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ARTS APPRECIATION
PREPARED BY: NINO JAN G. OLAIVAR, MAT/ TERESA EUFAN, LPT
CRISTINE C. DANAN/ ARREANE JANE ENCLONAR

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Arts Appreciation

Course Overview
This course pack is designed for educational administrators, school heads and
teachers. It aims to promote and provide significant information and concept which
helps the students to develop the ability to appreciate, analyze and critique works of art.
Through interdisciplinary and multimodal approaches, this course equips students with
a broad knowledge of the practical, historical, philosophical and social relevance of the
arts in order to hone students’ ability to articulate their understanding of the arts. This
course also develops students’ competency in researching and curating art as
conceptualizing, mounting and evaluating art productions. Above all, this course aims
to develop students’ genuine appreciation for Philippine arts by providing them
opportunities to explore the diversity and richness and their rootedness in Filipino
culture.
In order for learners to gain competency in this course, this course pack has
been structured into five modules as follow:
Module 1: Introduction to Arts Appreciation
Module 2: Painting and Photography
Module 3: Sculpture and Architecture
Module 4: Music and Pop Art
At the end completion of this course pack, learners should be able to:
• Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation of arts in general,
including their function, value and historical significance;
• Situate Philippine arts in a global context;
• Analyze and appreciate works of art based on aesthetic value,
historical context, tradition and social relevance;
• Create their own works of art and curate their own production or
exhibit;
• Utilize art for self-expression and for promoting advocacies;
• Discover and deepen their identity through art with respect to their
nationality, culture and religion, and;
• Develop art appreciation of the local arts.
Students in this course are highly encourage to learn all the lessons provided in
every module. You must strive to explore the beauty of this course and work on all
activities and exercises provided in every lesson, so that at the end of this course you
can internalize and apply the important concepts necessary for learning and living.
Therefore, in order to make this learning experience more profitable and
nurturing. You must study this course pack with self-determination and eagerness to
learn without mediocrity. Your success lies beneath on every decisions and effort you
will make in life!
Good Luck and God Bless You!

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………………………………….. 1
Course Overview…………………………………………………….. 2
Table of Contents……………………………………………………. 3
Module 1: Introduction to Arts Appreciation
Module Overview …………………………………………….. 4
Lesson 1: The Creation of Arts and Its Functions…………. 5
Lesson 2: Art’s Purpose……………………………………. 9
Lesson 3: Classification of Art…………………………….. 13
Lesson 4: Aesthetic Arts and Crafts……………………….. 19
Lesson 5: Principles of Artistic Design and Composition…. 23
Module Assessment…………………………………………… 29
Module Summary……………………………………………... 33
References…………………………………………………….. 34

Module 2: Painting and Photography

Module Overview …………………………………………….. 35
Elements of Painting………………………………………. 36
Mediums in Painting………………………………………. 39
Origin of Photography and its types………………………. 45
Elements of Good Photography…………………………… 48
Module Assessment…………………………………………... 52
Module Summary…………………………………………….. 55
References……………………………………………………. 56

Module 3: Sculpture and Architecture

Module Overview……………………………………………. 57
Origin and importance of Sculpture………………………. 58
Types of Sculpture and its Medium and Techniques……... 62
Definition and Types of Architecture…………………….. 67
Elements of Architecture…………………………………. 71
Module Assessment………………………………………….. 76
Module Summary…………………………………………….. 79
References……………………………………………………. 80

Module 4: Music and Pop Art

Module Overview…………………………………………….. 81
Origin and Importance of Music………………………….. 82
Elements of Music………………………………………... 86
Different Music Genres…………………………………... 89
Brief History of Pop Art……………………...................... 92
Key Characteristics of Pop Art…………………………… 97
Module Assessment………………………………………….. 101
Module Summary…………………………………………….. 104
References……………………………………………………. 106

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Module Overview

Introduction to Arts
Appreciation

In this Module
The Creation of Arts and its Functions
Art’s Purpose
Classification of Art
Aesthetic Arts and Crafts
Principles of Artistic Design and Composition

The historical development of art is an important input that the learner should know.
By exploring its continuous progress through time, it nurtures the mind of every young
individuals to get acquainted and become more appreciative to the diverse expressions
and ways in doing arts. Furthermore, this module will become a helping medium or tool
to the learners in order to awaken their interest in expressing their lives through arts.
This module accelerates their intention to become more active in dealing with arts
through discovering their hidden talents and capabilities.

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

Identify the classifications on various forms of art;
Determine the purpose and function of an artwork;
Trace the creation of arts through its significant phases;
Analyze a work of art based on the principles of artistic design and
composition; and
Create an artwork anchored on the different types of arts and crafts.

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The Creation of Arts &

Its Functions

Objectives:

identify the different functions of arts; and

explain the importance of arts in our daily lives.

Introduction:

Hi! Welcome to our first lesson! In this module you are going to
navigate, analyze and comprehend the creation of arts and its functions and
how does arts affect human lives as a whole. You are expected to
accomplish all the activities provided forthis lesson.

Activity:

My Most Favorite Thing

Instruction: Look at your surroundings. Find a thing or an object that you like the most. Explain why that
thing is precious for you.

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. Do you think that certain thing is can be considered a work of art?

2. How do you define art?

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Abstraction:

The Creation of Arts

The word “art” is from a Latin “arti”, which means craftsmanship,

inventiveness, mastery of form, skill. It includes literature, music, paintings,
photography, sculpture, etc. It serves as an original record of human needs and
achievements. It usually refers to the so-called “fine arts” (e.g., graphics, plastic, and
building) and to the so-called “minor arts” (everyday, useful, applied, and decorative
arts). It is the process of using our senses and emotions in making creative activities
(Marcos, 2010). It is a human capability to make things beautiful (e.g., buildings,
illustration, designing, painting, sculpture, and Photography) through the production of
his/her imagination depending on the preparation, theme, medium, and values used.
Significantly, the word artist comes from the French word artiste and the Spanish
artista, which means “performer.” It is someone who creates art that is merely trades
and professions by which different people make their livings (Goines, 2004).
Artist is most often refers to those who create within a context of the fine arts such
as acting, dancing, drawing, filmmaking, painting, sculpture, writing, photography, and
music. They are those who use imagination, and a skill to construct works that may be
judged to have aesthetic importance. Creativity is a characteristic of an artist that
progressed in the extent of his/her life to express feelings. These are all processed in
three significant phases namely: Creation of Forms; Creation of Ideas; and Creation
of the Materials (Sanchez, 2011).
a. The Creations of ideas. Artists are usually impressionable persons. They used
their experiences as their basis in the making of dance, picture, a poem, or a
play or a song. For example, a composer may write a song on the developing
romance between a man and a woman, or on the pains of a broken-hearted.

b. The Creations of the Materials. The artist uses different materials or mediums
to give form to an idea. For example, a painter uses pigments; a sculptor uses
wood, metal or stone; an author uses words; and a composer who uses musical
sounds to determine the notes.

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c. The Creations of Forms. There are diverse forms used by the artists in
expressing their ideas. It is a medium of artistic expression recognized as fine
art. This form is used to explain the physical nature of the artwork like in metal
sculpture, an oil painting, etc.

Functions of Arts
From the very beginning, arts have been part of human history. It described,
defined, and deepened the human experience. In the Prehistoric period for example,
peoples performed songs and dances to gratify their ancestors. Likewise, hunters
brushed different figures on the walls of caves to depict their day to day experiences.
Arts also serve several functions which are item outcome to its purpose (Menoy, 2009),
namely:
1. Individual Function- The artists perform arts because of the passion of their
respective art forms. A singer presents a concert for free because of his
advocacy and the love of singing. For example, Regine Velaquez (Asia’s
Songbird) is well-known for possessing extensive vocal range.

2. Social Function- Man associates with others through his art performance that
arouses social consciousness. Examples of this association are the choral
singing, group dancing, public art exhibits and other practices.

3. Economic Functions- Arts are emerging as a potent force in the economic life
of people assumes an essential role as a direct and indirect contributor to state
economies. Example of this is by generating economic vitality in under-
performing regions through crafts, tourism, and cultural attractions.

4. Political Functions- Art provides a forum for ideas that will lead to
employment, prestige, status, and power. During election period, for example,
the candidates created their artworks (poster) which expresses their propaganda,
agendas and political views about making a stable society.

5. Historical Functions- Art is an essential technique for information to be

recorded and preserved. It serves to document or reconstruct historical figure
and events. Most arts that are in Museums, for example, are filled with amazing
stories about the world most excellent and most creative people who brought us
the treasures. By looking at a work of art’s colors, materials, and symbolism,
we can learn about the story and culture that produced it in the past.

6. Cultural Functions- Art is an articulation and transmission of new information

and values. Example, when you think of Manila, you probably think of Fort
Santiago, Luneta Park, and its world-renowned churches, or the famous
Intramuros.

7. Physical Functions- Buildings are artistically designed and constructed to

protect their occupants and make their life inside more meaningful. Architects,

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Industrial and Graphic Designers, and Interior Decorators share responsibility

in building environment that balance forms and functions.

8. Aesthetic Functions- Any artwork means beauty. It is visual spice for gracefully
adorned interiors and can bring out the most elegant features of different décor
elements. It reasonably reproduced visual images which communicate through
fantastic persuasions and meaningful words.

Application:
Instruction:
a. In your own words, explain the creation of arts based on its three
phases. Write your answer on your journal.
b. Choose two among the following artistic works below and identify
the function/s it portrays and explain it in a brief and concise
manner. Write your answer on your journal.

Illustration A Illustration B

Tiffany B Chanel, Paola, 2016. Bansky, 2010

Illustration C Illustration D

Teddi Parker, 2020 Josh McKenna, 2019

Congratulations! You have just successfully finished Lesson 1! In the next

lesson, you will learn art’s purpose to its viewers especially to its artist or artisan. If
you have question and clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 2
Art’s Purpose

Objectives:
identify the purpose of an artwork; and
create your own artistic work showing the six purposes of an artwork.

Introduction:

Hello! In this lesson you are going to explore the purpose of art through its
different aspects and how does these help us nurture our day to day experiences by
engaging ourselves through artistic works. You are encouraged to draw or to make a
work of art and express the meaning of it.

Activity:
Artwork Analysis

Instruction: Look at the artwork below and describe what you see in
three (3) sentences

Rembrandt, detail of old woman reading 1655

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Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. Do you think this work of art expresses beauty?

2. Have you seen this artwork in different places like, home, school or
church?

3. What truth does it reveal to you?

4. What message does it communicate with its viewers?

5. What particular experience can you relate in the artwork?

6. Does this artwork promote harmony?

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Abstraction:

Purpose of Art

Creativity or imagination is the primary basis of art. Art is created when

an artist produces a stimulating experience that is considered by his audience to have
artistic merit. The artwork is the visual expression of an idea or experience of an artist,
through the use of a medium (Frank, 2011). It allows expression of the individuality of
the artist. Through artistic endeavors, we can share what is important to us with others
and can learn about the values of feelings of those sharing art with us. Some purposes
of art are the following (Marcos et al., 2011).

1. Create Beauty- Art is an expression of our thoughts, emotions, and

intuitions.It is the communication of concepts that cannot be faithfully
portrayed by words alone. The Artist has considered nature as the standard of
beauty. The example of beauty can be in a snowy mountain scene, and the art
is the photograph of it shown to the family.
2. Provide Decoration- Artworks are used to create a pleasing environment. It
is intended to beautify things to please and amuse the viewers through its
colorsand patterns.
3. Reveal Truth- Artwork helped to pursue truth and attempted to reveal
abouthow the world works. It is a kind of language that allows artists to
send a message to the souls of the recipients that help change their
attitudes, their sensibility, and their ethics.
4. Express Values- Arts can illuminate our inner lives and enrich our
emotionalworld. Through arts, the artist will be encouraged to develop their
creativity,challenge, and communication skills. It also promotes self- esteem
and wellness.
5. Commemorate Experience- Art serves to convey the personal experiences
ofan artist and record his impression in his work.
6. Create Harmony- An artist makes use of the composition to put an order in
thediverse content of his work.

Congratulations! You have successfully finished Lesson 2! In the next lesson,

you will learn the classification of art and its characteristics. If you have question and
clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Classification of Art

Objectives:
differentiate the three classifications of art and;
provide examples for each classification.

Introduction:

Good day! Today you are going to learn the classification of art and its different
characteristics. This will help you to discern and discover your hidden talents and
capabilities in expressing yourself through different ways of doing art. You required to
familiarize its different characteristics and provide examples on each classification.

