7

Horticulture
Third Quarter

DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Module1-9 1
Horticulture – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3

Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Lorenza l. Dasmariñas, Dalandanan National High School

Melissa R. Rafael, Dalandanan National High School
Joanna Marie N. Demetillo, Justice Eliezer R. Delos Santos National High School
Mary Jane S. Realuyo, Bagbaguin National High School
Paul Joshua D. Bartolome, Gen. T. de Leon National High School
Maricel N. Bautista, Gen. T. de Leon National High School
Joan M. Daco, Vicente P. Trinidad National High School
Marie Ivy B. Nool, Valenzuela National High School
Mercy P. Jungco, Valenzuela National High School
Abigail B. Manjares, Malinta National High School
Abit Marie P. Saez, Malinta National High School
Dianne Grace P. Santiago, Disiplina Village Bignay National High School
Eyzell N. Tumbaga, Polo National High School

Editor: Renen C. Rodriguez, Head Teacher III - Justice Eliezer R. Delos Santos National High School
Catherine B. Dela Cruz, Justice Eliezer R. Delos Santos National High School

Reviewers: Remedios L. Santos, EPS – EPP/TLE

Renen C. Rodriguez, Head Teacher III - Justice Eliezer R. Delos Santos National High School
Catherine B. Dela Cruz, Justice Eliezer R. Delos Santos National High School

Layout Artist: Renen C. Rodriguez, Justice Eliezer R. Delos Santos National High School
Maricel R. Diones, Maysan Elementary School, Raphael A. Lopez

Management Team: Meliton P. Zurbano, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent, OIC – OSDS
Filmore R. Caballero, CID, Chief
Jean A. Tropel, Division EPS In-Charge of LRMS and ADM Coordinator
Remedios L. Santos, EPS – EPP/TLE

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education Valenzuela

Office Address: Pio Valenzuela Street, Marulas, Valenzuela City
Telefax: 08-292-4340
E-mail Address: [email protected]

2
 What I Need to Know

Learning Competency: Use Farm Tools and Equipment

Learning Outcome: Select Farm Tools
1.2 Check farm tools for faults and defects in accordance with farm
procedures
Code: TLE_AFHC7/8UT-0a-1

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
1. Determine the faults and defective hand tools and equipment;
2. Check farm tools for faults and defects in accordance with farm
procedures; and
3. Appreciate the importance of awareness of faults and defects
before using farm tools and equipment.

What I Know

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Always use the right __________ for the right task.

A. box B. cabinet C. storage D. tool
2. Alex wants to repair a defective tool. What does he need to do?
A. Have it repaired by an electrician.
B. Have it call the attention of your neighbor.
C. Have it clamp the tools blade in a bench vise.
D. Have it remove from service and tag it clearly "Out of service for repair".
3. The two types of defective equipment are manufacturing and _________
defects.
A. brand B. design C. model D. style
4. The examples below are gardening tools EXCEPT
A. bolo B. glass C. hand cultivator D. sprayer
5. What will you do when a company designs equipment without proper safety
guards?
A. Clean the handle C. Read the procedures
B. Read the manual D. Shutoff switches

CHECK FARM TOOLS FOR FAULTS

Lesson AND DEFECTS IN ACCORDANCE
1 WITH FARM PROCEDURES
Week 1
What’s New

Working on a farm comes with a certain risk especially when you are operating
heavy machinery and equipment. Faulty parts and defective farm equipment can
cause serious and even fatal injuries. It is recommended that first gardeners receive

1 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson1
hand tool training from an experienced instructor. Defective equipment like tractors,
mowers, shredders and other equipment cause debilitating and often lifelong
injuries.

What is It

TYPES OF DEFECTIVE FARM EQUIPMENT:

1. Manufacturing Defects
This occurs when mistakes during the assembly process cause loose or
missing fasteners and other defects. Often, this results in severe and fatal
injuries.
2. Design Defects
When a company designs equipment without proper safety guards,
shut-off switches, and protective enclosures agricultural workers are at risk.

1. Pinch points. Points at which Safety Precaution.

two objects on the machine make Make sure all shields are
contact, with at least one of them secured in place to cover
moving in a circle. The most pinch point area. Follow
commonly injured body parts are all lockout/tag out
fingers and hands. procedures.
2. Wrap points. Any exposed,
rotating machine component
Safety Precaution:
attached at one end to a piece of
Wear close-fitting clothing
equipment. These can catch on
and remove jewelry.
clothing and limbs, pulling them
into the machine.
3. Shear Points. The edges of
two objects moving close enough
together to cut relatively soft
Safety Precautions:
material create shear points.
Do not reach over, around
Common injuries include
or work on rotating parts.
crushing of tissue, lacerations,
broken bones, contusions, and
amputations.
4. Freewheeling points. After a
farmer turns off the equipment, Safety Precaution:
farm equipment parts, such as Never touch a freewheeling
rotary motor blades and part while it is moving,
flywheels, continue to rotate even if it is moving very
These can catch on clothing and slowly.
limbs, pulling them into the
machine.
5.Hydraulic lifts and hoses. Safety precaution:
Leaky hydraulic hoses can emit Turn off the engine and
toxic fluids that can burn your relieve hydraulic pressure
eyes and skin. before disconnecting
hydraulic hoses or
completing repairs.

2 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson1
WAYS TO DETERMINE THE DEFECTIVE AND NON-DEFECTIVE TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT:

1. Visual Inspection. Defective and non-defective tools are described by its

physical appearance such as dullness, sharpness, dismantled parts and more.
2. Functionality. It is done by checking or assessing if the tool is already
susceptible to wear and tear or does it exceeded its service life already.
3. Performance. Checking of the performance of a tool is not only done during
the actual use, it should also be done after to determine whether the tool is
worthy to be used.

