Drama came from the greek word dram which means to act or to do , because drama is basically a prose ,by

the
way the word na prose it refers to any written work that follows a basic grammatical structure example ana ang
fiction ug non fiction ug fiction, so again drama is basically a a prose composition that present a story that is
intended to be acted on a stage before an audience , but with these innovation or new idea , drama can no bee seen
on Like Television,Radio , Social Media ,And even in facebook and Netflix .
Drama is a special type of fiction depicted in performance: a play, opera, mime, ballet,
and so on, whether performed in a theatre or on radio or television.
A drama is the portrayal of imaginary or non-fictional events via the performance of written discourse
(either prose or poetry) in literature. Dramas can be seen on stage, in films, or on the radio. Dramas
are commonly referred to as plays, and their authors are referred to as "playwrights" or "dramatists."
Playwrights aim to gradually build the audience's feelings of tension and anticipation as the plot
progresses in order to make their plays dramatic. As the audience wonders, "What happens next?"
dramatic suspense grows." as well as forecasting the outcomes of those occurrences. For example, in
a mystery, dramatic tension rises throughout the plot until an exciting or unexpected conclusion is
revealed.
Dramas rely primarily on spoken conversation to enlighten the audience about the characters'
emotions, personalities, goals, and ambitions. Because the audience witnesses characters in a drama
living out their experiences without any explanation from the author, playwrights frequently use
soliloquies and asides to build dramatic tension.

In Drama there are element of literary like : Direction,Acting , Editing , Set

Direction or The Director is in command of the entire dramatic performance. He gives instructions to
the performers and everyone else engaged in the production, from the production assistants to the
cameramen, propsmen, effects men, designer, writers, editors, and cinematographers. And one of the
Example Filipino Outstanding Director is Lino he is widely considered as one of the most important
and significant filmmakers in Philippine film history. He was a member of the Coalition for the
Restoration of Democracy and co-founded the organization Concerned Artists of the Philippines
(CAP), which was dedicated to assisting artists in addressing concerns plaguing the country.And one of
the Famous movie that he create Cain at Abel and Ang tatay kong Nanay .
Editing is the art and craft of cutting and assembling finished film is known as film editing. A film
editor completes the director's concept of the film by doing this work. An editor's creative decisions
are usually a blend of what they believe is best for the picture and what the director (and producers)
want for the finished product. Aspects of cinema editing, which are mostly done after post-
production, can include physical strips of celluloid film, digital files, or both. The Editor arranges the
scenes to be shown in such a way that they form a coherent whole. Like a newspaper editor who
removes unnecessary words from news articles, he removes unnecessary scenes, particularly those
that are obscene or offensive. There was no editing in the beginning of film. It was a single shot from a
single stationary camera. The attraction with a "moving image" was sufficient, and exploiting the
medium to produce fictitious stories remained a few years away. Even back then, film editing was as
simple as cutting from one scene to the next. There are several editing techniques available now that
have changed over time to generate new forms of cinematic language. These strategies, as seen in the
video above, are simple to implement yet may have dramatic implications on visual storytelling and
how the audience consumes information.
Set Design that the Set designer does the layout of the set. He determines what to place as backdrop
and what to put on stage .
Cinematography is the art of photographing and visually telling a story in a film or television
broadcast. Lighting, framing, composition, camera motion, camera angles, film selection, lens options,
depth of field, zoom, focus, color, exposure, and filtration are all examples of cinematography.

The skill of capturing and visually portraying a story in a film or television broadcast is known as
cinematography. Cinematography includes lighting, framing, composition, camera motion, camera
angles, film choices, lens options, depth of field, zoom, focus, color, exposure, and filtration.And there
are duties of Cinamatographer in Film : Choose a visual style for the film , Establishes the Camera
Set Up for everyshot ,Determines the lightning for every scene .Explores the potential of every
location ,Attends Rehearsal and Elevate the Vision of the Director .
The production designer, like the set designer for a stage play, is entrusted with creating the overall
design for a drama to be shown on television. or the large screen. A production designer has a greater
duty than a set designer because his work is not restricted to a studio, a room, or the stage, but cover
nila na place a large province or small town
A costume designer creates the costumes used by actors and actresses. As a fashion designer makes
stylish clothes for his target market, a costume designer ensures that the outfits fit the characters or
to be depicted by the performers.
Make Up artist who the one responsibilities include designing each character's look, applying
makeup products on actors' faces and bodies and using prosthetics to create special makeup effects.
Properties in Film or in other Words a prop, also known as (theatrical) property, is an object used by
actors on stage or on screen during a performance or film production. In practice, a prop is defined as
anything moveable or portable on a stage or set, as opposed to the performers, scenery, costumes,
and electrical equipment.
Lighting or Lighting Effects the direction, quality, source, or color of light in a film is referred to as
lighting. These various aspects interact to direct our attention, produce texture or visual impact, and
create an atmosphere. The path of light relates to where the light source originates and where it
lands.

