MEL AYANAMBAKKAM

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT REPORT

In partial fulfilment of AISSCE 2023-2024

physics project

A PROJECT REPORT ON
FACTORS AFFECTING SELF-INDUCTANCE
OF THE COIL

MADE BY
K. SAHANA
CLASS XII - C
 VELAMMAL VIDYALAYA
MEL AYANAMBAKKAM

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that K. Sahana, a student of class XII has successfully

completed the research on the below mentioned project under the
guidance of Mrs. Thamaraiselvi during the year 2023-2024 in partial
fulfillment of physics practical conducted by AISSCE as per CBSE.

PHYSICS TEACHER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my physics

teacher Ms.Thamaraiselvi, as well as our senior principal,
Ms.Selvanayagi and Vice principal Ms.Madhuranthaki for providing me
with the opportunity to work on this beautiful project.

Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped
me to finish this project within the limited time frame.

Finally, I would like to thank everyone without whose help I could not
have completed my project successfully.
 INDEX

S.NO CONTENTS

1 AIM

2 APPARATUS

3 THEORY AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4 PROCEDURE

5 OBSERVATION

6 RESULT

7 PRECAUTIONS

8 SOURCES OF ERROR
AIM
To study the factors on which the self- inductance of a coil depends by observing the
effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an
A.C. source of adjustable frequency.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
A coil of large turns, A.C. source of adjustable frequency, an electrical bulb, (6V) A.C.
ammeter of suitable range rheostat, a soft iron rod, one way key, connecting wires,
etc.

THEORY
Self-inductance is the property of a coil which opposes the change in current
through it. The self-inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is:

𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝑁 2 𝐴
𝐿=
𝑙
where r= Relative magnetic permeability of magnetic material,

N = Total number of turns in solenoid

A = Area of cross-section of solenoid
l = Length of solenoid

Hence, the self-inductance depends upon:

1. Number of turns (N), L  N2
𝟏
2. Geometry of coil, L  A, L 
𝒍
3. Nature of the core material, L  

When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor (bulb) with a variable source
of frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is

𝜇
𝜇𝑟 =
𝜇0

where Z =√𝑅 2 + 𝜔 2 𝐿2 = Impedance of the A.C. circuit. Here,

R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self-inductance of coil
 = 2πf = Angular frequency of A.C. source

The brightness of bulb i.e., heat generated in the bulb is

2
𝐻 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑍𝑡
𝐻 2
𝑃= = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑍
𝑡
2 √ 2
𝑃 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑅 + 𝜔 2 𝐿2
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE
1. Make all connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the A.C. supply and adjust the current in the circuit by using the
variable resistor (Rh).
3. Record the current in A.C. ammeter and see the brightness of the bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the conductor core and record the current
in A.C. ammeter, and again check the brightness of bulb. The current and
brightness, both decreases.
5. Now, switch off the supply and decrease the frequency of A.C. source (say
50 Hz).
6. Again, switch on the supply and adjust the current in circuit at same
constant voltage 6V by using the rheostat. Note the current in ammeter and
brightness of bulb. The current and brightness, both will increase.
7. Again, insert the iron rod in the core of the coil, and note the current and
brightness. The current and brightness, both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6, and 7 for different frequency of A.C. source.

OBSERVATIONS
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.
2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
3. Range of ammeter = 0 – 5 A.

S.NO FREQUENCY OF CURRENT IN CURRENT IN

APPLIED VOLTAGE AMMETER WITHOUT AMMETER WITH
(Hz) IRON ROD IN COIL IRON ROD IN COIL
(A) (A)

1 60 2 1.8
2 50 2.5 2.3
3 40 2.9 2.6
4 30 3.4 3.25
5 20 4.1 4
RESULT
1. The current in the circuit decrease on inserting the iron rod in the core of coil
at constant frequency of applied voltage and brightness of bulb decreases, and
vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit increases on decreasing the frequency of applied
voltage, and vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of bulb increases.

PRECAUTIONS
1. The coil should have a large number of turns.
2. Current should be passed for a small time to avoid the heating effect.

SOURCES OF ERROR
1. The resistance of circuit may increase slightly due to the heating effect of
current.
2. There may be eddy current in soft iron coil.