Defective Farm Equipment Injuries

1. Broken bones 4. Electrocution

2. Crush injuries 5. Spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries
3. Burns 6. Amputation injuries

Farm Procedure Before Using Farm Equipment

1. Ensure you’re well rested. Feeling fatigued when operating machinery can be
dangerous. Make sure you’re taking breaks from work when you need rest.
2. Always thoroughly read the manual for each piece of equipment. Your new
tractor may function differently than your old one. Then, comply with the
instructions and rules.
3. Avoid alcohol. Even one drink can affect your ability to operate machinery.
4. Maintain awareness. Stay focused. Be aware of what you are doing and where
you are going.
5. Adjust equipment accordingly
6. Keep children and animals away from working areas. To avoid any disastrous
accidents, keep your child’s play area separates from your work area.
7. Dress appropriately. Dressing appropriately can mean reducing risk of
injuries.

What’s More

Directions: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

______1. Thoroughly read the manual guide for each piece of equipment.
_______2. Feeling fatigued when operating machinery can’t be dangerous.
_______3. To avoid any disastrous accidents, separate your child’s play area.
_______4. Leaky hydraulic hoses emit toxic fluids that can burn your eyes and skin.
_______5. Faulty parts and defective farm equipment cause serious and fatal injuries.

What I Can Do

Directions: Provide one (1) appropriate remedy on the given defective farm tools.
Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Cracked axe handle

2. Loose wrap points

3 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson1
 3. Worn-out parts of farm tools
4. Rusty garden tools
5. Dismantled shear points

Assessment

Directions: Identify the farm procedure before using farm equipment being
described below. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Choices:

A. Ensure you ae well rested

B. Always thoroughly read the manual
C. Avoid alcohol
D. Maintain awareness
E. Keep children and animals away from working areas
F. Dress appropriately

1. Using correct working clothes to avoid the risk of being injured.

2. Operating farm machines when not feeling well can be dangerous.
3. Drinking liquor can affect you when operating machineries.
4. Stay focus while working in the farm
5. To avoid untoward accidents in using farm machines, always read the
instructions first.
What I Need to Know

Learning Competency: Use Farm Tools and Equipment

Learning Outcome 1: Select Farm Tools
1.3 Use appropriate farm tools and equipment safely according to job
requirements and manufacturer’s instructions.
Code: TLE_AFHC7/8UT-0a-1

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
1. Identify appropriate farm tools/equipment according to job
requirement
2. Follow manufacturer’s instructions to ensure safety while working
3. Appreciate the importance of knowing the use of manufacturer’s
instruction

What I Know

Directions: Read and analyze each statement. Write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if the statement is incorrect. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.
_______ 1. Inspect your tools on a regular basis.
_______ 2. Leave your tools unattended after use.
________ 3. Check the tools for defects before using it.
________ 4. Everyone can operate tractors even without training.
________ 5. It is important to follow all manufacturer’s guidelines for operations.

4 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson2
 USE APPROPRIATE FARM TOOLS
AND EQUIPMENT SAFELY
Lesson ACCORDING TO JOB
2 REQUIREMENT AND
MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTION
Week 2
What’s New

Safety of an individual is the most important thing to consider in every

situation. Following instructions of every farm tools and equipment can be of help.
Almost all agricultural operations involve hand tools, tractors with implements, or
some other form of moving equipment. Safe use of these tools and equipment is of
prime importance.
Most injuries can be prevented by simply following proper procedures and
manufacturer’s guidelines.

What is It

Safety Measures in Using Farm Tools According to Job Requirement

Hand tool injuries are common even though hand tool injuries are less severe
than power tool injuries. It is because people take farm tools for granted and they
forget to follow the simple precautions for safety.
• Use the right tool for the right task.
• Maintain edged tools sharpened.
• Replace or repair a defective tool.
• Store tools in a safe place.
• Regularly inspect tools to make sure they are in good shape and fit for use.
• Be aware of the people around you and make sure they stay clear of the tools
you are using.

Farm Field Equipment Safety Checklist

• Follow all manufacturer’s guidelines for operation and maintenance.
Employees should operate tractors only after receiving proper training. Make sure
training covers the operator’s manual when available and is communicated in a
language the operator will understand.

• Inspect the tractor for any unsafe conditions before operating.

• All repairs and adjustments to the implement shall be made with the tractor
and powered off.
• Dress appropriately. An untied shoelace, flowing long hair and stray threads
from an old shirt have led to horrendous injuries when operating farm
equipment. Dressing appropriately can mean reducing risk of such injuries.
• Survey the working area and mark off any hard-to-see or hidden hazards.
• Never allow riders on implements that are not designed for such use.
• Always keep your slow-moving-emblem (SMV) clean, visible and properly
mounted.

5 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson2
 What’s More

Directions: Supply the appropriate word/s on the blank to complete the

statement. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

defective hazard injuries maintenance sharpened unsafe

designed implement instruction safe task

1. Store tools in a __________ place.

2. Replace or repair __________ tools.
3. Maintain edged tools __________.
4. Use the right tool for the right__________.
5. Inspect the tractor for any __________ conditions before operating.
6. Dressing appropriately can mean reducing risk of such __________.
7. Follow all manufacturer’s guidelines for operation and __________.
8. Survey the working area and mark off any hard-to-see or hidden __________.
9. Never allow riders on implements that are not __________ for such use.
10. All repairs and adjustments to the __________ shall be made with the tractor
and powered off.

What I Can Do

Directions: From the given scenario, answer the guide questions on a separate sheet
of paper.

“You are asked to plant seedlings at the small vacant lot beside your house.
You are expected to use different tools and equipment that is kept in the
storage room for some time now”.

Guide Questions:
1. How will you know if the tools you are using are safe to use?
2. What are the things you are going to do before and after using the tools?
3. Why is it important to know safety measures while working with farm
tools and equipment?

