determined the most basic law relating voltage
and current for a resistor.

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887), a German physicist,


stated two basic laws in 1847 concerning the relationship
between the currents and voltages in an electrical network.
Kirchhoff’s laws, along with Ohm’s law, form the basis of
circuit theory.
Ohm’s Law

Materials in general have a characteristic behavior of resisting the flow of electric charge.
This physical property, or ability to resist current, is known as resistance and is represented
by the symbol R.
A useful quantity in circuit analysis is the reciprocal of resistance R, known as conductance
and denoted by G
The power dissipated by a resistor can be expressed in terms of R

The power dissipated by a resistor may also be expressed in terms of G


Example

In the circuit, calculate the current i,


the conductance G, and the power p.

Solution
Practice Problem

For the circuit below, calculate the voltage v, the conductance G, and the power p.
Nodes, Branches, and Loop
Since the elements of an electric circuit can be interconnected in several ways, we need to
understand some basic concepts of network topology. In network topology, we study the
properties relating to the placement of elements in the network and the geometric
configuration of the network. Such elements include branches, nodes, and loops.
Kirchhoff’s Laws
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
When voltage sources are connected in series, KVL can be applied to obtain the total voltage.
Examples
1. Find voltages v1 and v2.

Solution
To find v1 and v2, we apply Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s voltage law. Assume that
current i flows through the loop.

(1)
Applying KVL around the loop gives

(2)

Substituting Eq.(1) into Eq.(2), we obtain

Substituting i in Eq.(1) finally gives


2. Find current i and voltage vo.

Solution
(1)
(2)

From Eq.(1) and Eq.(2),


3. Find current io and voltage vo.

Solution
Practice Problems

Find voltages and currents in circuits below

1. 2.

3.
Selected Problems

2.7
2.14
2.15
2.19
2.22
2.23

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