Visual Effect -is the person in charge of creating visuals that are not normally captured by the camera
in order to make the scenes effective, thrilling, and appealing to the viewers.

Theme music is a musical composition which is often written specifically for radio
programming, television shows, video games, or films and is usually played during the title
sequence, opening credits, closing credits, and in some instances at some point during the
program. Musical themes can make an audience feel as though they're in the past, or far in
the future. Music can convey feelings, even the deepest and most difficult to explain emotions
can be understood by an audience in less than a minute with the proper musical theme.

Musical Score music that accompanies a specific scene or time in the film is referred to as
the score. One or more composers would collaborate closely with the film, customizing their
original instrumental pieces to what's happening on screen.
The script contains the dialogue or lines that the actors must memorize. It also includes instructions
from the director. The creator of the plot is frequently the scriptwriter; in this case, the two work
together to create the drama an efficient medium for transmitting ideas and feelings, as well as
entertaining the audience or movie-going public.

Many people, particularly Filipinos, have preconceived notions about dramas. Two of these are that a
drama will make you cry and that a comedy will make you laugh. Not all dramas are serious and make
the audience cry, whereas comedies, which are dramatic forms, make the audience laugh. Not all
comedies are humorous since others are primarily serious. To dispel these myths, a reader (drama as
a literary art) or watcher (drama as a performing art) must be well-versed in the many types of drama.
Tragedies, comedies, tragicomedies, farces, melodrama, religious plays, historical plays, and so on are
examples.

Comedy is a type of drama that is written to be entertaining or amusing for the audience.For
Example : The television show Seinfeld is considered a comedy. This sitcom follows the lives
of four friends and the humorous situations they encounter together.

Tragedy: A tragedy is a type of drama that can be described as serious in nature and often
includes a catastrophic ending. For Example : William Shakespeare’s famous play Romeo
and Juliet is an example of a tragedy. In this play, two young children fall in love and feel the
need to hide this from their parents due to their feuding families. However, their rash thinking
leads them to their ultimate deaths.

Farce is a subcategory of comedy. Theses low comedies include ridiculous and slapstick
comedic situations in order to create humor for the audience.For an Example :
The movie Dumb and Dumber is an example of a farce. This movie follows the story of two
caricatures on a mission to return a briefcase to a beautiful lady. Throughout the film the two
encounter several ridiculous and crude situations.

Melodrama: While it originally referred to dramas that included accompanying music,

Musical dramas refer to plays in which characters engage in dialogue but also include
scenes in which the passion of the character is so great he expresses himself in song.

Religious drama is drama that serves to replicate a biblical event or to teach a religious truth
or truths.

Historical play - A historical play, like a religious play, serves to reenact a historical event
that has a significant impact on the lives of the viewers.

History in Drama. The earliest recorded theatrical event dates back to 2000 B.C., with Ancient Egypt's
passion plays. The Story of Osiris was presented annually during festivals throughout the civilization,
indicating the known beginning of a long link between theater and religion.In Greek Period the origins
of western theater are unknown, but the oldest preserved plays are from ancient Greece. Most
philologists assume that Greek theater arose from staged religious choral performances held during
Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and fertility, festivities. The tragic and satyr plays were always
performed at the festival (City Dionysia) as part of a series of four performances (tetralogy): the first,
second, and third plays were a dramatic trilogy based on related or unrelated mythological events,
and the final performance was a satyr play, a lighter play with enhanced celebratory and dance
elements. The performances lasted many hours and took place during the day. The Roman era. The
Greek heritage profoundly affected ancient Roman theater. Roman dramatists, like writers in other
literary genres, adapted and translated from Greek. For example, Senecas' "Phaedra" was based on
Euripides' "Hippolytus," and the comedies of Plautus and Terence were direct re-elaborations of
Menader's Works. In comparison to Greek theater, Roman theater was more concerned with
aesthetic appeal. War was more regularly depicted on stage than in Greek drama, where it was more
commonly discussed.
The Medieval Period. Theater was reborn in the Middle Ages as liturgical dramas, composed in Latin
and dealing with Bible stories, and performed by priests or church members. Then came vernacular
play, which was performed in town squares or other parts of the city and was spoken in the vulgate
(the language of the people as opposed to Church Latin). Theatrical activities, notably comedies,
flourished in Italy, England, and Spain during the 16th and early 17th centuries. The stage was simple
in the beginning of this period; however, by the end of the period, more elaborate theaters were built
to meet the needs of the actors and the viewers.Drama was not only played live on stage during the
modern period, but it was also appreciated through the mediums of radio, television, and cinema.
Stage performers have moved on to television and cinema, which have larger audiences and more
income than the stage.
In Drama there are Local Dramatist and Film Artist :
Avellana , Daisy H - She was a writer and actress, known for A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino
(1965), Pag-asa (1951) and Sakay (1939). She was previously married to Lamberto V.
Avellana. She died on 12 May 2013 in Manila, Philippines.
Lamberto Avelllana was a prominant film and theatre director, he directed more than 70
films in a career that spanned six decades Avellana was awarded the title National Artist of
the Philippines for theatre and film in 1976.
Bernal Ismael Hailed as "the genius of Philippine cinema," Ishmael Bernal's works are
regarded as masterpieces of contemporary Philippine cinema and well-crafted critiques of
social realities in the Philippines.
Salvador Bernal, National Artist for theater design, whose groundbreaking work for the
Philippine stage earned him the title “Father of Philippine Stage Design,” has died.
Gerardo de Leon's films include adaptations of two Jose Rizal books, Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as Sisa, Hanggang sa Dulo ng Daigdig, Huwag Mo Akong Limutin, The Moises
Padilla Story, and Ang Daigdig ng mga Api.
The play "THE WORLD IS AN APPLE," written by ALBERTO FLORENTINO, was chosen the most
popular/most performed play in the Philippines. Among his playbooks are THE WORLD IS AN APPLE
and Other Prize Plays; The Portable FLORENTINO; Memento Mori; Sangyugto; Panahon ng Digma; and
From Book to Stage.