Assessment

Directions: Identify the safety precautions being shown by the following pictures.
Write your answer on your answer sheet.
.
Issue/Problem Safety Precautions

1.
Unsharpened tools

6 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson2
 2.

Defective tools and

implements

3.
Unorganized and
misplaced tools

4.
Wearing any kind of
shirt you want

5. Continuous use of
tractor without
inspection.

What I Need to Know

Learning Competency: Use Farm Tools and Equipment

Learning Outcome 1: Select Farm Tools
1.4 Use of Farm tools
Code: TLE_AFHC7/8UT-0a-1

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
1. Identify the different uses of farm tools
2. Demonstrate the proper way on how different farm tools are used
3. Value the importance of knowing the uses of farm tools

What I Know

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Sprinkler is used for -

A. hauling water C. spraying insecticides and fertilizers
B. cutting tall grass and weeds D. watering seedlings and young plant
2. All tools are used for cutting EXCEPT
A. axe B. bolo C. rake D. sickle
3. A tool used for watering seedlings and young plants.
A. shovel B. spade C. sprinkler D. water pails
4. It is used to cut tall weeds and grasses or chopping branches of trees.
A. bolo B. crow bar C. knife D. pruning shears
5. Digging tools are crowbar, pick mattock, spade, and ________________.
A. grab hoe B. hand fork C. shovel D. sickle

7 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson3
 Lesson USE OF FARM TOOLS
3 Week 3
What’s New

Farm tools are two independent words joined together, Farm & Tools.

Farm is an area of land, together with a house and buildings, used for growing
crops and/or keeping animals as a business or home use. Tools on the other hand,
are a device or implement, especially one held in the hand, used to carry out a
particular function.
Farm tools are equipment that is used in the processes of land preparation.
These are mainly tools for trimming trees, weeds and shrubs, cultivators, rakes and
various hacksaws. So, it is important to know the right tools to be used in a particular
task.

What is It

Farm tools may vary according to its use. There may be many variations of
each tool available as well as many combination tools that can perform a number of
functions. That’s why using the appropriate tools for a given job is a big help to finish
the work on time. It is also important to categorize each tool in order to know its
uses. Here are some of its examples:

1. Cutting Tools. These are tools used in cutting branches and weeds in the
farm. Commonly used cutting tools are bolo, pruning shears, axe, knife and
sickle.

2. Digging Tools. Digging is one of gardening’s most basic tasks. Knowing the
range of digging tools available and what each of them is designed to do will
help you choose the right digging tool for the job. Frequently used digging
tools are crowbar, pick mattock, spade, and shovel.

3. Loosening Tools. Loosening your soil is essential for successful plants.

Basically, you want to decompress the top layers of soil crucial for plants to
thrive. In this way, you promote water penetration to the roots, letting the
soil breathe along with the organisms that work through it and conserving
soil moisture. This in turn promotes the development of young roots.
Example is a hand trowel.

4. Combination tools. Some of the tools like spading fork and light hoe which
are both used for digging and loosening soil, while others are used for
cultivation like hand fork and hand cultivator, rake is used for cleaning and
levelling the soil, grab hoe is used for pulverizing and breaking hard topsoil.
Sprinkler, water pails and sprayers are other tools used for applying
fertilizers and watering of plants

8 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson3
 What’s More

Directions: List all the farm tools and identify them according to their uses. Copy
the table below and write your answer on your answer sheet.

CUTTING DIGGING LOOSENING COMBINATION

TOOLS TOOLS TOOLS TOOLS

What I Can Do

Directions: You are asked to go to the garden at the back of your house and you are
instructed to do the following tasks. What particular farm tools are you
going to use? Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Digging canals _____________________________

2. Cutting tall grasses _____________________________
3. Watering the seedling and plants _____________________________
4. Removing weeds around the plant _____________________________
5. Cleaning the ground and levelling the top soil __________________________

Assessment

Directions: Complete the table below. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

USE/
TOOLS NAME USE/FUNCTION TOOLS NAME
FUNCTION

9 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson3
 What I Need to Know

Learning Competency: Use Farm Equipment

Learning Outcome 2: Proper maintenance of tools and Equipment
2.1 Farm Equipment
Code: TLE_AFHC7 /8UT-0b-2

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the learners, are expected to:
1. Identify farm equipment and its functions
2. Observe proper maintenance of farm tools and equipment
3. Recognize the importance of farm tools and equipment

What I Know

Directions: Compare and Contrast the two ideas given below using Venn Diagram.
Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Farm tools Farm equipment

10 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson4
 SELECT AND OPERATE FARM
Lesson
EQUIPMENT
4
Week 4

What’s New

Directions: Read the paragraph below. On a separate sheet of paper, write the
actions that you will take and the tools that you are going to use to
ready your school in the contest.

“Your school, Justice Eliezer R. Delos Santos National High School, is a

participant in the “Search for Best Gulayan sa Paaralan Implementers” and you are
assigned as the TLE Leader. You need to visit the existing vegetable garden and take
note of the things to improve and develop in order to produce vegetable for the school
garden.

Make a project plan on how to address your findings and perform the needed
actions by using the appropriate tools in the implementation of the plan.”

What is It

FARM EQUIPMENT

Farm Equipment are machineries used in horticultural operations especially

in vegetable production. They are used in land preparation and in transporting farm
inputs and products. This equipment needs a highly skilled operator to use.
Examples are hand tractor which is used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a
large area of land, the four-wheel tractor is used to pull disc plow and disc harrow in
preparing much bigger area
of land and water pumps are used to draw irrigation water from a source.