Activity:

Artwork Observation

Instruction: Observe the following works of art and compare its

characteristics using the graphic organizer provided.
Illustration 1 Illustration 2

Van Gogh’s Starry Night, 1889 International Women’s Day, 2018

Illustration 3

I Love You Since 1892 by Binibining

Mia

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Graphic Organizer

Illustration 1 Illustration 2 Illustration 3

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. What are the different characteristics of the three artworks?

2. What are their common characteristics?

3. Aside from the images above, what are other examples of art?

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Abstraction:

Classifications of Art

Many changes in the arts took place during the early modern period. Its
classification can be on many characteristics, including form, shape, function, use, or
social context. Works of art are classified in many different ways, namely:
1. Visual Arts- These arts are those forms that create works which are primarily
visual (forms perceived by the eyes). The man can take the beauty of nature
through a piece of paper so that other people may take time appreciating the
captured image. Examples of these arts include:
a. Painting- This form of visual art aims to evoke an emotion from the viewers.
It is practice by applying colors or other media to a surface with a brush or
other objects.
b. Sculpture- This form of visual arts characterized as the art of representing
an imagined or observed objects in hard materials such as glass, metals, or
wood in three dimensions.
c. Architecture- This form of art provides us the physical structure we lived.
It is a profound expression of human culture in a particular period, and it
will endure and outlive us in forms of monuments that future generations
will study and strive to understand.
d. Drawing- This form of art enhances the way we see the world around and
conditions us to capture its details in a two-dimensional medium. This has
been a critical element of art throughout history and in the contemporary art
world.
e. Photography- This form of art is a process of creating portraits by recording
radiation on a radiation-sensitive medium, such as electronic image sensors
or photographic films.

2. Performing Arts- These arts are those forms in which the artists used his/her
own body, face, and presence as a medium. Examples of these arts are as
follows:
a. Theatre (Drama) - This form of art uses performers to present the experience
of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place and time.
b. Music- This form of art helps to express our mood and feel the way through
our emotions and ideas. Based on a study, different types of music may be
suitable to different moods though classical music is still recommended as
the most calming music option.
c. Dance- This form of art is expressed through body movement which entails
social interaction, or presented in a spiritual or performance setting.

d. Film- This form of art allows us to explore the complexities of the human
situation. This is used to work out our emotions, to make history comes alive,
science is explained, and literary works are brought into life.

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e. Installation Art- The fundamental nature of this form of art is the participation
of the spectators. In this work of art, viewers become active and navigate the
work in an environment that they can experience visually. It also has the
capacity of passing on particular information about any significant event
around the world and interactively represents documentary issues.
f. Opera- This form of art helps to tell stories through music. This is also
performed with a full orchestra composed of the various musical instrument
sections. In this art form, singers and musicians perform a dramatic work by
combining text (called a libretto) and musical score.
g. Stagecraft- This form of art is a technical aspect of theatrical production. This
includes constructing and arranging scenery, hanging and focusing of
lighting, the design of costumes, makeup, and procurement of props, stage
management and recording and mixing of sound.
3. Literary Arts- These arts centered on creative writing and other composition
processes which intended to read. These include prose and poetry (e.g., novels,
short stories, sonnet, ballad, epic, and essay).

Application:

Instruction:
I. Search and provide at least two examples for each art classification.
Write answers in your journal.
Visual Arts (Provide image/picture, name of artist and year)
1. Painting

2. Sculpture

3. Architecture

4. Drawing

5. Photography

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Performing Arts (Provide only Titles)

1. theatre

2. Music

3. Dance

4. Film

5. Installation Art

6. Opera

7. Stagecraft

Literary Arts (Provide an Author and Title)

1. Poetry

2. Novel

3. Short Story

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4. Sonnet

5. Ballad

6. Epic

7. Essay

II. Using a Venn diagram differentiate the three major classifications of art.
Write your answer in your journal.

Congratulations! You have just successfully finished Lesson 3! In the next

lesson, you will learn the Aesthetic Arts and Crafts. If you have questions or
clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Aesthetic Art and Crafts

Objectives:
identify the different types of aesthetic arts and crafts; and
create your own artwork based on the different types of arts and crafts.

Introduction:

Good day! Today you are going to learn and familiarize the concept of aesthetic
art and the different forms of crafting. You are required to do the activities provided.
Activity:
Art Making

Instruction:

1. Make an artwork based on your own definition of beauty using any

medium and resources available in your environment. (e.g. drawing,
painting, sculpture or photography). Take a picture of your output and
submit it to your instructor via email add or any online platforms. e.g.
Facebook messenger
Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. Based on your artwork, what is your definition of beauty?

2. What are other ways you could use to express beauty other than
drawing, painting, sculpture or photography?

3. Have you experienced making a handicraft? If yes, what is it?

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Abstraction:

Aesthetics is from the Greek word eisthesis which means “perception.”

It is a branch of philosophy devoted to the study of art and beauty used
during the 18th century by Alexander Baumgarten, a German philosopher.
This term also refers to the principles governing the nature and appreciation of beauty,
especially in visual art (Rader, 1979).
On the other hand, the term “craft” comes from a German word Kraft which means
“power” or “ability.” It usually employed in branches of the decorative arts or
associated artistic practice. It also implies the application of human skills through the
use of a hand. It tends to produce things for various human purposes, and tend to exhibit
their prettiness around a goal external to the object itself (Dutton, 1990).
Arts and Crafts started during the 19th century in Europe as a design reform and as
a social movement motivated by the William Morris. It involves activities related to
making things which require a combination of skill, speed, and patience.
William Morris who was born on March 24, 1834, in Walthamstow, England was
known for his pattern designs, particularly on fabrics, and wallpapers. As a proponent
of socialist ideals, Morris believed that a designer should have the skill of any media in
producing designs that intricate intertwining fruit, flower, and foliage pattern. He died
on October 3, 1896, at the age of 62 years old in London, England.
Artists may have unique skills and perceptive abilities, but they are also people
with needs and the motivation to meet those needs. Creating different works of art that
are accepted by one’s audience can lead to an artist’s social acceptance and recognition.
Their works of art have been used to create pleasing environments. Arts and crafts have
different types, namely: textile wood, metal, paper or canvass, and plant crafts.
Types of Arts and Crafts
Textile Crafts. The word textile is from a Latin phrase texere which means “to
braid" or "to construct." These also refer to any craft where you work with fabric, yarn
or surface design. It uses plant or any synthetic fibers in creating practical or decorative
objects. These include the following:

1. Cross-stitch- Stitching can also be a form of natural pain relief. It is a popular

form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches in a tiled, raster-
like pattern are used to form a picture.

2. Crocket- It is a process of creating fabric from yarn, thread, or other material

strands using a crochet hook.
1. Sewing- It is the crafts of fastening or attaching objects using stitches made with
a needle and thread.
2. Weaving- It is a fabric production method in which yarns are interlaced at right
angles to form a fabric or cloth.
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3. Tatting- It is a technique for handcrafting particularly in making durable lace

which is constructed by a series of knots and loops.
4. Shoemaking- It is the process of making footwear.
7. Lace- It is an openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by
machine or by hand.
8. Macramé- It is a form of textile-making which requires very few tools and just
some pure knowledge of basic knotting.
9. Millinery- It is the designing and manufacture of hats.
10. String art- It is an arrangement of colored thread strung between points to form
an abstract geometric design.
Wood Crafts. These refer to a skill that pertains to the woods, especially in making
one's way through the woods or in hunting, trapping, etc. It also relates to subsistence
lifestyles with implications of hunting-gathering (Horace, 1906). These include the
following:
1. Carpentry-It is a skilled trade in the cutting, shaping, and installation of
building materials during the construction of buildings.
2. Marquetry- It is the art and craft of applying pieces of veneer (thin slices of
wood) to a structure to form decorative designs.
3. Woodturning- It is a form of woodworking that is used to create wooden
objects.
4. Wood carving- It is a form of woodworking to form a wooden figure or objects
by using a knife or a chisel.
5. Cabinetry- It is a skill in making a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors
and drawers for keeping various objects.
6. Upholstery- It is the work of building cushion and cover furniture.

Metal Crafts. These refer to the art of executing artistic designs in metal for both
practical and aesthetic purposes. These arts are designed for decorative items or
functional objects that are beneficial and useful to us all. These works are of bronze,
silver, gold, tin, copper, lead, brass, and iron. These include the following:
1. Jewelry- It is a form of personal adornments, such as brooches, rings,
necklaces, earrings, and bracelets.
2. Metal Casting- It is a process by which a liquid material (bronze, copper, glass,
aluminum, and iron) is poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of
the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify.
3. Welded sculpture- It is an art form in which statue is made using welding
techniques.Paper or Canvas Crafts. It refers to an extremely durable plain-woven
fabric used for making backpacks, tents, marquees, and other sustainable items.
These include the following:

1. Bookbinding- It is the process of physically assembling a book from some folded

or unfolded sheets of paper or other material.
2. Card making- It is a hand-made technique for producing greeting cards.
3. Collage- It is a technique where the artwork is made from an assemblage of
different forms, thus creating a new whole.
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4. Origami- It is a Japanese cultural art of paper folding.

5. Paper-Mache- It is a composite material consisting of paper pieces or pulp,
sometimes reinforced with textiles, bound with an adhesive.
6. Scrapbooking- It refers to a method of arranging, preserving, and presenting
personal and family history in a book form.
7. Rubber Stamping- It is a craft in which some type of ink made of dye or pigment
applied to an image or pattern that carved, molded, laser engraved or vulcanized,
onto a sheet of rubber.
Plant Crafts- These refer to skills using plant parts as the medium. These include
the following:
1. Corn dolly making- It relates to the making of shapes and figures (known as
‘dollies’) from straw (such as barley, oats, and wheat).
2. Floral Design- It is the art of using plant materials and flowers to create a
pleasing and balanced composition.
3. Pressed flower craft- consists of drying flower petals and leaves in a flower press
to flatten and exclude light and moisture.

Application:

Handicraft-making
Instructions: Express beauty through handicraft-making. Choose one of
the different types of crafts enumerated above. Provide a documentation
while making the activity. Then, submit it to your instructor via email
add or any online platforms. e.g. Facebook messenger.

Congratulations! Well done! You have just successfully finished Lesson 4! In

the next lesson, you will learn the Principles of Understanding Artistic Design and
Composition. If you have question and clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 5 Principles of Artistic Design

and Composition

Objectives:
discuss the principles of artistic design and composition by examining
an artwork; and
create an artwork following the principle of design and composition.

Introduction:

Good day! In this lesson you are going to learn about the principles of artistic
design and composition. Art principles are characterized through elements which help
an artist develop his/her own artwork design. Therefore, in this lesson you are going to
review and critique an artwork based on the different principles. You are also required
to do the activities provided.

Activity:

Designing a pattern
Needed materials:
Bond paper; Pencil; Ruler; Water color and scissor
Instruction:

1. Get a clean piece of paper and copy the triangle pattern below. Fill
each triangle with a linear pattern of your own design. Use each pattern
only twice. Patterns must be outlined in sharpie and shaded with pencil
to create a 3D effect.
2. Next: Produce two coppies by copying it. Using liquid watercolors,
paint a different color scheme on each sheet.
Sheet 1: Every color you can mix using magenta and yellow
Sheet 2: Every color you can mix using magenta and blue
Sheet 3: Every color you can mix using blue and yellow
3. Next: Cut up all three sheets into the triangles ang put them in an
envelope for safe keeping. Use the triangles to explore the 7 principles
of design and composition by arranging.

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Sample Pattern

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Sample Output

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(The Helpful Teacher, 2019)

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. How did you design the pattern on each triangle?

2. Do you think your artwork contains harmony, variety,

balance, movement, emphasis, proportion and rhythm? Explain.

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Abstraction:

Principles of Artistic Design and Composition

Art principles are created by combining art elements. Artists utilize

organizing principles to develop forms that inform. Among the fundamental principle
of art are harmony, variety, balance, movement, emphasis, proportion, and rhythm.
Whether analysing or composing artwork, one must have a complete understanding of
how art principles are created (Elsen, 1981).
The Principle of Harmony. When all of the elements of art interact well in an
artwork, visual harmony is attained. This is accomplished by using similar types of
geometric shapes, lines or colors within a work of art to create a unified composition.
Likewise, using various cool or warm colors would help to produce a harmonious work
of art.
The Principle of Variety. A stable composition will also demonstrate the principle
of variety. It is accomplished by using differing colors, lines, and shapes within an
artwork to make key areas stand out. Artists can use this idea to direct a viewer’s eye
to a place within the art that he or she wants to emphasize.
The Principle of Balance. It refers to the symmetry of opposing visual forces. It
is created in a work of art when colors, forms, shapes or textures are combined
harmoniously.
The Principle of Movement. It is the way that an eye moves throughout a work of
art. In this work of art, our eye moves up through the pattern in the rippling surface of
the water to the two paddlers. An artist creates a visual movement to drive the eye to
the focal point of the artwork.

