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Mycoplasma: Cell Theory What Is Biology?

The document discusses cell theory and its development. It describes the key discoveries that led to the modern understanding of cells, including Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek's early observations of cells using microscopes in the 1600s. It then summarizes the three main contributors to cell theory - Schleiden establishing that plants are made of cells, Schwann extending this to animals, and Virchow adding that cells only come from pre-existing cells. The modern cell theory incorporates these original three points plus four additional concepts about DNA, cellular composition/function, and organelle roles.

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Sandara Asingua
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53 views

Mycoplasma: Cell Theory What Is Biology?

The document discusses cell theory and its development. It describes the key discoveries that led to the modern understanding of cells, including Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek's early observations of cells using microscopes in the 1600s. It then summarizes the three main contributors to cell theory - Schleiden establishing that plants are made of cells, Schwann extending this to animals, and Virchow adding that cells only come from pre-existing cells. The modern cell theory incorporates these original three points plus four additional concepts about DNA, cellular composition/function, and organelle roles.

Uploaded by

Sandara Asingua
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 What is the smallest cell?

The smallest cell is probably a bacterial cell. Currently, a type of


bacteria called mycoplasma (200-300 nanometers in diameter) are thought to
be the smallest cells. But, recent research has identified potentially even
smaller cells, like the bacterium Peligiabacter and the archaeon
Nanoarchaeum
 What is the smallest human cell?
Three options:
Sperm – diameter of 1-3 micrometers, but its tail is 50 micrometers.
Cerebellum granule cell, which play a key role in the sense of smell – diameter
of 4- 10 micrometers.
The red blood cell – diameter of 4-8 micrometers.
 What is the largest single cell?
By volume, the largest cell is an ostrich egg. But by length, nerve cells win.
 How many different types of cells can be found inside the human body?
There are about 200 cell types and about 30 trillion cells in the human body.
That does not include bacteria, fungus and mites that live on the body
 How long do cells live?
It depends on the type of cell.
 Cells in your small intestine last only 2-4 days.
 Skin cells last 10-30 days.
 Sperm cells last two months.
 Red blood cells last 70-140 days (about four months).
 Egg cells, and some cells in the brain and eye last your entire lifetime.

CELL THEORY
What is biology?
Biology is the study of Life. Its name is derived from the Greek words “bios” (life)
and “logos” (study)
Characteristics of Life
• Living things are composed of cells
• Living thing have different level of cellular sturctures
• Living things use energy (Metabolism)
• Living are are homeostatic
• Living things respond to their environment
• Living things grow
• Living things reproduce or have DNA
• Living things move
• Living things adapt to their environment
• Living things die

Questions:
1. What are the structural differences of the various levels in organization of life?
2. What are the components of these level?
3. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
How the cell was discovered?
The invention of microscope and discovery of cells
 1595- Zacharias Janssen (1580-1638) invented the first compound
microscope. His microscope can only magnified by between 3x and 9x.
1665- Robert Hooke (1635-1703) devised the compound to have a higher
magnification of 270x and examined a slice of cork.
 He observed that the cork has a tiny compartment named it cellula which
eventually became known as cells

1673- Anton van Leuwenhoek


• Dutch microscopist who was the first to observe bacteria and protozoa.
• Used a handmade microscope to observe pond scum & discovered single-celled
organisms and He called them “animalcules”
• He also observed blood cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans
• Therefore, it was known that cells are found in animals as well as plants
150-200 Year Gap???
 Between the Hooke/Leuwenhoek discoveries and the mid 19th century, very
few cell theory advancements were made.
 This is probably due to the widely accepted, traditional belief in Spontaneous
Generation.
 Examples:
-Mice from dirty clothes/corn husks
-Maggots from rotting meat
Abiogenesis vs. Spontaneous Generation
Abiogenesis Spontaneous Generation
Definition Abiogenesis proposes that Spontaneous generation
the first life-forms theory is an archaic
generated were very scientific theory which
simple and through a stated that living
gradual process became organisms could arise
increasingly complex. from nonliving matter and
that such a process was
regular in nature.
Types of organisms Primitive life Generation of complex
(SelfReplicating RNA and life (mice and maggots,
Protein Molecules, etc.) etc.) from nonliving
originated from nonliving matter
matter.
Proving Has been neither proved Disproved
nor disproved
Proposed by J.B.S Haldane Greek Philosophers
Aleksander Oparin Aristotle
Harold C. Urey
Stanley Miller
19th Century Advancement
• Much doubt existed around Spontaneous Generation
• Conclusively disproved by Louis Pasteur

Development of Cell Theory


 1838, Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, concluded that “all plant
tissues are composed of cells” and that an embryonic plant arose from a
single cell.
 He declared that the cell is the basic building block of all plant matter.
In 1839, Theodor Schwann
• a German biologist, reached the same conclusion as Schleiden about “all
animal organism are composed of cells.”
• He pulled existing observations together into theory that stated:
1. Cells are organisms and all organisms consist of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms and that plants and
animals consist of combinations of these structures.
Robert Remak
• He was able to see cell division in animal cells as early as 1844. However,
many scientists at the time did not agree with him.
• Rudolf Virchow finally published Remak’s findings as his own in 1855.
Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow
• In 1855, the German physiologist, physician, pathologist, and anthropologist,
add a third part to the cell theory. concluded that cells must arise from
preexisting cells.
• He stated the Omnis cellula e cellula means "All cells come from cells”
3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)
(1838-39)
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann)
(1838-39)
3.Cell arise from pre-existing cells. (Virchow)(1858)

Theory
A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or
phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted
and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena.
Modern Cell Theory
Modern Cell Theory consists of the 3 basic components of cell theory, plus 4
additional statements:
4. The cell pass information from cell to cell during cell division using DNA.
5. All cells have basically the same chemical composition and metabolic
activities.
6. All cells have basically the same chemical & physiological functions.
(movement, digestion, etc)
7. Cell activity depends on the activities of structures within the cell.
(organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)
How Has The Cell Theory Been Used?
• The previously discovered truths about cells listed in the Cell Theory are the
basis for things such as: Disease/Health/Medical Research and Cures(AIDS,
Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell Research, etc.)

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