Pre-Operative Check Up of Farm Tools, Implements and Equipment

Imagine that it is the beginning of the school year and you are ready to start
working your vegetable gardens. But before that let us check first our tools,
implements and equipment you are going to use.
Armed with your working clothes and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Proceed to the shop to retrieve your tools so that you can start cleaning the tools
that you are going to use.

How to Clean Your Garden Tools

1. Shovel, spade, hoe, or even the blades on a hedge trimmer will be a lot
easier to use if you take a few minutes to knock some of the rust off the
blade.
2. Use clamping tool to hold garden tools into place while using whetstone
in sharpening the edge of the tools

11 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson4
 3. Apply a little lubricant oil to the end of the tool and carefully begin to
work from the stone over the blades it is used in the remaining any
pitting and rust that has formed at the edge of tools.
4. Moving parts of the tools like spring and pivot joints should disassemble
to remove rust and dirt. Use small tool with fine steel wool to all metal
surfaces and an old toothbrush with some lubricant oil, use medium
grit sandpaper to remove rust on larger tools such as shovel spade and
hoes.
5. Maintain the original bevel or angle when sharpening tools.
6. Working with a file, stabilize the blade in a vise or against a solid surface
to avoid injury and always push the file across the blade motion away
from your body.
7. When using file, do not use oil metal fillings because it will accumulate
and clog the file's serrations.
8. Farm implements like ordinary plow and wooden harrow should be
checked thoroughly before use.
9. Loosened bolts and nuts should be tightened firmly.
10. Disc plow and harrow should also be lubricated on their moving parts
like bearings.
11. Tractors should be tuned-up very well by a skilled operator who will
check the oil, lubricant, fuel and cooling system of tractors.
12. Tools that are worn-out should be separated and be fixed immediately
to avoid accident.

What’s More

Directions: List down at least five (5) common tools and equipment you see in the
farm and do a research on how to maintain them. Copy and answer the
table on your answer sheet.

Tools Proper Maintenance

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What I Can Do

Directions: Give five (5) examples of safety practices using farm equipment. Write
your answer on your answer sheet.

1. ________________________________________________________________________.
2. ________________________________________________________________________.
3. ________________________________________________________________________.
4. ________________________________________________________________________.
5._________________________________________________________________________.

12 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson4
 Assessment

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Use oil lubricants to avoid rust.

2. File does not use to maintain gardening tools.
3. You need to disassemble the farm tools before cleaning.
4. Changing the oil of your farm equipment every month is necessary.
5. Always checks the loosened nuts and bolts of farm tools every

What I Need to Know

Learning Competency: Use and Maintain Farm Tools and Equipment

Learning Outcome 3: Perform Preventive Maintenance
3.1 Discuss procedures in cleaning tools and equipment in line with farm
procedure immediately after use
3.2 Explain the steps in performing routine check-up and maintenance
operations
3.3 Store tools and equipment in designated areas
3.4 Observe how to sharpen and oil farm tools and equipment
Code: TLE_AFHC7 /8UT-0c-3

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Enumerate the procedures in cleaning farm tools and equipment
2. Clean and perform routine check-up and maintenance operations of farm
tools and equipment
3. Follow the steps accurately in performing routine check-up and
maintenance operations of farm tools and equipment

What I Know

Directions: Write AGREE if the statement is correct and DISAGREE if it is incorrect.

Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. A knife is sharpened by files.

2. A whetstone is used to sharpen shovel and bolo.
3. Oil can prevent the formation of rust in cutting tools.
4. Sandpaper is used to tighten bolts and nuts in shears.
5. Regular check-up of tools will help to prolong its serviceability.

13 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson5
 Procedures in cleaning farm tools
Lesson
and equipment
5
Week 5
What’s New

The best way to prolong serviceability of farm tools, equipment and materials
is through regular check-up. Preventive maintenance will reduce time and effort at
work, thus resulting in efficient operations.
What is It

PRE-OPERATIVE CHECK-UP OF FARM TOOLS, IMPLEMENTS AND

EQUIPMENT
Ways on How to Clean
A. Garden tools
1. Prepare all the materials needed to clean and sharpen the tools. Sand paper,
whetstone, oil and rags are the basic materials for cutting tools.
2. Sharpening:
a) Use whetstone to sharpen all cutting edges of farm tools.
b) Apply a few drops of oil or water to the stone.
c) Rub the sharp edge of the blade towards the stone in a curved motion.
d) Maintain the original factory bevel or angle.
e) When sharpening using file, do not use oil; metal fillings will
accumulate and clog the file serrations.
f) Always push the file across the blade in a motion away from the body.
g) Move the file diagonally, so that the cutting teeth are biting into the
metal on the tool.
3. Clamping:
a) Use bevel vise to clamp the tool into place at an angle.
b) Clamping tool into place with vises frees both hands and it gives more
control of what you are doing.
4. Disassemble:
a) Disassemble all moving parts of farm tool like springs and pivot joints.
b) Clean rust and dirt of all metal surfaces with a wire brush.
5. Apply lubricating oil to prevent the formation of rust.
6. Clean tools thoroughly and keep it in a dry place or tool cabinet.
7. Select a place in your shop where you can position your tools sturdily.
8. Maintain a 30-degree angle between stone and blade to form the ideal cutting
edge of tool.
9. Use medium grit sandpaper to remove rust on larger tools such as shovel,
spades and hoes.
10. Tools that are worn-out should be separated and be fixed immediately to
avoid accident.
B. Farm Equipment
1. Loose bolts should be tightened firmly.
2. Checked their oil, lubricant fuel and cooling system.
3. Tractors should also be tune-up very well by a skilled operator.
4. Apply lubricating oil for moving parts like in disc plow and harrow.
5. Ordinary plow and wooden harrow should be checked thoroughly before use.