Principle of Emphasis. It refers to the need for an artist to create a focal point
within an artwork. This artistic point is an essential part of a work of art, and the
viewer’s eye should drawn to that area.
Principles of Proportion. This principle is created when the sizes of elements in
an artwork art are combined harmoniously. The artist usually tries to make all of the

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parts in a composition relate logically to each other to depict the human form within
the proper proportion.
Principle of Rhythm. It refers to the use of visual pattern within a work of art.
Models within an artwork are created by repeating certain colors, line or shapes in
specific areas. It can also be used to form a variety of texture within a work of art.

Application:

Art Critique

Instruction: Critique the artwork below based on its adherence to the

principles of design and composition. Write your answer on your
journal.

Michael Angelo’s the Creation of Adam,

1512

Congratulations! Job well done! You have just successfully finished the last part
of the module number 1! Are you ready to explore the next module? In module 2, you
are going to learn the different types of art movement in the history of arts. I just hope
that you’re still eager to learn and participate in the activities provided. God Bless! If
you have question and clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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MODULE ASSESSMENT
Test I
Name: Score:
Course/Year: Date:
Time Schedule:

Essay: Answer the following questions below briefly but precisely.

1. Do you consider yourself as an artist? Justify your answer.

2. Which of the following classification of art (Visual, Performing, Literary) do you

think you belong? Why?

3. What is the importance of art?

4. Do all arts express beauty? Justify your answer.

5. Do we need to attend formal schooling in order to become a professional artist?

Why or why not?

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Test II

Name: Score:
Course/Year: Date:
Time Schedule:

Evaluation: In your own words, briefly discuss the following concepts listed below.
1. Art

2. Creation of Art

3. Purpose of Art

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Module
Summary

You have completed the first module of Art Appreciation covering the
lessons: Introduction to Art Appreciation, Purpose and Classification of Arts, Aesthetic
arts and crafts and lastly, the Principles of Artistic Design and Composition.
Key points covered in the module include the following:
The word “art” is from a Latin “arti”, which means craftsmanship,
inventiveness, mastery of form, skill. It includes literature, music, paintings,
photography, sculpture, etc. It serves as an original record of human needs and
achievements.
Three significant phases namely:
a. Creation of Forms. which focuses on the diverse forms used by the
artists in expressing their ideas.
b. The Creations of ideas. Which focuses on the Artists impressions. They
used their experiences as their basis in the making of dance, picture, a
poem, or a play or a song.
c. The Creations of the Materials. Which focuses on the artist use of
different materials or mediums to give form to an idea.
Different functions of art: Individual, Social, Economic, Political, Historical,
Cultural, Aesthetical and Physical.
Purpose of art which includes: Create beauty, provide decoration, Reveal truth,
Expresses values, Commemorate experiences and Create Harmony.
Three Classification of Arts: Visual, Performing and Literary Arts.
Meaning of Aesthetic, which is coming from the Greek word eisthesis which
means “perception.” It is a branch of philosophy devoted to the study of art and
beauty used during the 18th century by Alexander Baumgarten, a German
philosopher.
Meaning of the word “Craft”, which is derived from a German word Kraft
which means “power” or “ability.” It usually employed in branches of the
decorative arts or associated artistic practice.
The word textile is from a Latin phrase texere which means “to braid" or "to
construct." These also refer to any craft where you work with fabric, yarn or
surface design.
Wood crafts which refer to a skill that pertains to the woods, especially in
making one's way through the woods or in hunting, trapping, etc. It also relates
to subsistence lifestyles with implications of hunting-gathering (Horace, 1906).
Metal crafts which refer to the art of executing artistic designs in metal for both
practical and aesthetic purposes.
Paper or canvas craft which refers to an extremely durable plain-woven fabric
used for making backpacks, tents, marquees, and other sustainable items.
Plants crafts which refer to skills using plant parts as the medium.
Principles of artistic design and composition comprises of: Harmony, Variety,
Balance, Movement, Emphasis, Proportions and Rhythm.

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Module Overview

Paintings and
Photography

In this Module
Elements of Painting
Mediums in Painting
Origin of Photography and its types
Elements of Good Photography

Good day! It seems that your journey becomes more interesting! In this module you
will be given opportunity not only to know the basic concepts of painting and
photography but also to be able to showcase your talents through the inputs and
activities provided in every lessons of this module. By this time, you are highly
encouraged to maximize your potentials in painting and photography. God blesses!

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

identify the elements and mediums of painting;
name famous Filipino artists in the field of painting and photography;
trace the history of photography and its types; and
apply the elements of good photography to their own artwork.

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Lesson 1
Elements of Painting

Objectives:
identify the elements of painting; and
create a painting applying its different elements.

Introduction:

Hi! Welcome to our first lesson! In this module you are going to learn and
familiarize the elements of painting. These elements are essential in enhancing your
skills in painting later on, and will help you improve your potentials through
combination of colors and making your output more appealing and attractive to the
viewers. You are required to accomplish the activities provided in this lesson. Good
luck!

Activity:

My Favorite Color

Instructions: Identify which color you like most and explain why that
color is your favorite.

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

4. In your own words, how do you define color?

5. Why color is important?

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6. How does color affect our daily lives?

Abstraction:

Elements of Painting

Painting is a style of creating an expression by applying colors to a flat surface

or any mediums like canvas, clay, glass, paper, walls, leaf, paper, or woods. Abstraction
or composition, drawing, and other aesthetics may serve to manifest the expressive and
conceptual intention of the artists (Mayer, 1970). It is an unspoken and mostly
unrecognized dialogue, where paint speaks silently in masses and colors, and the artist
responds in moods. Paint records the most delicate gesture. It tells whether the painter
sat or stood or crouched in front of the canvas (Elkins, 1998). It loaded with narrative
content, symbolism, or emotion.
Line. It is the simplest element in the painting. It has a continuous marking
made by a moving point to outlines shape and can contour areas within those outlines.
It can suggest movement (vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and curved). Each line has its
meaning: vertical line stress action, strength, dynamism; horizontal lines means
serenity, calmness, stability; diagonal line express tension, movement; curved lines
appear softness, flexibility, gentleness.
Color. The Artists used colors to convey feelings and moods within their painting.
It is the result of wavelengths of lights reflecting of objects. It is composed of three
distinct qualities such as the hue, saturation, and value. Hue is merely the name of the
color. Red, yellow, and the blue are the primary color. Their mixture that produces the
secondary colors are green, orange, and purple.
Texture. It is a component of two-sided and three-sided designs and distinguished
by its perceived visual and physical properties. It is used to describe the way a three-
dimensional work feels when touched. In two-dimensional models, such as painting, it
may refer to the visual "feel" of a piece (Isaac, 2017).
Perspective. It is an art technique for creating an illusion of three-dimension with
depth and space. Its real goal is creating a viewpoint for the audiences that will best
communicate the subject and serve its particular message.

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Perspective is the same as “viewpoint” and “position.” It is what makes a painting

seem to have form, distance, and look "real" (Evans, 2002). It is projected according to
its levels namely:
foreground, middle
ground, and
background.

Shapes. It is an element in painting that helps express ideas. It helps to interact,

and independently evoke agitation, purposeful energy, direction, etc. They maybe
circles, rectangles, ovals, or square. It is an area with defined boundary created by a
variety of color, value or texture of the areas adjacent to it.
Symbols. The Artists often include symbolic objects in their paintings that have a
special meaning or a special message. It is used to express ideas such as death, hope,
life, etc.

Application:

Spiral Shapes

Materials Needed: canvass, acrylic paint

Instruction: this is one the easiest among homemade canvas art ideas.
To try these canvas painting ideas, paint the canvas in a base color and
let it dry. Use a color which will stand out on the basse color and design
a thick spiral shape on it. For example, black base coat and turquiose
blue spiral.

Sample output
Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxMg3ipxoNo

Provide a documentation while making the activity. Then, submit it to your

instructor via email add or any online platforms. e.g. Facebook messenger

Congratulations! Well done! You have just successfully finished Lesson 1! In

the next lesson, you will learn the mediums of painting. If you have question and
clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 2
Mediums of Painting

Objectives:
identify the mediums of painting; and
create your own artistic work using the mediums of painting.

Introduction:

Hello! In this lesson you are going to explore more on learning the different
methods or medium used in painting. These mediums are modes of expression that can
be used in an artwork in order to produce a beautiful output. In this lesson, you are
encouraged to draw or to make an artwork using these mediums.
Activity:

Look at the artwork below and describe what you see in five (5)
sentences

https://emptyeasel.com/2009/01/22/oil-pastels-101-a-comprehensive-guide-to-painting-with-oil-
pastel/

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Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. What do you think are the materials used in this painting?

2. How do you describe the combination of colors in this painting?

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Abstraction:

The following are examples of the methods used in painting:

1. Oil- It is the type of slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment

suspended in drying oils such as linseed oil, poppy seed oil, safflower oil and
walnut oil.
Sample output: Oil painting
Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIerMULTIxg

2. Pastel- It is an art medium in the shape of a stick or crayons. It consists of pure

powdered color and a binder. Dry pastel can be classified as soft pastels, pan
pastels, hard pastels, and pastel pencils.
Sample output: pastel painting

3. Acrylic- It is fast drying paint containing pigment suspension in acrylic polymer

emulsion which becomes water-resistant when dry.
Sample output: Acrylic painting
Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XjhsvR3sQ0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAo1gfNIhXw

7. Watercolor- It is the medium which the paints are made of colors suspended in
a water-soluble vehicle. It is usually transparent and appears luminous because
the pigments are laid down in a relatively pure form with few types of filler
obscuring the pigment colors.

Sample output: Water color painting

Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kojEoKgrTY

8. Ink- It is a liquid that contains colors and dyes and is applied to a surface to
produce an image, text, or design. It is for drawing with a brush, or pen.

Sample output: Ink painting

Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJlEe0lzV8M

9. Encaustic- It is heated beeswax to which colored stains are added. The paste is
then applied to a wood-based canvas.

Sample output: Encaustic painting

Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHsCVf9h9L4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSivZNUzWlk
10. Fresco- It refers to any of several related mural painting types, executed on
walls, ceilings or any other kind of flat surface. The term fresco comes from the
Italian word “affresco” which means “fresh.”
GED- 9: Arts Appreciation, Davao De Oro State College
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Sample output: Fresco painting

Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJyUvzc_DN4

11. Gouache- It is a water-based paint consisting of pigment and other materials

designed to be used in an opaque painting technique.
Sample output: Gouache painting
Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRHqm0GDtRw

12. Enamel- It is a paint that air dries to a durable, usually glossy and solid finish.
It is used for outdoor coating surfaces or otherwise subject to variations in
temperature.

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Sample output: Enamel painting

Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgDuPal4X3g

13. Spray paint- It is the type of paint that comes in a sealed pressurized battle and
released in a fine spray.

Sample output: Spray painting

Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNoEQrgyAZk

14. Tempera- It is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored

pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder method.

Sample output: Tempera painting

Kindly refer to this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hkm9mQpWUk

Known Filipino Painters

Artist: Juan Luna

Painting: Spoliarium

The paintings of Juan Luna

were the first Filipino works of art to
become famous inside and outside of
the Philippines because of its
meaning and significance. Juan Luna
produced works in the romantic and
early impressionist styles, achieving
great recognition in Europe. Juan
Luna traveled to different parts of
Europe, learning various techniques https://www.academia.edu/28149067/FAMOUS_F
in painting and eventually coming back ILIPINO_ARTISTS_AND_THEIR_ART_WORK
to the Philippines to further nurture his S?auto=download
talents. He won great praise as wells as many prizes for his works. His achievements
helped to inspire other Filipinos to think of themselves as equal to the Europeans. Juan
Luna’s greatest masterpiece is “The Spoliarium”. This won him a gold medal at the
National Exposition of Fine Arts held in Madrid. The Spoliarium depicts the 19th
century horror experience of the Filipinos. It emphasized the violation of Human Rights
by the colonizers of Spain. Juan Luna expressed his patriotism by painting one such
masterpiece to enlighten the Filipinos out of oppression. This painting showed great
impact and influence on the Filipino people, truly something that not all artists can
possess. He is certainly a very influential artist and has indeed a painting style of his
own making him without a doubt one of the most renowned national artists.

