IT NET 01 NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS

What is Network Telephone based technologies

- Computer networking refers to interconnected - is the field of technology involving the
computing devices that can exchange data and development, application, and deployment of
share resources with each other. telecommunication services for the purpose of
- These networked devices use a system of rules, electronic transmission of voice, fax, or data,
called communications protocols, to transmit between distant parties.
information over physical or wireless Computer Networks
technologies. - A computer network is a set of computers sharing
- Each of the devices on the network can be resources located on or provided by network
thought of as a node; each node has a unique nodes. Computers use common communication
address. protocols over digital interconnections to
- Addresses are numeric quantities that are easy communicate with each other.
for computers to work with, but not for humans - These interconnections are made up
to remember. of telecommunication network technologies
Example based on physically wired, optical, and
204.160.241.98 wireless radio-frequency methods that may be
192.168.0.1 arranged in a variety of network topologies.
- Some networks also provide names that humans
can more easily remember than numbers. The following lists the advantages of computer networks
- A network connection between these devices can - Computer networks are based from telephone
be established using cable or wireless media. network communication technology and also
make use of specialized equipment to connect
Three common forms of network communication networks.
1. Word-of-mouth communication - Unlike telephones, computer networks can do
2. Telephone based technologies more, as it can transmit data from far flung
3. Computer Networks (and digital devices) places, can support video streaming and more
- Exchange of information is similar from how a
Word-of-mouth communication person would communicate with another person
- The concept of electronic word-of-mouth through word of mouth, the only difference is
(eWOM) was introduced in the mid-1990s, when that it is done digitally.
the Internet was beginning to change the ways
consumers interacted with each other. The most common networks
- eWOM has been recognized to lead to high 1. Local area network (LANs)
retransmission intentions because it is easy for 2. Metropolitan area network (MANs)
consumers to generate conversations online. It 3. Wide area network (WANs)
also allows information to be passed along Other Type of Network
globally and quickly. 1. Personal Area Network (PAN)
2. Campus Area Network (CAN)
The Role of eWOM in Advertising, Communication, and 3. Enterprise Area Network (EAN)
Marketing
- Electronic word-of-mouth can be conceptually Local Area Network or LAN
defined as “any positive or negative statement - Pertains to printing machines, computers, and
made by potential, actual, or former customers other digital electronics that shares a hardware
about a product or company, which is made and software resources that are located close to
available to a multitude of people and institutions each other. Its coverage can only connect setups
via the Internet”
 like: small confined space like a typical household,
a single department floor or small firm.
Examples of Local Area Network or LAN
1. Home networking Personal Area Network or PAN
2. Offices - falls under the LAN spectrum and can connect
3. School networking devices from a range of distance of up to about
4. Campus university 33 feet (equivalent to 10 meters). A PAN is smaller
5. Two computer networking than a LAN and has two forms, Cabled PAN and
6. Embedded systems Wireless PAN (WPAN).
Examples
Metropolitan Area Network or MAN Devices PAN can connect are: Smartphones, Personal
- can cover a greater range than a LAN with a Computer and handheld devices like a Bluetooth
distance spanning from about 30 miles speaker.
(equivalent to 48 kilometers). This type of
network has the capability to link several LANs Campus Area Network or CAN
within municipalities, or cities. - falls under the MAN sub-category. It can link
Example: multiple LAN and can cover the same range as a
A MAN can link the multiple LANs used by three mall MAN can reach. This network is owned and
establishments within Cabanatuan City. The LAN in SM managed by a single organization.
Cabanatuan can be linked with the LAN Example
- Used in SM Mega Cabanatuan and to a huge Harvard University having its own servers and network
hardware store of Wilcon Cabanatuan branch’s connection equipment’s set up and exclusively managed
LAN. All of the said buildings are a mile apart by them with little to none help from third party network
from each other providers.
- High speed network communication can only be
possible if the cable used by the LAN in Enterprise Area Network or EAN
communicating with a MAN is made up of fiber - falls under the WAN sub-category. This has the
optic or through a high-speed wireless same features as WAN as it can link different
technology. types of networks belonging from different
Wide Area Network or WAN organizations from different parts of the
- is considered to be the largest network that can continent.
connect numerous LANs and even MANs across a - A network is considered as an EAN if it is owned
distance that can exceed more than 30 miles and managed by a single corporation or group
(equivalent to 48 kilometers). that can support a network bigger than MAN.
- it is a large network of information that is not tied - It is consists of physical and virtual networks and
to a single location. WANs can facilitate protocols that serve the dual purpose of
communication, the sharing of information and connecting all users and systems on a local area
much more between devices from around the network (LAN) to applications in the data center
world through a WAN provider. and cloud as well as facilitating access to network
- WANs can be vital for international businesses, data and analytics.
but they are also essential for everyday use, as
the internet is considered the largest WAN in the Why is it important to know the different types of
world. networks?
Example: 1. It is important to know the different types of
the Internet. The WAN can link multiple smaller networks networks since each one handles a different level
from different parts of the world. of user traffic. Networks vary in size, accessibility
and location, making it necessary to match the
 network type to the specific needs of a residence
or company.

2. According to the communication requirements,

multiple types of network connections are
available. The most basic type of network
classification depends on the network's
geographical coverage.
Basic networking concept and terms

Connection
- In networking, a connection refers to pieces of
related information that are transferred through a
network. Generally speaking, a connection is
established before data transfer (by following the
procedures laid out in a protocol) and may be
deconstructed at the end of the data transfer.
Packet
- A packet is the smallest unit that is intentionally
transferred over a network. When communicating
over a network, packets are the envelopes that
carry your data (in pieces) from one end point to
the other.
- have a header portion that contains information
about the packet including the source and
destination, timestamps, network hops, etc. The
main portion of a packet contains the actual data
being transferred. It is sometimes called the body
or the payload.
Network Interface
- A network interface can refer to any kind of
software interface to networking hardware. For
instance, if you have two network cards in your
computer, you can control and configure each
network interface associated with them
individually.