14 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson5
How to Clean and Sharpen Pruning Tools
1. Prepare all the materials like steel wool, sandpaper, oil and file.
2. Disassemble all moving parts in pruning shears like springs and pivot joints.
3. Clean rust and dirt of all metal surfaces with a steel wool or sandpaper.
4. Apply a few drops of oil or water to the stone.
5. Rub the sharp edge of the blade using file towards the stone in a curved
motion.
6. Wipe the tools with clean cloth.
7. Check the pruning shears if it sharp by cutting the stem of plants.
8. Keep it in a dry place or tool cabinet.

What’s More

Directions: Supply the blank with the correct word to complete the statement. Your
choices are found inside the box. Write your answer on your answer
sheet.

A. Curved D. Rust
B. Dry E. Sharpen
C. Original F. Tune-up

1. Maintain the ____________factory bevel or angle.

2. Apply lubricating oil to prevent the formation of ____________.
3. Tractors should also be ____________very well by and skilled operator.
4. Rub the sharp edge of the blade towards the stone in a ____________motion
5. Clean tools thoroughly and keep it in a ____________ place of your tool cabinet.

What I Can Do

Directions: Complete the table below by providing the necessary information. Write
your answer on your answer sheet.

Classification
(clamping,
Name of
Pictures sharpening, Uses
tools
smoothing,
lubricating )

Bench vise 1. 2.

It is used for
smoothing or
3. 4. Smoothing tool forming objects,
especially of
metal.

15 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson5
 Oil 5. 6.

8.
7. Sand paper Sharpening tool

A fine-grained
stone used to
9. Whetstone 10.
sharpen any
cutting tools.

What I Need to Know

Learning Competency: Perform Estimation

Learning Outcome 4: Farm Inputs and Farm Labors
4.2 Estimate quantities of materials and resources required to complete a
work task
Code: TLE_AFHC7 /8MC-0d-e-4
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. Identify farm input and farm labor requirements
2. Apply skills learned in urban gardening
3. Share one’s knowledge and experience in farm inputs and farm labors

What I Know
Directions: Draw a check mark (✓) if the statement is a Fact and a cross mark (X)
if not. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Testing seeds before planting is essential to ensure that they will grow
properly.
2. Crops that are well fertilized should be supplied with adequate water for
effective use of fertilizer.
3. Applying adequate fertilizers, either organic or commercial, will enhance the
growth development of plants.
4. Proper land preparation and sowing of seeds before planting or transplanting
will ensure uniform growth and development of plants.
5. Insects, worms, and diseases are the prime friends of plants and should not
be eradicated.

16 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson6
 Lesson PERFORM ESTIMATION
6 Week 6

What’s New

Agricultural inputs are defined as products permitted for use in organic farming.
These agricultural inputs range from improved seed, fertilizers and crop protection
chemicals to machinery, irrigation, and knowledge. Seeds are critical to successful
crop production and inevitability, farm productivity and profitability. Fertilizer
supplies nutrients to the soil that are essential for growth.

Directions: Create a new word out of the given group of words. Write your answer
on your answer sheet.

1. fur mere = ____________________________

2. they grain falls = ____________________________
3. a reggae shown = ____________________________
4. fur the lie sir = ____________________________
5. plain thing = __________________________

What Is It
FARM LABOR
Farm inputs are the resources used in farm production such as chemicals,
equipment seeds and energy. They are also called “farm supplies”. On the other
hand, farm labor refers to work performed by farm worker in exchange for salary.

Farm inputs:
A. Fertilizer – these are chemicals or natural substances added to soil to
increase fertility.
Kinds of Fertilizer
1. Organic
Ex. Animal Manure - this include is all solid and liquid animal excreta
from chicken, carabao, cattle, horses and pigs.
2. Inorganic Fertilizer. Commercial fertilizer are plant nutrients made of
crude chemical compound which are presented in a concentrated and
valuable form. They may be either complete or incomplete fertilizer. A
complete fertilizer contains all three of the essential elements of plant
food- nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. An incomplete fertilizer
contains only one or two of these three elements
B. Seeds – a flowering plant’s unit of reproduction capable of developing into
another plant. Farmers should always test seeds to detect the seeds’ viability
to germinate.
C. Seedlings – these are young plants already grown from seeds.
D. Insecticides – these are chemical or natural substances used for killing
insects.
Activities done in the garden or farm:
1.Land requirements for land preparation
2.Land requirements for planting
3.Land requirements for plant care

17 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson6
LAND PREPARATION:

Plowing using a tractor Clearing the land Plowing using animal Harrowing
using using hoe hand tractor

Preparation of furrow Trellis preparation Mulching Digging holes for

orchard

LAND REQUIREMENT IN PLANTING:

Production of seedlings Transplanting

LAND REQUIREMENT FOR PLANT CARE:

Fertilizer application Pest control Irrigation Weeding Harvesting

What’s More
Directions: Put a smiley face if the statement is correct and a sad face
if the statement is wrong. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. Always use working clothes and personal protective equipment.

2. A whetstone is an ideal tool to keep all the cutting edges sharp.
3. Worn-out tools should be fixed immediately to avoid accident.
4. Farm implements like ordinary plow and wooden harrow should not be
checked before use.
5. Always push the file downward to the blade in a motion away from your body.

18 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson6
 What I Can Do
Directions: Create your own containerized garden at home using the indicated
materials. Take some pictures while you are doing this activity and send
it to your teacher. Your output will be graded according to the given
rubrics by your teacher

Materials Needed:
1. Empty bottled water (5000ml)
2. Soil
3. Animal manure
4. Scrap of vegetable and fruit peelings
5. Pile of dried leaves

Assessment

Directions: Identify the word being described in the following statements. Choose
your answer from the box. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Fertility Fertilizer Farm Input Farm Labor

Farm Supplies Harrowing Mulching Plowing

1. Farm input is also called __________.

Seedlings Seeds
2. Young plants already grown from a seed is called __________.
3. Fertilizers are chemicals added to the soil to increase __________.
4. Any materials added to the soil to support nutrients is called __________.
5. It refers to work performed by farm worker in exchange for salary.