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Artist: Fernando Cueto Amorsolo

Painting: “Portrait of Presidents:
Manuel Quezon, Manuel Roxas
and Sergio Osmena”

Dubbed as the grand old man of the

Philippine art scene, Fernando
Amorsolo, has made the largest and
solidest contribution to the
Philippines through his numerous
paintings scattered around the
Philippines and through his
discovery of the natural light in
canvas. Patronized by many
powerful figures in the Philippine
society, Fernando Amorsolo has
done many portraits that include past
Philippine presidents Manuel L.
Quezon, Manuel Roxas and Sergio
Osmena Sr. Most of his works depict https://www.academia.edu/28149067/FAMOUS_
the beauty and the splendor of our FILIPINO_ARTISTS_AND_THEIR_ART_WOR
society during the late 1800’s until KS?auto=download
the 1950’s. Perhaps, his greatest
contribution to the Philippine art scene is the discovery of natural light that comes out
from his paintings making them seem very natural. This illusion of backlight is the glow
against which his figures stand out and develop a burst of light at one point of the
canvas. Amorsolo’s passion is clearly expressed in everything he painted. The light for
which he is famous for expresses the love he has for art. And all who have tried to copy
Amorsolo’s illusion of the light is a flattery to him. Indeed, Amorsolo’s art is spread
evenly in the 7,107 islands of the Philippines. Much talent was given to him and in
return, he has given this back to his motherland and each of his paintings shares the rich
culture and heritage of our country. His glorious techniques and contribution to
Philippine art have earned him the title of national artist for painting.

Application:

Artwork Making

Instruction: Choose one among the different methods used in painting

and create your own artistic work with your own design applying one
method of painting discussed in this lesson.

Take note: Click the link and watch the supplementary videos provided
in every methods of painting. Then, choose a method that requires only
less expenses for your artwork. Provide a documentation while making
the activity. Then, submit it to your instructor via email add or any online
platforms. e.g. Facebook messenger.

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Congratulations! You have just successfully finished Lesson 2! In the next

lesson, you will learn the origin of photograph and its types. If you have question and
clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 3
Origin of Photography and its Types

Objectives:
explain the importance of photography and;
provide examples for its types.

Introduction:

Good day! Today you are going to learn the origin of photography and its types.
photography is the art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a digital sensor or
film, to create an image. With the right camera equipment, you can even photograph
wavelengths of light invisible to the human eye, including UV, infrared, and radio. It
has become a powerful means of communication and a mode of visual expression that
touches human life in many ways. In this lesson you are required to familiarize its origin
and provide examples on its types.

Activity:

My Photos
Instructions: Choose your three favorite pictures and explain how you
took them and why they are effective.

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. In your own words, how do you define photography?

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2. Why photography is important?

3. What should be considered to have a good photography?

Abstraction:

The Origin of Photography

The word photography is from two Greek words photos or phos, for “light” and
graphe, for “lines” or “drawing.” Therefore, Photography is described as the art in
creating or drawing durable images by recording light using either photographic film
or image sensor (Spencer, 1973). It was first coined by Sir John Herschel in a lecture
before the Royal Society of London, on March 14, 1839. It has become a powerful
means of communication and a mode of visual expression that touches human life in
many ways (Eder, 1945).
Types of Photography
Aerial Photography- It refers to the taking of photographs of the ground from an
elevated position. It is acquired through the use of a specialized camera mounted such
as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, drones, balloons, kites, parachutes, etc.
Astrophotography- It focuses entirely on taking images from space. This type
could vary from the planets to the stars or any other exciting configurations.
Commercial Photography- It is a photographic work done for commercial
purposes, such as corporate brochures and leaflets, menus in cafes and restaurants,
magazine advertising, merchandising, and product placement.
Fine Art Photography- It refers to highly creative images that have an abstract
influence. These photographs can be equal to an artist’s expression on painting.
Forensic Photography- It is also known as crime scene photography wherein the
work of the photographer is mainly to capture images for an accurate representation of
the scene of the crime.
Headshot Photography- This type of photography focuses mainly on the person’s
face. This is also known as mug shots.

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Macro Photography- This type of photography is about close-up images of a

specific topic. It is commonly applied mainly to capture details of organisms or nature
that may not be visible to the naked eye.
Nature Photography- It encompasses all forms of photography where the main
subject has something to do with nature. It focuses on landscapes, wildlife, underwater,
and plants life as they are in their natural environment.
Nude Photography- It is about the portrayal of the human body in the naked form.
Portrait Photography- It is all about capturing the mood of a person, with an
emphasis on the face and expression of a person.
Still Life Photography- It is all about capturing objects on camera that are
deliberately grouped to create a particular composition. This requires the photographer
to have an excellent lighting technique.
Street Photography- It is all about capturing candid images of public places or
even people in their natural element. It requires the photographer the skill to mingle
with people and achieve the best frames.
Travel Photography- It involves capturing images of a particular landscape,
traditions, and customs or even people from different places.

Application:

I. Search and provide at least two sample of images for each types of
photography, including the name of the photographer and the year it was
taken.
Take note: On the nude photography kindly get samples only with an
infant or baby images
Then submit it to your instructor via email add or any online platforms.
e.g. Facebook messenger.

Congratulations! You have just successfully finished Lesson 3! In the next

lesson, you will learn the elements of photography. If you have question and
clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 3
Elements of Good Photography

Objectives:
identify the different element of photography; and
produce your own pictures applying the elements of photography.

Introduction:

Good day! Today you are going to learn the elements of photography. These
elements are helpful for you to develop your skills in taking shots through your
device or camera which can produce good quality image with meaningful
content. By this time, you are required not only to familiarize these elements.
But of course, to practice your skills by doing the activity provided in this
lesson.

Activity:

Model Photography

Instruction: Find a career you are interested in, and a role model you can profile.
Take pictures of them at work, and create a visual display illustrating what their
work is like.

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. What aspects did you consider in taking the photographs?

2. Describe the position of the subject and the lighting of the pictures.

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Abstraction:

Elements of Photography

Composition
Composing a good photograph can be accomplished by clearing your mind and viewing
the image as a whole. Taking a moment before you press the shutter button allows your
eye to focus on the entire scene as opposed to the main subject. Are there branches or
poles poking out of the subject’s head? Is there a garbage can intruding from the bottom
of the corner? Taking a moment to
breathe, pause and evaluate the details
in the photograph you’re composing
can make a huge difference in your
finished product.
Rule of Thirds
One of the main factors that
differentiate a great photograph from
an ordinary one is composition, or how
are objects/ subjects placed in the shot.
The Rule of Thirds is a great
compositional technique for making
photos more dynamic and exciting. It
is also a compositional rule for
painting and photography.
The Rule of Thirds is also known
as the guideline which applies to the
process of composing visual images
like in painting, designs, and
photographs (Meech, 1991). The https://expertphotography.com/improve-your-
composition-the-rule-of-thirds/
instruction proposes that the picture is
visualized as divided into nine equal parts
by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two equally-spaced vertical lines, and those
essential compositional elements should place along these lines. Proponents of the
method claim that aligning a subject with these points create more composition, energy,
and tension (Peterson, 2003).

The Rule of Thirds asserts that an image is most pleasing when its subjects poised
along imaginary lines which divide vertically and horizontally the image into thirds. It
is applied by aligning a subject with the guidelines and their intersection points, placing
the horizon on the top or bottom line (Krages, 2005).

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Framing
Framing is used to draw your viewer’s eye to the subject of the photograph. It can also
be used to take natural elements to frame your subject. Many photographers use
branches to frame their subject, though it can just as easy to use elements of photograph
that occur naturally. Strong diagonal lines that draw focus to the subject are excellent
frames. However, you should be careful not to let the frame overpower the photograph
or detract from your subject.
Lighting
Lighting can make or break a photograph. The sun can be your best friend when
shooting outdoors. You can diffuse harsh sunlight through a variety diffuser screens, or
reflect it into your subject using kitchen foil. Indoors, things become a bit trickier. Using
natural light is preferable, but a well-lit subject is vital, and you may have to play a little
bit with what light is available to you in order to get the desired effect.
Exposure
Proper exposure is vital for creating a good photograph. Overexposed photos have their
white areas blown out, which washes out the picture, while underexposed photographs
can be very dark.
Storytelling
“A photograph is a message. It conveys a statement, an impression, or an emotion. The
context gives the subject relevance, presence, location, or other interest. It is the
combination of the two elements- subject and context, foreground and background- that
tells the message.” – Andrew Hudson, Photographer

Application:

Metamorphosis: How do things change over time? How quickly do

they change?

Instruction: Find something in your environment that you expect to

change. It could be a caterpillar, a flower bud, or a tree. Figure out how
quickly it is going to change, then take pictures at regular intervals to
show this change.
Submit your output to your instructor via email add or any online
platforms. e.g. Facebook messenger.

Congratulations! Well done! You have just successfully finished Lesson 4 of

the second module! I hope you’ve learned a lot from this module. I thank you for your
determination and active participation since day one up to the end. If you have other
question and clarifications feel free to contact your instructor. Have a nice day ahead!
God Bless!

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MODULE ASSESSMENT

Test I
Name: Score:
Course/Year: Date:
Time Schedule:

Essay: Answer the following questions below briefly but precisely.

1. Do you consider yourself as a photographer? Justify your answer.

2. Do you consider yourself as a painter? Justify your answer.

GED- 9: Arts Appreciation, Davao De Oro State College

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Test II
Name: Score: _
Course/Year: Date:
Time Schedule:

Matching Type: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the box provided before each item.

Column A Column B
it is also known as the guideline which applies to the a. Travel photography
process of composing visual images like in painting,
designs, and photographs.
is vital for creating a good photograph. Overexposed b. Lightning
photos have their white areas blown out, which washes
out the picture, while underexposed photographs can be
very dark.
it is used to draw your viewer’s eye to the subject of c. Symbols
the photograph. It can also be used to take natural
elements to frame your subject.
It is all about capturing objects on camera that are d. Nature photography
deliberately grouped to create a particular composition.
This type of photography is about close-up images of a e. Fine art photography
specific topic.
it involves capturing images of a particular landscape, f. Storytelling
traditions, and customs or even people from different
places.
It is about the portrayal of the human body in the naked g. Shapes
form.
This type of photography focuses mainly on the h. Street photography
person’s face. This is also known as mug shots.
can make or break a photograph. The sun can be your i. Texture
best friend when shooting outdoors.
It is also known as crime scene photography wherein the j. Exposure
work of the photographer is mainly to capture images
for an accurate representation of the scene of the crime.
It is all about capturing candid images of public places k. Commercial
or even people in their natural element. photography
It refers to highly creative images that have an abstract l. Macro photography
influence.
It refers to the taking of photographs of the ground m. Still life
from an elevated position. photography
a good photograph can be accomplished by clearing n. Rule of the Thirds
your mind and viewing the image as a whole.

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It is all about capturing the mood of a person, with an o. Line

emphasis on the face and expression of a person.

It encompasses all forms of photography where the p. Headshot

main subject has something to do with nature. photography
it is described as the art in creating or drawing durable q. Color
images by recording light using either photographic
film or image sensor
The Artists often include symbolic objects in their r. Framing
paintings that have a special meaning or a special
message.
a photograph is a message. It conveys a statement, an s. Perspective
impression, or an emotion.
It is an element in painting that helps express ideas. It t. Portrait photography
helps to interact, and independently evoke agitation,
purposeful energy, direction, etc.
It is a component of two-sided and three-sided designs u. Astrophotography
and distinguished by its perceived visual and physical
properties.
It is a photographic work done for commercial purposes, v. Photography
such as corporate brochures and leaflets, menus in cafes
and restaurants, magazine advertising, merchandising,
and product placement.
It is an art technique for creating an illusion of three- w. Composition
dimension with depth and space.
It is the result of wavelengths of lights reflecting of x. Aerial photography
objects. It is composed of three distinct qualities such
as the hue, saturation, and value.
It is the simplest element in the painting. It has a y. Nude photography
continuous marking made by a moving point to
outlines shape and can contour areas within those
outlines.
It focuses entirely on taking images from space. This z. Forensic
type could vary from the planets to the stars or any other photography
exciting configurations.