Poe , Ronald Allan K His long and successful career as an action star earned him the
nickname "Da King" (i.e. the "King of Philippine movies"). He also wrote, directed, and
produced several of the films he starred in—under the pseudonyms Ronwaldo Reyes and
D'Lanor. Fernando Poe Jr.
Reyes Severino Reyes is widely regarded as the "Father of Filipino Drama," not only for his well-
known zarzuelas, Spanish-influenced works of dramatic musical theater, but also for his now-classic
collection of Tagalog stories. On this day in 1861, Severino Reyes was born in the Philippine capital of
Manila.
Eddie Romero is a Filipino filmmaker who began his career during the '40s when Philippines
was collasping after the World War II. He made low budget horror and sci-fi movies that
include Brides of Blood, Beast of Blood and The Twilight People.

Ronaldo Tinio Among his many works for the theater are Larawan, the musical, Ang
Mestisa, Ako, Ang Kiri, Ana Maria and the komedya Orosman at Zafira. He was known for
translating Western classics, which includes the works of Shakespeare, Ibsen, Sophocles,
Chekhov and Puccini into Filipino.

Aurelio Tolentino (1869-1915) is best known as the first nationalist dramatist who spent time in prison
for his mutinous writings. His five published books depict the sociopolitical struggle of early
twentieth-century Filipinos through the eyes of a versatile novelist.
Foreign Dramatists and Film Artists
Sophocles, with Aeschylus and Euripides, one of classical Athens’s three great tragic
playwrights. The best known of his 123 dramas is Oedipus the King.
Aeschylus, the first of classical Athens’ great dramatists, who raised the emerging art of
tragedy to great heights of poetry and theatrical power.
Eugene O’Neill, foremost American dramatist and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature
in 1936. His masterpiece, Long Day’s Journey into Night (produced posthumously 1956)
Samuel Beckett, author, critic, and playwright, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in
1969. He wrote in both French and English and is perhaps best known for his plays
Henrik Ibsen, major Norwegian playwright of the late 19th century who introduced to the
European stage a new order of moral analysis that was placed against a severely realistic
middle-class background.
Molière, French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy.
Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against
him.

Euripides, last of classical Athens’s three great tragic dramatists, following Aeschylus and
Sophocles. It is possible to reconstruct only the sketchiest biography of Euripides.
Friedrich Schiller, leading German dramatist, poet, and literary theorist, best remembered
for such dramas as Die Räuber (1781; The Robbers), the Wallenstein trilogy (1800–01), Maria
Stuart (1801)
Anton Chekhov, Russian playwright and master of the modern short story. He was a
literary artist of laconic precision who probed below the surface of life, laying bare the secret
motives of his characters.
Barrie Sir James . J.M. Barrie, in full Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, (born May 9,
1860, Kirriemuir, Angus, Scotland—died June 19, 1937, London, England), Scottish dramatist
and novelist who is best known as the creator of Peter Pan, the boy who refused to grow up.
Dryden , John (1631 -1700 ) An English dramatist and essayist , he wrote “ The Marriage a La Mode , “
a comedy “ All for Love , “ a tragedy .
Shakespeare , William (1564-1616) Considered as the greatest dramatist of all time , Shakespeare
produced tragedies , comedies and histories that have become literary classics . His tragedies include
“ Romeo and Juliet “
Shaw , George Bernard (1856-1950) A Modern satirical dramatist , Shaw wrote “ Pygmalion, ‘ Saint
Joan , “ and “ Man and Superman .”