What I Need to Know

Learning Competency: Interpret Irrigation Plans and Designs
Learning Outcomes 4: Perform Estimation and Basic Calculation
4.1 Identify job requirements
4.2 Estimate quantities of materials and resources required to complete
a work task
4.3 Estimate time needed to complete a work/activity
4.4 Make a cost estimate of materials and labor to complete a task

Code: TLE_AFHC7/8ID-0g-7

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. Cite the functions of irrigation system
2. Sketch the different designs of an irrigation system
3. Appreciate the value of designs of irrigation system for horticulture

19 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson7
 What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. These are the troughs that let the water flow through it.
A. crop B. furrows C. plants D. ridge
2. Water is applied to the field in either controlled or uncontrolled manner.
A. drip B. soil C. surface D. trickle
3. Water is applied in the form of sprays and sometimes simulating natural
rainfall.
A. erosion B. flows C. sprinkler D. well
4. Layout of the field that is elevated at different angles based on the type of soil.
A. field B. ridges C. sand D. trough
5. This is a type of surface irrigation where the field is divided into strips
separated by border.
A. basin B. border C. siphons D. surface

DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF
Lesson
IRRIGATION SYSTEM
7
Week 7

What’s New
Water required by crops is supplied by nature in the form of precipitation, but
when it becomes scarce, it is then necessary to supply it artificially, by irrigation.
Irrigation water management involves determining when to irrigate, the
amount of water to supply each irrigation event and during each stage of plant and
operating and maintaining the irrigation system.

Directions: Describe the system used in planting fruit trees. Write your answer on
your answer sheet.

A. Contour System D. Rectangular System

B. Hexagonal System E. Square System
C. Quincunx or Diagonal System

1. In this system, the trees are planted at the corners of an equilateral

triangle.
2. In this system of planting is alike to the square system except for
additional tree at the center of the square.
3. These trees are planted in four corners keeping the same distance between
rows and from plant to plant in the same row.
4. In this system, the trees are planted in the same way as in a square system
except the distance between the plants in the same row.
5. It is somehow similar to square system and rectangular system, but
contour lines are created in this type of system as guide for planting the
tree rows using a uniform slope at the right angles.

20 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson7
 What Is It

PRIMARY FUNCTION OF FARM IRRIGATION SYSTEM

The primary function of farm irrigation system is to supply crops with irrigation
water in the quantities and at the time it is needed.

Specific functions include:

1. Diverting water from the water source.
2. Conveying it to individual fields within the farm.
3. Distributing it within each field.
4. Providing a means for measuring and regulating flows.

Other functions of farm irrigation system include crop and soil cooling, protecting
crops from frost damage, delaying fruit and bud development, controlling wind
erosion, providing water for seed germination, application of chemicals, and land
application of wastes.

DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

1. SURFACE IRRIGATION. Water is applied to the field in either the controlled

or uncontrolled manner.
1.1 Furrow irrigation. Only a part of the land surface is wetted thus
minimizing evaporation loss.
A. Furrow irrigation by cutting the ridge. A ridge is the part
of the layout of the field that is elevated at different angles
based on the type of soil. This is actually where the plants
are planted. The furrows are the troughs that let the water
flow through it.

1.2 Border irrigation system is a type of surface irrigation where the

field is divided into strips separated by border ridges running down
the gradient of the field.

1.3 Basin irrigation system. In basin irrigation, water is flooded in

wider areas. It is ideal for irrigating rice.

Characteristics:
a. The area is normally flat.
b. a very high stream size is introduced into the basin so that
rapid movement of water is obtained.
c. Water does not infiltrate a lot initially.
d. At the end, a bond is put, and water can pond the field.
e. The opportunity time difference between the upward and the
downward ends are reduced.

2. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION. The sprinkler system is ideal in areas where water

is scarce. A Sprinkler system conveys water through pipes and applies it with
a minimum amount of losses.
Characteristics:
a. Water is applied in the form of sprays sometimes simulating natural
rainfall.

21 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson7
 b. The difference is that this rainfall can be controlled in duration and
intensity.
c. If well planned, designed, and operated, it can be used in sloping
land to reduce erosion where other systems are not possible.

3. DRIP OR TRICKLE IRRIGATION

Characteristics:
a. Water is applied directly to the crop and the entire field is not
wetted.
b. Water is conserved
c. Weeds are controlled because only the places getting water can
grow weeds.
d. There is a low-pressure system.
e. There is reduced evaporation, only potential transpiration is
considered.
f. There is no need for a drainage system

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANTING SYSTEMS:

Planting Systems are also known as Layout Systems which are ideal for planting
fruit crops.

1. Square System. The simplest and easiest type of planting system where trees
are planted in four corners that create a square shape. The distance between
rows are the same to the distance between plants in the same row.
2. Rectangular System. This planting system is somehow similar to square
system where trees are planted in four corners, but the distance between rows
are more than the distance between plants in the same row that create a
rectangular shape.
3. Quincunx System. It is also called as Diagonal System. This system of
planting is alike to the square system except for additional tree at the center
of the square.

Kinds of Trees in Quincunx System:

▪ Filler Crops. It is called Central Trees because it is found at the center of
the square. These are the trees with shorter life space. If these trees
hindered the full growth of main trees, it should be uprooted.
▪ Main Crops. It is also known as Main Trees because it should grow in full
size. These trees are found in the four corners of a square.