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Module
Summary

You have completed the second module of Art Appreciation covering the
lessons: Elements of Painting, Mediums in Painting, Origin of Photography and its
Types, and Elements of Good Photography.
Key points covered in the module include the following:
Painting is a style of creating an expression by applying colors to a flat surface
or any mediums like canvas, clay, glass, paper, walls, leaf, paper, or woods.
Abstraction or composition, drawing, and other aesthetics may serve to manifest
the expressive and conceptual intention of the artists (Mayer, 1970).
The following art the Elements of Painting – line, color, texture, perspective,
shapes and symbols.
The following are the Mediums of Painting – oil, pastel, acrylic, watercolor,
ink, encaustic, fresco, gouache, enamel, spray paint, tempera.
Juan Luna’s greatest masterpiece is “Spolarium” which depicts the 19th century
horror experience of the Filipinos. It emphasized the violation of Human Rights
by the colonizers of Spain.
Fernando Cueto Amorsolo’s portrayal of the Philippine president Manuel L.
Roxas. depict the beauty and the splendor of our society during the late 1800’s
until the 1950’s.
The word photography is from two Greek words photos or phos, for “light” and
graphe, for “lines” or “drawing.” Therefore, Photography is described as the art
in creating or drawing durable images by recording light using either
photographic film or image sensor (Spencer, 1973).
The following are the Types of Photography – aerial, astrophotography,
commercial, fine art, forensic, headshot, macro, nature, nude, portrait, still life,
street and travel.
The following are the Elements of Photography – composition, rule of the
thirds, framing, lightning, exposure and storytelling.

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Module Overview

56 | P a g e

Sculpture and Architecture

In this Module
Origin and Importance of Sculpture
Types of Sculpture and its Medium and Techniques
Definition of Architecture
Elements of Architecture
Good day to you! After learning a lot from the previous modules. This time you
will be given the opportunity to familiarize and know the different contributions of
some of our “kababayans” filipinos in the realm of arts. This module will give you a lot
of encouragement to continue harnessing your innate artistic potentials by knowing and
learning the techniques and different ways of art expressions with the slogan “tatak
sariling atin!” Good luck and God bless!

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

identify famous Filipino artists in the field of sculpture and architecture;
trace the history of Filipino architecture;
compile famous Filipino sculptures and architectures; and
compare Philippine architecture to Western architecture.

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58

Lesson 1
Origin and Importance of Sculpture

Objectives:

explain the importance of sculpture in realm of arts.

Introduction:

Hi! Welcome to our first lesson! In this module you are going to study on the
advent of sculpture and its evolution in our history. In this lesson you are highly
encourage to partake in every activity provided, and of course, to analyze and
comprehend the beauty of sculpture and how does arts affect human lives as a whole.
You are expected to accomplish all the tasks provided for this lesson.

Activity:

Concept Map

Instruction:

Complete the map by supplying words related to sculpture.

SCULPTURE

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Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

15. What do you think are the skills a certain sculptor must have?

16. In your own understanding how do you define sculpture?

17. How do you think sculpture originated?

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Abstraction:

The Origin of Sculpture

Sculpture is from the Latin word sculpere which means “to carve.” The tools used
in sculpture are varied and is changing throughout history. It engages our sense
differently than paintings because it occupies space as a three-dimensional mass
through carving, casting modeling or assembling materials (Sheldon, 1968). It has
sought to produce artworks that are as
permanent and is working in durable and
expensive materials such as bronze
granite, limestone, marble, and stone.
More rarely, precious metals such as
gold, ivory, jade, and silver were used for
chryselephantine works. More common
and less expensive materials were also
used for broader consumption, like cast
metals, ceramics, glass, and hardwoods.
The so-called lion man statue was discovered in 1939
in a German cave — the Stadel cave in Hohlenstein
The sculpture has long been one of
Mountain in the Lone valley, to be precise.
the most popular forms of fine arts and At around 30 cm tall, the statue doesn’t impress with
one of the most beautiful representations its stature, but its age is breathtaking.
http://www.lazerhorse.org/2015/08/06/oldest-statue-
of the humankind. It was also used to
lion-man-aurignacian/
represent societal concerns, such as
morality, politics, and religion
(Witcombe, 1997). For many of years,
scuplture has filled many roles in
human life. For example, the earliest
sculpture was made to supply magical
help to trackers, to represent gods, and
to hope of making their ancient kings
becomes immortal.

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Most common purpose of sculpture during the ancient time is associated with
religion. Different images like a human-made object revered for the spirit are familiar
in many cultures. One of the oldest sculptures discovered is an ivory statuette, dating
approximately 30,000 BCE from a cave at Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany called
Löwenmensch (which means a“lion-human”). This Paleolithic period statue is about
12” tall and depicts a human figure with a feline face.
Another very iconic and famous piece of sculpture is “the Sphinx” of Egypt. This
sculpture of an image of the pharaoh Khafre and is part of a funerary complex for the
pharaoh. Egyptian sculpture and all Egyptian art were on the belief in a life after death
wherein the body of their ruler (the
pharaoh) was preserved carefully and
buried with some goods with him to
provide for his needs forever. The
Egyptians often combined features
from various creatures to symbolize
ideas. For example, the head of the
pharaoh Khafre is added to the bowing
figure of a lion to form the Great
Sphinx. This type of masterpiece
suggests the combination of human
intelligence and animal strength. The Sphinx with Khafre's Pyramid, Giza
Great Sphinx of Egypt is an enormous The Sphinx is perhaps the most enigmatic of Egypt's
sandstone sculpture, measuring 240’ ft. monuments, the largest free-standing sculpture of the
ancient world, carved from the living rock of the Giza
Long and 65’ ft. High. plateau.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/amthomson/39659431950
Importance of Sculpture
The sculpture is a perceptive-regeneration of reality through the use of three-
dimensional form. As a specialized work of art, its objective is to exemplify a concept
by forming a visual equivalent. Since the shape is the dominant characteristic of
sculptures, the human body and animals have been its primary subject. They are
constructed using bronze, clay, ivory as their mediums.
Likewise, the making of Sculpture is with the idea of expressing religious, personal,
and political views. This kind of artwork is meant to create a sense of patriotism, pride,
greatness and spiritual respect. Statues and sculptures have always been an integral
part of museums and art history. They become more popular as decoration items in
private homes and office facilities. Sculptures and miniatures have also become more
popular as decoration items, and in the long term, valuable art investments.

Application:

Essay

Instruction: Answer the following questions in not more than 10sentences and write your
essay in your journal.
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1. Explain the importance of sculpture in Philopline culture.

2. Differenciate the sculpture then and now.

Congratulations! You have just successfully finished Lesson 1! In the next

lesson, you will learn the types of culture and its medium and techniques. If you have
question and clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 2
Types of Sculpture and its
Medium and Techniques

Objectives:
identify the types of sculpture; and
create your own artistic work using its medium and techniques.

Introduction:

Hello! In this lesson you are going to explore the types of Sculpture through its
different methods of application. In this lesson you will be given the opportunity to
create you own carving by applying the medium and techniques of sculpture. I am
looking forward for your best output in this lesson. Good luck and God Bless!
Artwork Observation
Activity:
Instruction: Observe the following sculptures and compare its
characteristics using the graphic organizer provided.

Illustration 1 Illustration 2

Marble portrait bust of the emperor M arble statue of a wounded A mazon

Gaius, known as Caligula A.D. 37–41 1st–2nd century A.D.
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collecti https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collect
on/search/248851 ion/search/253373

Illustration 3

Marble tomb of Giuliano de' Medici by

Michelangelo, 1520–34; in the Medici
Chapel, San Lorenzo, Florence.
Wojciech Stróżyk/Alamy
https://www.britannica.com/topic/archit
ecture/Mimetic-ornament

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Graphic Organizer

Illustration 1 Illustration 2 Illustration 3

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. What are the common characteristics of the illustrations?

2. What are the differences among the three illustrations?

3. Among the three illustrations, which of the following can be classified

as architectural type of sculpture.

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Abstraction:

Types of Sculptures

Bust. A bust is a sculpted and painted representation of the upper part of the human
figure such as the head, neck, shoulders, chest or breast.
Statue. A statue is a life-size or a larger size of a sculpture of a person or an animal,
made of metal, stone or wood. The world's tallest statue is the 420 feet (128 meters)
Spring Temple Buddha in Henan, China.
Architectural. Architectural sculpture is a universal classification used to describe
a structural design such as buildings, bridges, burial chamber and other big projects. It
is from a brand of materials which includes carved stone such as brownstone, cast iron,
machine pressed sheet zinc, terra cotta, concrete and other architectural supplies.
Medium and techniques
Sculpture techniques have the aim of providing practical and technical support
through several procedures. These processes are either additive (added material) or
subtractive (material is removed or carved out). Sculptures primarily use four basic
techniques, namely:
Carving. It is a procedure in which the artists cut away objects until reached the
desired form. Various tools are used, depending the materials to be carved and the statue
to which the work has progressed.
a. Stone carving- It is a type of sculpture which requires patience and planning. It
is a shaping activity of pieces of rough natural stone through the use of essential
hand tools like hammer and chisel.
b. Wood carving- It is the art of shaping objects of wood using cutting tools. It is
done through a specialized carving knife (used to cut or smooth the wood), the
slicer saw (used to cut off chunks of wood), the chisel (used for lines and
cleaning up flat surfaces), and the gouge (used in carving hollows, rounds, and
sweeping curves).

Casting. Casting is a method by which a liquid material is usually poured into a

frame or pattern, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed
to harden. It has two types, namely:
a. Glass casting- It is a shaping activity of pieces of rough natural stone through
the use of essential hand tools like hammer and chisel.
b. Slip casting- It is a technique for the mass-production of pottery, especially for
shapes not easily made on a wheel.
Molding. Molding sculpture is an additive process. It is the working of soft or
plastic materials (like clay and wax) by hand to build up or shape to create a form.

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Assembling. Assembling is an additive process of gathering and joining different

materials to create an assembled artwork. An example of assemblage is Martin
Puryear's network of welded and sandblasted stainless-steel tubes whose joints are
bound together by strands of silver and patented
bronze.
Philippine Sculpture
Filipino sculptors came to be known in
the middle of the 19th century. Classical
Philippine sculpture reached its peak in the
works of Guillermo Tolentino (1890-1976). His
best-known masterpiece is the Bonifacio
Monument, which is a group sculpture
composed of numerous figures massed around a
central obelisk. The principal figure is Andres
Bonifacio, leader of the revolution against Spain
in 1896. Behind him stands Emilio Jacinto, the
brains of the Katipunan. The Bonifacio Bonifacio Monument
Monument t - completed in 1933 --
marked the apex of Tolentino’s career.
Napoleon Abueva (born 1930),
one of Tolentino’s pupils, is one of the
pioneering modernists in sculpture. He
used various media. And his stylization
bordered on the abstract as in Allegorical
Harpoon, in which the dominant
horizontal thrust of the figure evokes the
vitality of primitive forms. Allegorical Harpoon, Art

Abueva'’s more famous work is

Fredesvinda , which was included in the
First ASEAN Sculpture Symposium held
in Fort Canning Hill, Singapore, from
March 27 to April 26, 1981.

Fredesvinda, The Asean Sculptures

The Pegaraw Pegasus and tamaraw by

Napoleon V. Abueva

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Application:

Soap Carving

Materials needed: Soap and cutter

Instruction: Make your own artwork using soap applying one of the
mediums and techniques of sculpture which is carving. Take a picture
of your output and submit it to your instructor via email add or any
online platforms. e.g. Facebook messenger

Congratulations! You have just successfully finished Lesson 2! In the next

lesson, you will learn the definition and types of architecture. If you have question
and clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 3
Definition and Types of Architecture

Objectives:
define what is architecture;
provide examples for each type; and
create your own architectural artwork.

Introduction:

Good day! Today you are going to explore more on learning the concept of
architecture and its types. Architecture is one of the necessary modes of art expressions
which contributed much in the history of arts. From its classical point of view to its
modern perspective, architecture continues to develop until this modern generation. In
this lesson, you will be given a chance not only to study but of course to be given the
chance to build your own concept/idea using this method. You required to familiarize
its definition and its types.

Activity:

My Dream House
Instruction: Get a piece of clean paper and pencil, and draw your dream
house. Make sure to place a good foundation of your house such like
walls and posts. Put labels in every parts of the house. Then take a
picture of your output and submit it to your instructor via email add or
any online platforms. e.g. Facebook messenger

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. What is your definition of architecture?

2. Do you think you can build that dream house in the future?

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3. Aside from that dream house, what are other things you want to build
in the future?

Abstraction:

Definition of Architecture

Architecture is the art concerned with styles, methods, and design of

constructing buildings, separating inner from outer space in such a way that the inner
space can be used for both practical purposes and aesthetic ends. The word
“architecture” come from the Latin word architectur and the Greek word architectu
meaning master builder from the combination of archi, which means chief or leader,
tekton, which means a builder or carpenter. (Yagyaga, et. al., 2010:76)
Types of Architecture
Allan Gowans (in Pagay, et. al., 2003: 90) categorizes architecture into several types,
which have always stood for and served social institutions universally:
1. Monuments and tombs commemorate the past of a society as the Iwojima
Monument at Arlington National Ceremony or the Grant’s Tomb in New York.
2. Shrines and sanctuaries are place of ceremonies and rituals, binding a
community together such as the National Cathedral in Washington, DC, or your
hometown church or synagogue.
3. Walls and forts serve as protection against attacks. Examples are the Great
Wall of China or the Tower of London, a military barrack, or an armory.
4. Shelters provide basic protection against the elements (eg, sun, rain, wind); a
barn for animals, bus shelter, or grain silo.
5. Homesteads provide an ideal space to raise a family, your family's house. An
essential element of homestead is the hearth.
6. Palaces are the living and working space for rulers such as the Buckingham
Palace, Versailles, or the United States Capitol; a place where government
meets the people.

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7. Public works serve as foundations of civilized life, such as windmills, roads,

bridges, water works, the railroads and subways, airport terminals, etc.
8. Mansions are large homesteads, to include servants. Wealthy individuals to
proclaim superior social status, such as the Vanderbilt home in New York City
or a large Southern plantation, build these. Included in the mansion category are
the first-class apartments, condominiums, and hotels.
9. Shops and Offices facilitate for distributing goods or services, such as a
village's general store to the Mall of America outside Minneapolis, or the
Chicago Mercantile Exchange, or your favorite diner.
10. Amenities are the places for community welfare and recreation, such as
hospitals, orphanages, libraries, museums, institutional housing like nursing
homes, fairgrounds, or a union hall.

History of Philippine Architecture

Architect Manuel D. C. Noche
The history and culture of the Philippines are reflected in its architectural
heritage, in the dwellings of its various peoples, in churches and mosques, and in the
buildings that have risen in response to the demands of progress and the aspirations of
the people.
Architecture in the Philippines today is the result of a natural growth enriched
with the absorption of varied influences. It developed from the pre-colonial influences
of our neighboring Malay brothers, continuing on to the Spanish colonial period, the
American Commonwealth period, and the modern contemporary times. As a result, the
Philippines has become an architectural melting pot– uniquely Filipino with a tinge of
the occidental.
The late national hero for architecture, Leandro Locsin once said, that Philippine
Architecture is an elusive thing, because while it makes full use of modern technology,
it is a residue of the different overlays of foreign influences left in the Philippines over
the centuries: the early Malay culture and vestiges of earlier Hindu influences, the more
than 300 years of Spanish domination, the almost 50 years of American rule, the Arab
and Chinese influences through commerce and trade over the centuries. What resulted
may have been a hybrid, a totally new configuration which may include a remembrance
of the past, but transformed or framed in terms of its significance today.
The Philippine’s architectural landscape is a contrast among small traditional huts
built of wood, bamboo, nipa, grass, and other native materials; the massive Spanish
colonial churches, convents and fortifications, with their heavy “earthquake baroque”
style; the American mission style architecture as well as the buildings of commerce
with their modern 20th century styles; and today’s contemporary, albeit “modern
mundane” concrete structures of the cities.

Construction of rural native huts has changed little in the centuries. Design vary by
region, but common features include steep roof over a one-or-two room living area
raised on posts or stilts one to two meters above the ground or over shallow water.

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Some huts have balconies. Floors may be of split bamboo to allow dirt and food scraps
to fall through to pigs and poultry. The space beneath the hut may be used for storage
or as a workshop; it also allows air to circulate and safeguards against flooding, snakes,
and insects. As families become more affluent, they frequently replace the thatch roof
with galvanized iron which lasts longer but makes the house hotter and aesthetically
more mundane. The bahay- kubo (nipa hut) is a typical traditional house found in most
lowlands all over the Philippines. Originally built as a one-room dwelling, the nipa hut
changed as family needs become more diverse. Modern urban dwellings, on the other
hand, are typically two-story structures with a concrete ground floor, sides of brick,
concrete blocks, or wooden slats, and an iron roof. During the 19th century, wealthy
Filipinos built some fine houses, usually with solid stone foundations or brick lower
walls, and overhanging, wooden upper story with balustrades and kapis shell sliding
windows, and a tiled roof.
Supplementary Materials
Kindly refer on the link below for your additional learning materials.
Philippine Architecture Vol. 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-HmCY1OsLg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2kxuVu3MI8

Application:

Instructions: Search and provide at least two examples of images for each
architectural type. Then, submit it to your instructor via email add or any
online platforms. e.g. Facebook messenger.

Congratulations! You have just successfully finished Lesson 3! In the next

lesson, you will learn the Aesthetic Arts and Crafts. If you have question and
clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 4
Elements of Architecture

Objectives:
identify the different elements of architecture; and
create your own artwork based on the different elements of
architecture.

Introduction:

Good day! Today you are going to learn and familiarize the different elements
of architecture. These elements are necessary for every architectural display or artwork
to be more sustainable and efficient. These elements also increase the beauty and its
strength which aid future damages over generations. You are required to do the
activities provided.

Activity

Artwork Observation
Instruction: Observe the following architectural design and compare its
characteristics using the graphic organizer provided.

Illustration 1

San Agustin Church, 1607

Illustration 2

St. John Neumann Catholic Church:

Knoxville, TN

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Graphic Organizer

Illustration 1 Illustration 2

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. What are the common characteristics of the illustrations?

2. What are the differences between the two illustrations?

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Abstraction:

Elements of Architecture

Content
Content is the subject matter of architecture, the element in the architectural
expression that communicates specific meanings interpret to society the functions and
techniques of buildings. Expression in architecture is the communication of quality and
meaning. The nature of expression varies with the character of culture in different
places and in different times, forming distinct modes or languages of expression that
are called style. Style communicates the outlook of a culture and the concepts of its
architects.
Space and Mass
The two arts in which space is of great importance are architecture and painting.
Architecture is primarily an art of space. The other arts exist in architecture uses space
as one of its elements. We can see the exterior of a building only as it appears in space.
And if we are within a building, we see it as space; an enclosing space. Painting, on one
hand, does not deal with space directly as architecture does; it can only represent space
on a two-dimensional surface. To the extent that it utilizes every conceivable kind of
device for the simulation of space or for the creation of spatial tensions, its relation to
space is perhaps far more subtle than that of any other art. The most obvious techniques
for creating space in painting are the various types of perspectives.
Composition
Space and mass are the raw materials of architectural form; from them the
architect creates an ordered expression through the process of composition.
Composition is the organization of the whole out of its parts - the conception of single
elements, the interrelating of these elements, and the relating of them to the total form.
Scale and Proportion
Proportion and scale both have to do with size. Scale means size in relation to a standard
or "normal" size. Normal size is the size we expect something to be. For example, a
model airplane is smaller in scale than a real airplane. Proportion refers to size
relationships between parts of a whole, or between two or more items perceived as a
unit. The ancient Greeks, after centuries of striving for beauty, arrived at the point
where nearly everything they made exhibited good spacing. A proportion that has
fascinated many artists and architects since its discovery of the ancient Greeks is the
ratio known as the golden section. A golden section divides a length into two unequal
segments in such a way that the smaller segment has the same ratio to the larger segment
as the larger segment has to the whole. The ratio of the two segments works out to
approximately 1 to 1.618.

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Light
Light is a necessity for sight and, in architecture, a utility. But light is also a
powerful, though ephemeral, vehicle of expression because it moves, changes
character, comes and goes with its source, light has the power to give to the inert mass
of architecture the living quality of nature.
Texture
As discussed earlier, texture refers to the way objects feel to the touch. This is
very real to the sculptor and architect because marble, metal, wood, brick, and glass
feel different as we touch them (Van de Bogart: 1970: 9). Texture plays a dual role in
architecture: it expresses something of the quality of materials, and it gives a particular
quality to light. Although one absorbs both qualities simultaneously by eye, the first
has tactile, the second visual associations.
Color
Since color is a characteristic of all building materials, it is a constant feature of
architecture. But building materials are selected primarily for their structural value, and
their colors are not always suited to expressive requirements; thus, other materials
chosen for their color are frequently added to the surface. These include pigments,
which usually preserve the texture of the original surface, and veneers of stone, wood,
and a variety of manufactured independently of particular products that entirely alter
the surface character.
Environment
Architecture, unlike most of the other arts, is not often conceived independently
on particular surroundings. The problem of design extends beyond the organizing of
space and mass complexes to include the relating of the total form to its natural and
architectural environment.

Application:

Simple Miniature House

Materials needed: Popsicle sticks, Stick glue, Cutter, Illustration board
¼ size
Instruction: Build a miniature house using popsicle sticks. Provide a
documentation while making the activity. Then, submit it to your
instructor via email add or any online platforms. e.g. Facebook
messenger

Sample output: Making of a simple miniature house

Kindly refer on this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDzFeAGSKw4

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Congratulations! Well done! You have just successfully finished Lesson 4 of

the third module! I hope you’ve learned a lot from this module. I thank you for your
determination and active participation since day one up to the end. If you have other
question and clarifications feel free to contact your instructor. Have a nice day ahead!
God Bless!

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MODULE ASSESSMENT

Test I

Name: Score:
Course/Year: Date:
Time Schedule:

Matching Type: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the box provided before each item.

Column A Column B
1. it is a procedure in which the artists cut away objects a. Texture
until reached the desired form.
2. it has the power to give to the inert mass of b. Molding
architecture the living quality of nature.
3. is a characteristic of all building materials, it is a c. Wood carving
constant feature of architecture.
4. is the subject matter of architecture, the element in d. Architecture
the architectural expression that communicates specific
meanings.
5. it is a technique for the mass-production of pottery, e. Environment
especially for shapes not easily made on a wheel.
6. it is a type of sculpture which requires patience and f. Architectural
planning.
7. both have to do with size. The first both have to do g. Casting
with size. Scale means size in relation to a standard or
"normal" size. On the other hand, refers to size
relationships between parts of a whole, or between two
or more items perceived as a unit.
8. It is the working of soft or plastic materials (like clay h. Composition
and wax) by hand to build up or shape to create a form.
9. is the art concerned with styles, methods, and design i. Statue
of constructing buildings, separating inner from outer
space in such a way that the inner space can be used for
both practical purposes and aesthetic ends.
10. it is a shaping activity of pieces of rough natural j. Assembling
stone through the use of essential hand tools like
hammer and chisel.
11. refers to the way objects feel to the touch. k. Sculpture
12. is a life-size or a larger size of a sculpture of a l. Color
person or an animal, made of metal, stone or wood.

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13. architecture is primarily an art of space. m. Stone Carving

14. is a sculpted and painted representation of the upper n. Glass casting
part of the human figure such as the head, neck,
shoulders, chest or breast.
15. sculpture is a universal classification used to o. Light
describe a structural design such as buildings, bridges,
burial chamber and other big projects.
16. it is the art of shaping objects of wood using cutting p. Carving
tools.
17. is a method by which a liquid material is usually q. Space and mass
poured into a frame or pattern, which contains a hollow
cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to harden.
18. unlike most of the other arts, is not often conceived r. Slip casting
independently on particular surroundings.
19. is an additive process of gathering and joining s. Burst
different materials to create an assembled artwork.
20. it engages our sense differently than paintings t. Content
because it occupies space as a three-dimensional mass
through carving, casting modeling or assembling
materials
21. is the organization of the whole out of its parts - the u. Scale and proportion
conception of single elements, the interrelating of these
elements, and the relating of them to the total form.

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Test II

Name: Score:
Course/Year: Date:
Time Schedule:

Evaluation: In your own words, briefly discuss the following concepts listed below.
1. Sculpture

2. Architecture

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Module
Summary

You have completed the fourth module of Art Appreciation covering the
lessons: Origin and importance of Sculpture, Types of Sculpture and its Medium and
Techniques, Definition of Architecture, and Elements of Architecture.
Key points covered in the module include the following:
Sculpture is from the Latin word sculpere which means “to carve.” The tools
used in sculpture are varied and is changing throughout history. It engages our
sense differently than paintings because it occupies space as a three-dimensional
mass through carving, casting modeling or assembling materials (Sheldon,
1968). Three significant phases namely:
Types of Sculpture: Burst, Statue and Architectural.
Medium and technique - Sculpture techniques have the aim of providing
practical and technical support through several procedures. These processes are
either additive (added material) or subtractive (material is removed or carved
out). Sculptures primarily use four basic techniques, namely: Carving, Casting,
Molding and Assembling.
Architecture is the art concerned with styles, methods, and design of
constructing buildings, separating inner from outer space in such a way that the
inner space can be used for both practical purposes and aesthetic ends.
Elements of Architecture – Content, Space and Mass, Composition, Scale and
proportion, Light, Texture, Color and Environment.