4. Triangle System. It is the system of planting where trees are planted in three
angles of a triangle which provides a wide space for planting trees.
5. Hexagonal System. It is otherwise known as Equilateral Triangular System.
The planting system which involves six trees planted in the corners of a
hexagon with an additional tree at the center where the distance between
tree to tree in six.
6. Contour System. The advisable system of planting for the hilly areas which
can avoid soil erosion. It is somehow similar to square system and
rectangular system, but contour lines are created in this type of system as
guide for planting the tree rows using a uniform slope at the right angles.

22 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson7
 What’s More

Directions: Write 5 functions of farm irrigation system. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.

What I Can Do

Directions: Compare the different designs of irrigation system using the chart below.
Copy the chart and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Different Designs of Irrigation System

Surface Sprinkler Drip or Trickle

Assessment
Directions: Read and analyze the statement below. Write TRUE is the statement is
correct and FALSE if it is not. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. A sprinkler system simulates natural rainfall.

2. In basin irrigation, water is flooded in wider areas.
3. The ridge are the troughs that let the water flow through it.
4. In drip or trickle irrigation system there is a need for a drainage.
5. A furrow is the part of the layout of the field that is elevated at different angles
based on the type of soil.

What I Need to Know

Learning Competency: Perform Estimation and Basic Calculation

Learning Outcome 5: Perform Basic Calculations
5.1 Identify calculations to be made according to job
requirements
5.2 Determine the correct method of calculation
5.3 Employ different techniques in checking the accuracy of
computation
Code: TLE_AFHC7 /8MC-0f-5

23 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson8
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. Identify the surface area of a triangle, square, rhombus and
parallelogram
2. Compute the surface area of the given geometric figures
3. Value the importance of calculating the surface area in performing
tasks in horticulture

What I Know

Directions: Read and understand each statement below then identify the word/s
that are being described. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. The length and width of this geometric figure is equal.

A. Parallelogram B. Rectangle C. Rhombus D. Square
2. This is the distance from the top corner to the opposite side called base.
A. Diameter B. Height C. Length D. Width
3. The surface area of this is calculated by multiplying the base and height.
A. Circle and Square C. Square and Rectangle
B. Rhombus and Parallelogram D. Triangle and Rectangle
4. Square and Rectangle’s surface area is calculated by multiplying its length
and __________.
A. Circumference B. Diameter C. Height D. Width
5. The surface area of this figure is calculated by multiplying its base, height
and 0.5.
A. Circle B. Rhombus C. Square D. Triangle

PERFORM ESTIMATION AND BASIC

Lesson
CALCULATION
8
Week 8
What’s New

It is important to be able to measure and calculate surface areas. It might be

necessary to calculate, for example, the surface area of the cross-section of a canal
or the surface area of a farm. The most common surface areas are triangle, rectangle,
square, circle, rhombus, parallelogram, and trapezium.

Triangle Rectangle Square Circle

24 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson8
 Rhombus Parallelogram Trapezium

h h h d

h h h

What Is It
Terminologies:

• Height (h) - the distance from a top corner to the opposite side called base
(b). A triangle, a rhombus, a parallelogram, and a trapezium have height
(h). The height is always perpendicular to the base; in other words, the
height makes a "right angle" with the base.
• Length (l) – commonly used instead of base for square and rectangle.
• Width (w) – commonly used instead of height for square and rectangle.
• Diameter (d) – the distance from one point of a circle to another point of a
circle which passes through the center of the circle.

TRIANGLE
The surface area or surface (A) of a triangle is calculated by the formula:

A (triangle) = 0.5 x base (b) x height (h)

Triangles can have many shapes but the same formula is used for all of them.

SQUARES AND RECTANGLES

The surface area or surface (A) of a square or a rectangle is calculated by the

formula:

A (square or rectangle) = length (l) x width (w)

In a square the lengths of all four sides are equal and all four angles are right
angles. In a rectangle, the lengths of the opposite sides are equal, and all four angles
are right angles.

25 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson8
RHOMBUSES AND PARALLELOGRAMS
The surface area or surface (A) of a rhombus or a parallelogram is calculated by
the formula:
A (rhombus or parallelogram) = base (b) x height (h)

In a rhombus, the lengths of all four sides are equal; none of the angles are right
angles; opposite sides run parallel.

In a parallelogram the lengths of the opposite sides are equal; none of the angles
are right angles; opposite sides run parallel.

What’s More

Directions: Find out if the words below are farm inputs, labor requirement for land
preparation, labor requirement in planting, or labor requirement for plant
care. Copy the table and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Clearing Harrowing Mulching Seeds

Digging holes Harvesting Pest control Transplanting
Fertilizers Insecticides Plowing Weeding
Furrow Irrigation Seedlings

What I Can Do

Directions: Study the figures below and calculate its surface area by identifying first
what is the value of its base and height or length and width. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Assessment

Labor
Farm Labor Requirements Labor Requirements
Requirements for
Inputs in planting for plant care
land preparation

26 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson8
Directions: Match the items in Column A with its name in Column B. Write the
letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B
1. length x width
2. d A. Trapezium
3. base x height B. Triangle
4. ½ x base x height C. height
D. Square and Rectangle
E. base
F. Rhombus and Parallelogram
5. G. Diameter
H. Length
6. It is perpendicular to the base I. Circle
7. A common unit used to measure the J. width
base of a rectangle. K. radius
8. It is the measure from top to base of a
Figure.

9.
10. Instead of height in square

What I Need to Know

Learning Competency: Perform Estimation and Basic Calculation
Learning Outcomes 4: Perform Estimation and Basic Calculation
1.1 Wetted Cross Canal Section
1.2. Dimension of Cross-Section
1.3. Determination of the surface area of a farm
Code: TLE_AFHC7/8ID-0g-7
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. determine the surface area of a farm.
2. follow the formula in calculating the surface area and dimensions
of a wetted cross-section of a canal; and
3. appreciate the importance of calculating the surface area of a farm.