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Module Overview

Music and Pop Art

In this Module
Origin and Importance of Music
Elements of Music
Different Music Genres
Brief History and Nature of Pop Art
Key Characteristics of Pop Art

Good day to you! Today you will be exposed to different aspect of arts. You will
be given the opportunity to discover your other potentials in particular to those which
are related to music and pop arts. The lessons and the activities provided are essentially
suited for your best experience of the topics in learning this type of art. I’m looking
forward for your great and best output towards this module. Good luck and God bless!

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

identify famous Filipino musicians in the different genres of music;
make a creative interpretation of the different genres of music;
translate sound or music into a new form and in a new context;
identify famous pop arts created by a Filipino; and
create and exhibit your own pop art.

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Origin and Importance of Music

Objectives:
explain the importance of music in our daily lives.

Introduction:

Hi! Welcome to our first lesson! In this module you are going to journey with
me in discovering other ways of expressing yourself through music. In this lesson you
are going to study first the origin of music by looking its background in the history.
You are also expected to cooperate and participate in the activities of this lesson. Good
Luck! And God Bless!

Activity:

My Most Favorite Song

Instruction:

Search a music and find your most favorite music/song. Explain why
that song is relevant to you.

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

18. Define music on your understanding?

19. How can music be part of our daily lives?

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Abstraction:

The Origin and Importance of Music

The word “music” is from the Greek word mousike, which means “Art of the
Muses.” It is the art of arranging tones in an orderly way to produce a unified and
continuous composition. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs
melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and
articulation) dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture.
To many people of different cultures, music is an integral part of their way of life.
It is an art that puts sounds together in a way that people like. Most music includes
people singing with their voices or playing a musical instrument, such as drums, piano,
guitar, and others.
When music is written on a staff, the pitches (tones) and their duration are
represented by symbols known as notes. These symbols are put on the lines and in the
spaces between the lines. Each position says which tone must be played. The higher
the note is in the staff, the higher the pitch of the tone. The lower the notes are, the
lower the pitch of the tone.
Music can also be written, naming them
as in the solfa “Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La,
Si/Ti, Do.” The next table shows how each
note is represented in the Standard Notation
or chords. This notation was made to make
the lecture on music notes simple and easy
to read.

What is the Role of Music in Our Lives?

Art and music are fundamental human functions and essential parts of human life.
Without music, our life is a lost, unsure, and probably incapable of venting our emotions
(Galindo, 2003). Based on studies, music can be a right way of helping our imagination
goes to new heights. It touches our soul and enables us to express different moods and
emotions. It inspires people and allows us to get in touch with our feelings in a way
that is unique. It allows our body and mind to make a break from the monotony of life.
Likewise, music can kindle the mind. It can inspire ordinary human feelings and bridges
gaps between cultures. It touches our emotional being and shows emotions that are
sometimes difficult to articulate. It can be our day happy or excited.

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Notable Known Filipino Musicians and Artists

Levi Celerio
National Artist for Literature / Music (1997)
(April 30, 1910 – April 2, 2002)

Levi Celerio is a prolific lyricist and composer for decades. He effortlessly

translated/wrote anew the lyrics to traditional melodies: “O Maliwanag Na Buwan”
(Iloko), “Ako ay May Singsing” (Pampango), “Alibangbang” (Visaya) among others.
Born in Tondo, Celerio received his scholarship at the Academy of Music in
Manila that made it possible for him to join the Manila Symphony Orchestra, becoming
its youngest member. He made it to the Guinness Book of World Records as the only
person able to make music using just a leaf.
A great number of his songs have been written for the local movies, which
earned for him the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Film Academy of the
Philippines. Levi Celerio, more importantly, has enriched the Philippine music for no
less than two generations with a treasury of more than 4,000 songs in an idiom that has
proven to appeal to all social classes.
Freddie Aguilar
Filipino Folk musician, singer, song writer

Ferdinand Pascual Aguilar (born February 5, 1953), better known as Freddie

Aguilar or Ka Freddie Aguilar, is a folk musician from the Philippines. He is best
known for his rendition of "Bayan Ko", which became the anthem for the opposition to
the Marcos regime during the 1986 People Power Revolution, and for his song "Anak",
the best-selling Philippine music record of all time. He is heavily associated with Pinoy
rock. He is well known internationally, and within the Philippines and Asia-Pacific
region, claiming fame as one of the best musician-songwriters of the Philippines.
Freddie Aguilar's musical beginnings started when he was young. At the age of
14, he wrote songs. When he was 17-years-old, Aguilar played his first guitar. By the
time he was 20-years-old, Freddie Aguilar performed on stage for the first time.
He studied Electrical Engineering at De Guzman Institute of Technology but
did not finish the degree program. Instead he pursued music, became a street musician,
and then a folk club and bar musician. At the age of 18, Aguilar parted ways with his
family and quit college. After realizing and regretting his mistakes five years later, he
composed the song "Anak"
Freddie Aguilar's influences include British and American folk-rock stars like
Cat Stevens and James Taylor. He is also heavily influenced by his Filipino heritage,
nationalist feelings, and tries to constitute a musical exploration of the Filipino ethos.

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Joey Ayala
Filipino Folk musician, singer, song writer

Joey Ayala (born José Íñigo Homer Lacambra Ayala; 1 June 1956, Bukidnon,
Philippines) is a Filipino singer, songwriter and former chairman of the music
committee of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. He is well known for
his style of music that combines the sounds of Filipino ethnic instruments with modern
pop music. His public music life started when he released an album recorded in a
makeshift-studio in 1982 in Davao City. To date, he has released fourteen albums. He
is the brother of singer-songwriter Cynthia Alexander.

Some of the Filipino ethnic instruments Ayala is known to use include the two-
stringed Hegalong of the T'Boli people of Mindanao, the Kubing, the bamboo jaw harp
found in various forms throughout the Philippines, and the 8-piece gong set, Kulintang,
the melodical gong-rack of the indigenous peoples of the southern part of the country.
He also uses modern instruments in his music, such as the electric guitar, bass guitar,
synthesizer/sequencer and drums.

The name of his band "Bagong Lumad" literally means "New Native" - a name
and philosophy that has been carried over into Bagong Lumad Artists Foundation, Inc.
(www.blafi.org), now a UNDP Responsible Party working on SiningBayan (Social
Artistry) capacity-building projects with the Civil Service Commission, the Department
of Education, and other GOs and NGOs in the Philippines. He served as the (2008–10)
Chairman and Vice-Chairman (2011–13) of the National Committee on Music under
the National Commission for Culture and the Arts.

In 2013, Ayala entered the second Philippine Popular Music Festival as a

composer and interpreter for the song called "Papel" where it was named as one the
twelve finalists. The song features collaborations with rapper Gloc-9 and guest vocals
of Denise Barbacena. He previously participated in 2012 as an interpreter for the song
"Piso" written by Kristofferson Melecio. In 2014, Joey Ayala was featured in the BBC
Travel show episode for Philippines.

Application:
Song Composition

Instruction:

Make a song at least 3-stanza which shows the importance of music.

Record you song composition and submit it to your instructor via email
add or any online platforms. e.g. Facebook messenger
.

Congratulations! You have just successfully finished Lesson 1! In the next

lesson, you will learn elements of music. If you have question and clarifications feel
free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 2
Elements of Music

Objectives:
identify the elements of music; and
evaluate a song based on the elements of music.

Introduction:

Hello! In this lesson you are going to explore the elements of music and how
does these help us provide relevant and basic understanding on the nature of music.
You are encouraged to evaluate and criticize a music or a song based on the elements
of music.

Activity:

Song Analysis

Instruction:

Search for a music/song and analyze its meaning.

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. What message does it communicate with its listeners?

2. What particular experience can you relate with the song?

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3. Does this song/music promote relevance of music?

Abstraction:

The Elements of Music

1. Harmony (From the Greek harmonia, meaning “joint or agreement”) - It refers

to the verticalization of pitch. It is often thought as the art of combining
pitches into chords. These chords are usually arranged into sentence-like
patterns called chord progressions.
2. Key- It is known as tonality, a principle in music composition wherein at the
end of the piece there is a feeling of completion by going back to the tonic.
3. Melody (From a Greek meloidia, which means “singing” or “chanting”)- It
refers to the tune of a song or piece of music.
4. Pitch- It refers to the perceptual property that allows the ordering of sounds on
a frequency-related scale either relative lowness or highness.
5. Rhythm- It comes from a Greek word rhythmos, which means “any regular
recurring motion.” It is the pattern of the sound in time and beats in music.
6. Tempo- It regards to the speed (slow or fast) of a given piece of music.
7. Texture- It refers to how the harmonic materials are combined in a
composition. It could be monophonic (single melodic line), polyphonic (two
or more melodic lines) and homophonic (the main melody accompanied by
chords).
8. Timbre- It refers to the quality of the sound (tone) that distinguishes one voice
or instrument from another.

Supplementary Materials
Kindly refer on the given link for your additional learning materials.
Timbre- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjJLAcDb_MU
Texture- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teh22szdnRQ

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Rhythm- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAK5-pUxSDE
Tempo- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSZLnpKm4bM
Pitch-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkOJQmaFGNw&list=RDYkOJQmaFGNw&sta
rt_radio=1&t=4
Melody- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WESQHuwOizM
Key- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rHyM-oPqjw
Harmony- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OX1FyfZHWM

Application:

Song Analysis

Instruction:

Listen to your song composition from the previous lesson. Examine

and identify what are the elements of music it contains.

Congratulations! You have successfully finished Lesson 2! In the next lesson,

you will learn the different genres of music. If you have question and clarifications
feel free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 3
Different Genres of Music

Objectives:
analyze a song according to style or musicality and message.
provide examples for each genre

Introduction:

Good day! Today you are going to learn the different types of genres in music.
In this lesson you will understand the various ways of making a song/composition
through its styles, musicality and its content/message . This input will help you develop
your skill in song/music composition and will give you knowledge on what type of
genre you are going to compose. You required to familiarize its different characteristics
and provide examples on each genre.

Activity:

Song Observation

Instruction:

Listen to the song in the link below and examine its style or musicality
and message.

Title and link:

93 Million Miles by Jason Mraz
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnXgYhSZA3c)

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Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. What do you think is the type of genre of the music?

2. What does it reveal to you?

3. What particular experience can you relate with the song?

Abstraction:

The Different Music Genres

Classical Music. Classical music is a sophisticated form of composition as it requires

skills like learning the ability to coordinate with others musicians.
Folk Music. This type of music reflects the emotions of common people. Cultural and
popular music are the two sub-genres of folk music.
Funk Music. This music became known in the late 1960s. Funk made rhythm the
most important element while de-emphasizing melody.
Hip-hop Music. Hip-hop music always includes the use of an instrument such as
bass, drums, guitar, piano, violin, and fiddle. In this type of music, the bass is the
main instrument. This can be used in different intensities to emote feelings of anger
or pride.

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Jazz Music. Complex and strong beats feature this type of music. The main
instruments used for this type of music are a cornet, trumpet, or violin.
Meta Music. This is a type of music wherein the melody is influenced by the structure
of the songs (known as “information music”).
Opera Music. This genre has a fantastic combination of theatrical art and musical
invention and is played explicitly in big audiences.
Rock Music. This music genre requires the vocals to be accompanied by bass, drums,
and guitar. Sometimes, piano, synthesizer, saxophone, flute, mandolin, and sitar are
also in this genre for a more profound impact. This type of music has several sub-
genres, such as hard rock, metal rock, and progressive rock.
Techno Music. This genre is also known as fusion type of music. This is a form of
electronic dance-music based on African-American music styles like electro jazz and
funk.
Trance Music. This type of music is usually performed in clubhouses. This is
characterized by fast tempo and repetitious beats.

Application:

I. Search and provide at least five examples for each music genre with
the name of the composer, singer and year released. Write answers in your
journal.
1. Classical Music
2. Folk Music
3. Funk Music
4. Hip-Hop Music
5. Jazz Music
6. Meta Music
7. Opera Music
8. Rock Music
9. Techno Music
10. Trance Music

Congratulations! You have just successfully finished Lesson 3! In the next

lesson, you will learn the background and brief history of pop art. If you have question
and clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Brief History of Pop Art

Objectives:
explain the evolution of Pop art

Introduction:

Good day! Today you are going to discover and learn the historical background
of Pop art. This type of art has been considered as one of the various ways in art
expressions. In this lesson you are going to study and familiarize its concept. You are
required to do the activities provided.

Activity:

Artwork Analysis

Instruction: Look at the artwork below and describe what you see in
three (3) sentences

Roy Lichtenstein, Drowning Girl (1963)

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Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. What truth does it reveal to you?

2. What message does it communicate with its viewers?

3. Do you think this work of art expresses beauty?

Abstraction:

History of Pop Art

Pop Art was the art of popular culture. It was the visual art movement that
characterized a sense of optimism during the post war consumer boom of the 1950's
and 1960's. It coincided with the globalization of pop music and youth culture,
personified by Elvis and the Beatles. Pop Art was brash, young and fun and hostile to
the artistic establishment. It included different styles of painting and sculpture from
various countries, but what they all had in common was an interest in mass-media,
mass-production and mass-culture.
Pop Art characterized a sense of optimism during the post war consumer boom
of the 1950's and 1960's. It coincided with the globalization of pop music and youth
culture, personified by Elvis and The Beatles. Pop Art was brash, young and fun and
hostile to the artistic establishment. It included different styles of painting and sculpture
from various countries, but what they all had in common was an interest in mass-media,

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mass-production and mass-culture. It is widely interpreted

as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract
expressionism, as well as an expansion upon them. And
due to its utilization of found objects and images it is
similar to Dada. Pop Art aimed to employ images of
popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing
the banal or kitschy elements of any given culture, most
often through the use of irony. It is also associated with
the artists' use of mechanical means of reproduction or
rendering techniques.
Advertising, product labelling and logos figure
prominently in the imagery chosen by pop artists, like in
the Campbells Soup cans, by Andy Warhol. Even the
labelling on the shipping box containing retail items has
been used as subject matter in Pop Art, for example in Warhol's Campbell's Tomato
Juice Box 1964
Warhol's Campbell's Tomato Juice Box 1964, or his Brillo
Soap Box sculptures.
Andy Warhol is one of the best-known artists associated with Pop Art. His
images of Mick Jagger, Marilyn Monroe and Campbell’s Soup cans to name but a few
have become household images, reprinted onto t-shirts, posters, mugs and recognized
by people across the globe.
It is perhaps surprising that a Pop Art movement came out of London before it
convincingly burst onto the art scene in America. After all, it is the American artist
Andy Warhol who has become synonymous with the movement known as Pop Art. It
was however, Richard Hamilton and Eduardo Paolozzi, as some of the founding
members of the Independent Group (an artistic and literary collective that met regularly
at the ICA in London between 1952 and 1955) that were the forerunners to British Pop
Art and the transatlantic Pop Art movement. Richard Hamilton is often cited as the
founder of British Pop Art. Others consider the conversations between Hamilton and
Paolozzi to have kick-started the transatlantic art movement now known as Pop Art.
American Pop Art evolved as an attempt to reverse the elitist and abstract trend
by reintroducing the image as a structural device in painting, to pull art back from the
obscurity of abstraction into the real world again. This was a model that had been tried
and tested before. Picasso had done something similar forty years previously when he
collaged 'real world' printed images onto his still life works when he was considering if
his work was becoming too abstract.
Around 1955, two remarkable artists emerged who would lay the foundations
of a bridge between Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art. They were Jasper Johns and
Robert Rauschenberg, the forerunners of American Pop Art.

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Sample of Philippine Pop Art

Dri Ilustre
a Filipino artist, designer and poet has created a very colorful illustrations of
famous people. The eye-catching illustrations are cubism-inspired digital art where the
characters are portrayed in an abstract form, made up by different shapes. In his works
he uses mostly red, blue and yellow colors.

Dri Illuste, “Many Pacquiao”, Dri Illuste, “Let it be” by

2014 Beatles, 2014

Jasmin Felipe – is a Two-Dimensional

Illustrator and Graphic Artist.

TAHO - POP ART (FILIPINO SNACK)

It's a Philippine snack food made of fresh
soft/silken tofu, arnibal (sweetener and
flavoring), and sago pearl.

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Application:

Essay
Instruction: In your own words summarize the background history of
Pop Art, in not more than ten sentences. Write your answer in your
journal.

Congratulations! Well done! You have just successfully finished Lesson 4! In

the next lesson, you will learn the key characteristics of pop art. If you have question
and clarifications feel free to contact your instructor.

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Lesson 5
Key Characteristics of Pop Art

Objectives:
identify the key characteristics of Pop Art; and
create your own artwork based on the different characteristics of Pop
Art.

Introduction:

Good day! After knowing the history of Pop Art. Today you are going to study
and familiarize its different key characteristics. This input will help you understand and
determine what type of characteristics a pop art should have, which makes it different
from other form of canvas and style. You are required to do the activities provided in
this lesson.

Activity:

Artwork Observation
Instruction: Observe the following works of art and compare its
characteristics using the graphic organizer provided.
Illustration 3

Illustratio
Plastico Lobo, Rio De Janeiro, 2017

The Desperate Man by Gustave

Courbet, 1844-1845,oil painting,
17 3/4 x 21 5/8.

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Graphic Organizer

Illustration 1 Illustration 2

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99

Analysis:

Answer the following questions:

1. What are the different characteristics of the two artworks?

2. What are their common characteristics?

Abstraction:

Key Characteristics of Pop Art

1. Mass-produced images. Pop art makes use of mass-produced images, such as

advertisement copy or comic book pictures. These images are replicated in the
art piece or print. People recognize the images and draw conclusions from the
way the images are presented.
2. Altered photographs. Pop art can be based on altered photographs of actual
items or people. An artist creating custom pop art might take photos of a client,
then change the coloring of the photo or use a photo editing tool to replace
parts of a photo with other images from other photos.
3. Icons. Many pop artists draw inspiration from pictures of movie stars, iconic
images, corporate logos, and cultural symbols. These images are altered or
decorated, or used in conjunction with other images for decoration or for social
commentary.
4. Abstract positioning. You’ll find some pop art that uses traditional positioning
of images on the canvas or print. You’ll also find many collages and
nontraditional arrangements of images as you peruse pop art collections.
5. Altering of size, medium or texture. If images in a pop art piece are presented
in a traditional ordering or setting, they probably aren’t being presented in
actual size or relative size. Instead you’ll find humongous cans of soup next to
miniscule people, or people with huge heads and tiny bodies. This altering of
size, medium, or texture is part of the pop art style.

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6. Flashing colors. Pop art generally employs very bright colors. Like fauves, pop
artist are fond of using wild and bright colors in their works.

Application:

Art-Making
Instruction: Create an artwork applying the key characteristics of pop
art. Take a picture of your output and submit it to your instructor via
email add or any online platforms. e.g. Facebook messenger.

Congratulations! Well done! You have just successfully finished Lesson 5 of

the last module! I hope you’ve learned a lot from module one to four. I thank you for
your determination and active participation since day one up to the end. If you have
other question and clarifications feel free to contact your instructor. Have a nice day
ahead! God Bless!

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MODULE ASSESSMENT
Test I

Name: Score:
Course/Year: Date:
Time Schedule:

Matching Type: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the box provided before each item.

Column A Column B
1. this genre has a fantastic combination of theatrical art a. Music
and musical invention and is played explicitly in big
audiences.

2. it refers to the perceptual property that allows the b. Abstract positioning

ordering of sounds on a frequency-related scale either
relative lowness or highness.

3. a type of music wherein the melody is influenced by c. Tehno music

the structure of the songs (known as “information
music”).
4. this music genre requires the vocals to be d. Jazz music
accompanied by bass, drums, and guitar.
5. this type of music is usually performed in clubhouses. e. Harmony
This is characterized by fast tempo and repetitious beats.
6. this music became known in the late 1960s f. Mass-produced
images
7. it is the pattern of the sound in time and beats in music. g. Hip-hop music

8. it refers to the verticalization of pitch. It is often h. Flashing of colors

thought as the art of combining pitches into chords.
9. This genre is also known as fusion type of music. i. Meta music
10. it is known as tonality, a principle in music j. Tempo
composition wherein at the end of the piece there is a
feeling of completion by going back to the tonic.

11. is a sophisticated form of composition as it requires k. Altered photographs

skills like learning the ability to coordinate with others
musicians.
12. Pop art generally employs very bright colors l. Trance music
13. it use advertisement copy or comic book pictures. m. Icons
These images are replicated in the art piece or print.

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14. Complex and strong beats feature this type of music. n. Folk music
The main instruments used for this type of music are a
cornet, trumpet, or violin.
15. it refers to the tune of a song or piece of music. o. Pop art

16. pop art piece are presented in a traditional ordering p. Rhythm

or setting, they probably aren’t being presented in actual
size or relative size.
17. Pop art can be based on altered photographs of actual q. Altering of size,
items or people. medium or texture
18. includes the use of an instrument such as bass, r. Funk music
drums, guitar, piano, violin, and fiddle.
19. it is the art of arranging tones in an orderly way to s. Key
produce a unified and continuous composition.
20. It refers to how the harmonic materials are combined t. Pitch
in a composition.
21. It refers to the quality of the sound (tone) that u. Rock music
distinguishes one voice or instrument from another.

22. pop art that uses traditional positioning of images on v. Melody

the canvas or print.
23. it is a constant feature of architecture. w. Classical Music
24. these images are altered or decorated, or used in x. Texture
conjunction with other images for decoration or for
social commentary.
25. this type of music reflects the emotions of common y. Opera music
people.
26. It regards to the speed (slow or fast) of a given piece z. Timbre
of music.

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Test II

Name: Score:
Course/Year: Date:
Time Schedule:

Evaluation: In your own words, briefly discuss the following concepts listed below.
1. Music as medicine.

2. Importance of Music in life.

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Module
Summary

You have completed the fifth module of Art Appreciation covering the
lessons: Origin and Importance of Music; Elements of Music; Different Music Genres;
Brief History and Nature of Pop Art; and Key Characteristics of Pop Art.
Key points covered in the module include the following:
Music, The word “music” is from the Greek word mousike, which means “Art
of the Muses.” It is the art of arranging tones in an orderly way to produce a
unified and continuous composition.
Role of music- Art and music are fundamental human functions and essential
parts of human life. Without music, our life is a lost, unsure, and probably
incapable of venting our emotions (Galindo, 2003). music can kindle the
mind. It can inspire ordinary human feelings and bridges gaps between
cultures. It touches our emotional being and shows emotions that are
sometimes difficult to articulate. It can be our day happy or excited.
Different Music Genres- comprises the following: Classical music, Folk
music, Funk, Hip-hop music, Jazz, Meta music, Opera music, Rock music,
Techno music and Trance music.
Elements of Music- which comprises the following: Harmony, Key, Melody,
Pitch, Rhythm, Tempo, Texture, and Timbre.
Pop Art- Refers to art of popular culture. It was the visual art movement that
characterized a sense of optimism during the post war consumer boom of the
1950's and 1960's. It coincided with the globalization of pop music and youth
culture, personified by Elvis and the Beatles. Pop Art characterized a sense
of optimism during the post war consumer boom of the 1950's and 1960's.
Richard Hamilton- is often cited as the founder of British Pop Art.
Key Characteristics of Pop Art – which comprises the following: Mass-
produced images, Altered photographs, Icons, Abstract positioning, Altering
of size, medium and texture, and Flashing colors.
Levi Celerio- a National Artist for Literature / Music (1997); (April 30, 1910
– April 2, 2002). He is a prolific lyricist and composer for decades. He
effortlessly translated/wrote anew the lyrics to traditional melodies: “O
Maliwanag Na Buwan” (Iloko), “Ako ay May Singsing” (Pampango),
“Alibangbang” (Visaya) among others.
Freddie Aguilar- a Filipino Folk musician, singer, song writer. Ferdinand
Pascual Aguilar (born February 5, 1953), better known as Freddie Aguilar or
Ka Freddie Aguilar, is a folk musician from the Philippines. He is best known
for his rendition of "Bayan Ko", which became the anthem for the opposition
to the Marcos regime during the 1986 People Power Revolution. He is well
known internationally, and within the Philippines and Asia-Pacific region,
claiming fame as one of the best musician-songwriters of the Philippines.
Joey Ayala- a Filipino Folk musician, singer, song writer. Joey Ayala (born
José Íñigo Homer Lacambra Ayala; 1 June 1956, Bukidnon, Philippines) is

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a Filipino singer, songwriter and former chairman of the music committee of

the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. He is well known for his
style of music that combines the sounds of Filipino ethnic instruments with
modern pop music.

GED- 9: Arts Appreciation, Davao De Oro State College