What I Know
DIRECTIONS: Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is correct and
F if not. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. A hectare is equal to 100, 000 square meters.
2. Wetted cross-section canal looks like a cross shape.
3. The height or depth of the water in the canal means from the bottom of
the canal to the water level.
4. There are field that has an irregular in shape. In this case, the field
should be divided in several regular areas.
5. It is necessary to determine the surface area of a famers field when
calculating how much irrigation water should be given to a certain field.

27 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson9
 Lesson CROSS-SECTION OF A CANAL
9 Week 9

What’s New
The most common shape of a canal cross-section is a trapezium or, more truly,
an "up-side down" trapezium.

It may be necessary to determine the surface area of a farmer's field. For

example, when calculating how much irrigation water should be given to a certain
field, the size of the field must be known. The shape field maybe regular o irregular
shape. If the shape field is irregular the field should be divided in several regular
areas such as square, rectangle, triangle, etc.

What Is It
WETTED CROSS-SECTION OF A CANAL

Cross-section or wetted cross-section also has a trapezium shape and the formula
to calculate its surface area is:

SURFACE AREA OF THE WETTED CANAL CROSS-SECTION = 0.5 (base + top

line) x water depth = 0.5 (b + a1)

Where:

base (b) = bottom width of the canal

top line (a1) = top width of the water level
water depth (h1) = the height or depth of the water in the canal

28 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson9
Example:
Calculate the surface area of the wetted cross-section of the canal.

Given:

Canal wetted cross-section:

Base (b) = 1.25m

Top line (a1) = 3.25m
Water depth (h1) = 1.00m

Solution:

A = 0.5 x (b + a1) x h1
= 0.5 x (1.25m + 3.25m) x 1.00m

= 0.5 x (4.50m) x 1.00m

= 0.5 x 4.5sqm

Final Answer: A = 2.25sqm

DETERMINATION OF THE SURFACE AREA OF A FARM

It may be necessary to determine the surface area of a farmer's field. For

example, when calculating how much irrigation water should be given to a certain
field, the size of the field must be known.

When the shape of the field is regular and has a rectangular shape, it should not
be too difficult to calculate the surface area once the length of the field and the width
of the field have been measured.

29 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson9
FIELD OF REGULAR SHAPE

50 meters

Example No.1:

Given: Answer:

Length of the field =50 m Formula: A = length x width

Width of the field = 30 m Solution: 50 m x 30 m

Final Answer: 1500 m2

Example No.2:

Question: What is the area of the same field, expressed in hectares?

Answer: A hectare is equal to 10 000 m. Thus, the formula to calculate a surface

area in hectares is:

Surface area in square meters (m2)

SURFACE AREA IN HECTARES (ha) = _____________________________________
10,000

In this case: Area of the field in ha = 1500m2 = 0.15ha

10,000

30 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson9
More often, however, the field shape is not regular, as shown in Figure below.

FIELD OF IRREGULAR SHAPE

In this case, the field should be divided in several regular areas (square,
rectangle, triangle, etc.).

Division of irregular field into regular areas:

Computation of each area of the field above.

Surface area of the square As = length x width = 30 m x 30 m = 900 m2

(As)
Surface area of the rectangle Ar = length x width = 50 m x 15 m = 750 m2
(Ar)
Surface area of the triangle At = 0.5 x base x height = 0.5 x 20 m x 30 m
(At) =300 m2
Total surface area of the field A = As + Ar + At = 900 m2 + 750 m2 + 300 m2
(A)
Final Answer: 1950 m2

31 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson9
 What’s More

A. Calculate the surface area of the wetted cross-section. Write your answer on
your answer sheet.

1. Canal wetted cross-section:

base (b) = 1.75 m
top line (a1) = 3.75 m
water depth (h1) =1.00 m

2. Canal wetted cross-section:

base (b) = 1.5 m
top line (a1) = 3.5 m
water depth (h1) =1.00 m

What I Can Do

Directions: Read and analyze the problem and solve for what is needed. Write your
solution and your answer on your answer sheet.

1. During ECQ, Mr. Tumbaga and his son planted vegetables on their
vacant lot. Find the surface area of the lot to be planted with
vegetables, if the size of the vacant lot is 45 meters long and 25 meters
wide?
2. Find the surface area of a wetted cross-section canal, if its base and
top line are 1.25 meters and 3.25 meters respectively and has a depth
of 1 meter?

Assessment

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write your answer on your answer
sheet.

1. A hectare is equal to _____ square meters.

2. It is from the bottom of the canal to the water level.
3. The most common shape of wetted cross-section canal
4. If the field has an irregular shape, what should you do in several regular
areas?
5. This is necessary to determine how much irrigation water should be given to
a certain field.

32 DO_Q3_TLE-Horticulture7_Lesson9
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pocket-guide.html
▪ K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum: Technology and Livelihood Education –
Horticulture. Department of Education - Pasig City, Metro Manila. Pages 8-
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▪ Victor V. Intacto. n.d. "Horticulture Exploratory Grade 7 & 8." Department of
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▪ 10 Safety Tips To Remember About Farm Equipment, Accessed October
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safety
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system/
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https://www.scribd.com/document/441837434/Safety-Measures-in-Using-
Farm-Tools-According-to-Job-Requirement-docx
▪ Sebastian. Self-taught DIY-err, Exeter, accessed November 10,2020
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▪ Scribd accessed November,11,2020
▪ Tools Used for Digging the Soil, accessed November 11,2020
▪ https://www.scribd.com/document/317349520/Defects-of-Farm-Tool-and-
Remedies
▪ https://www.scribd.com/document/317349520/Defects-of-Farm-Tool-and-
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▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vROuLbOuYq0

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO Valenzuela

Office Address: Pio Valenzuela Street, Marulas, Valenzuela City
Telefax: (02) 8292-4340
Email Address: [email protected]
33